英语第三人称复数代词指代归属的逻辑判析

英语第三人称复数代词的指代归属常令中国读者倍感困惑。本文从涉及这一困惑的照应关系和语言环境两个方面，对此归属的取向给以合乎思维规律的判断与分析。     

新加坡公务员廉政制度建设及其借鉴意义

新加坡政府公务员制度建立时间并不长,但在廉政建设方面成效卓著。新加坡公务员的廉政制度从公务员的聘任制、公务员制度中廉政要求的法律化、健全的监督机制、高薪养廉式的福利待遇等方面都为我国国家公务员制度建设提供了借鉴意义。     

日本NPO支援中心的发展及对我国的启示

本文着重分析了日本NPO支援中心兴起和发展的原因，探讨了日本NPO支援中心的类型和功能，提出了日本NPO支援中心对我国非营利性援助组织建设的启示。     

论期待可能性理论对我国犯罪构成理论的借鉴意义

期待可能性理论是大陆法系国家的刑法理论 ,在我国鲜有研究。笔者认为 ,期待可能性理论有其自身的合理性 ,对我国传统的犯罪构成理论具有借鉴意义 ,我国刑法应当引进。     

Prior Experiences as Temporal Frames of Reference in Social Justice: The Influence of Previous Fairness Experiences on Reactions to New and Old Supervisors

This paper focuses on the psychology of social change and social justice. Specifically, we focus on subordinates’ reactions to new and old supervisors, and we argue that in evaluating these different types of supervisors, subordinates may rely on prior fair or unfair experiences as temporal frames of reference. We further propose that a result of these frames of reference may be that previous fairness experiences have a bigger impact on subordinates’ reactions to subsequent neutral communications when an old rather than when a new supervisor is the source of that communication. Findings of two empirical studies indeed show that subordinates who had had fair experiences with a particular supervisor reacted more positively toward subsequent neutral messages when the communication was coming from the old supervisor rather than from the new supervisor. Subordinates who had had unfair experiences, however, reacted more negatively toward the communication when the source was the old rather than the new supervisor. Some evidence was also found for contrast effects such that people who react to a new supervisor may react more positively with the neutral demand from this authority figure when they have earlier experienced unfair as opposed to fair treatment by a different supervisory agent. These findings were obtained on subordinates’ satisfaction with the supervisors’ communication and their acceptance of the supervisor. Finally, we discuss the implications for the psychology of social change and social justice.     

Ambiguous activists. Estonia's model of cultural autonomy as interpreted by two of its founders: Werner Hasselblatt and Ewald Ammende

Abstract

Baltic Germans who were active on behalf of especially German minorities throughout Europe during the 1920s have already found some recognition in especially German-language studies. Now they are receiving a wider coverage. Two of these men, Werner Hasselblatt and Ewald Ammende, came from Estonia and played a part in the development of the cultural autonomy legislation enacted in 1925. Traditionally this has been counted a positive contribution to the management of Europe's minorities during the inter-war period. During the 1930s at the latest, however, both Hasselblatt and Ammende drifted towards German National Socialism. Through an investigation of the ideas of these men, this paper attempts to interpret lives which helped to create apparently progressive legislation in the 1920s, but which compromised with a dreadful political movement soon afterwards. What were the motives behind their actions?     

法医DNA标准物质备选细胞STR等位基因片段长度的定值

目的 研究建立法医DNA标准物质备选细胞基因组STR基因座等位基因片段长度标准定值的方法.方法 利用有机法提取HPF和HSSM细胞基因组DNA并进行STR复合扩增,将产物进行电泳检测.利用Gene Mapper软件分析电泳结果,记录STR基因座等位基因的数值,并对目前我国公安系统应用较为广泛的DNATyperTM15、IdentifilerTM两种试剂盒扩增产物进行相应的DNA片段长度(bp)统计以及定值.结果 HPF为男性个体细胞,HSSM为女性个体细胞.HPF和HSSM细胞DNATyperTM15系统等位基因片段长度范围分别为126.26±0.05～367.53±0.20bp和125.33±0.07～370.08±0.17bp,IdentifilerTM系统等位基因片段长度范围分别为117.22±0.04～340.02±0.08bp和117.21±0.03～323.86±0.09bp.结论 对STR基因座等位基因片段长度进行标准定值,可为法医DNA标准物质提供有效的溯源途径.     

Simplified Direct PCR Method for Reference Buccal Samples Using a Non-FTA Card by Omitting the Pretreatment Step

When using non-FTA cards in commercial multiplex STR kits for direct PCR, pretreatment steps with specific buffers are recommended. Here, we designed a rapid direct PCR method utilizing a non-FTA card, Oral Cell Sampling Kit, by omitting the pretreatment step involving Prep-n-Go™ Buffer, and it showed compatibility with the GlobalFiler™ Express PCR Amplification Kit, GlobalFiler™ PCR Amplification Kit, and PowerPlex^® Fusion system. To optimize the PCR conditions, we tested the method with different final PCR volumes and cycles. Finally, we conducted a performance test using 50 Korean buccal samples and confirmed the high performance of the method, detecting more than 90% of the samples with full profiles when using GlobalFiler™ PCR Amplification Kit and PowerPlex^® Fusion system at 29 cycles in a 10 μL final PCR volume. Thus, we report a simple direct PCR set-up to analyze reference samples collected using a non-FTA card manufactured in Korea.     

甲基苯丙胺和海洛因标准物质研究进展

甲基苯丙胺和海洛因是禁毒斗争的重要打击目标。毒品检测实验室在对甲基苯丙胺、海洛因相关检材进行定性定量分析时,必须依靠相应的高纯度标准物质作为分析参照,才能得出正确的检测结果。目前,尚未出现针对甲基苯丙胺和海洛因标准物质相关研究进展的报道。国内外现有生物基质甲基苯丙胺标准物质以及甲基苯丙胺纯度标准物质,可应用于体内外甲基苯丙胺的检测鉴定工作。其中,生物基质包括冻干尿液、毛发以及冷冻人体血清。海洛因除纯度标准物质外,已制备出了¹³C标记的海洛因标准物质,¹³C标记后的标准物质较氘代衍生物具有更高的分析精度。制备后的标准物质需经气相色谱-质谱法、液相色谱-质谱法、核磁共振波谱法、傅里叶变换红外光谱法等进行结构确认,同时通过气相色谱、液相色谱等不同定量分析方法进行量值。本文对上述国内外甲基苯丙胺和海洛因标准物质的研究情况进行概述,并展望了未来的研究方向。     

基于重组质粒制备STR分型阳性参照物

目的基于重组质粒制备可用于校准法医STR分型的阳性参照物。方法以常用阳性参照物9948人类基因组DNA STR分型为依据,基于重组质粒构建包含CSF1PO、D7S820、TH01等40个常染色体位点,DYS391、DYS522、DYS385a/b等22个Y染色体位点以及性别判定基因座Amelogenin的STR分型阳性参照物。将重组质粒定量、稀释后等比例混合,分别应用于DNATyper~?19、DNATyper~?24、DNATyper~?Y、Amp F?STR~?Identifiler~?Plus以及Power Plex~?18D System五种扩增试剂盒。结果阳性参照物中各重组质粒浓度为0.01pg/μL~0.001pg/μL;应用于Amp F?STR~?Identifiler~?Plus PCR扩增试剂盒,基于重组质粒制备的阳性参照物与人类基因组DNA扩增检测结果差异较小;将此阳性参照物分别应用于不同公司、不同STR基因座的四种STR扩增试剂盒,电泳检测图谱显示各基因座基因型完整,分型正确,峰高相当,基因座间均衡性良好。结论基于重组质粒制备STR分型阳性参照物,是一种可以替代细胞系制备阳性参照物的方法,具有一定的参考价值。基于此方法制备的阳性参照物可适用于市面上常用的STR检验试剂盒,普适性较强,对法医DNA分型检测有一定的实用价值。