线粒体DNA短片段复合扩增系统鉴别种属的研究

目的建立线粒体DNA短片段复合扩增体系用于种属鉴定的方法。方法提取人、牛、猪、羊、鸡的DNA,用所选的3对引物复合扩增细胞色素b基因（cyt b）片段、16srRNA基因片段和ND4基因片段,扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测。结果人DNA扩增产物在358bp、157bp和110bp处各出现一条带;动物DNA扩增产物均只有358bp一条带。结论线粒体DNA短片段复合扩增鉴别种属的方法可区分人源性生物检材和其它动物样本,可应用于法庭科学实践。     

Voraussetzungen einer EV wegen "Stalkings"

Die zur Durchsetzung des schon nach der bisherigen materiellen Rechtslage gegebenen Unterlassungsanspruches geschaffene gesetzliche Regelung des § 382g EO dient nach der erkl?rten Absicht des Gesetzgebers dazu, rasche Abhilfe zu schaffen, um weiteren Eingriffen in die Pers?nlichkeitssph?re des Opfers umgehend Einhalt zu gebieten. Voraussetzung für die Erlassung einer solchen einstweiligen Verfügung ist nur die Bescheinigung des Anspruchs auf Unterlassung weiterer "Stalking"-Handlungen. Mit der Anspruchsbescheinigung sind gleichzeitig auch die Anforderungen des § 381 Z 2 EO erfüllt, weil bei Beeintr?chtigung von Pers?nlichkeitsrechten, die einen Unterlassungsanspruch begründen, eine einstweilige Verfügung durchwegs zur Abwehr eines drohenden Schadens iSd § 381 Z 2 EO notwendig sein wird. Das Verbot der Kontaktaufnahme kann auch Handlungen Dritter umfassen, wenn diese vom Antragsgegner veranlasst werden.     

一株致猪胃溃疡大肠杆菌的分离鉴定

四川某猪场暴发保育猪与育肥猪水样腹泻,病理剖解可见胃黏膜大面积脱落、胃溃疡等症状,采集病死猪扁桃体与肠系膜淋巴结进行病毒检测;以肠内容物做寄生虫卵检测;选取其中一代表病例做细菌分离,经小鼠致死试验、仔猪回归试验确定病原菌,并对病原菌进行了形态学观察、生化鉴定、16SrDNA序列分析及药敏试验。结果显示,猪瘟病毒、伪狂犬病病毒等的检测结果为阴性;无寄生虫感染;从十二指肠内容物中分离到1株疑似致病性大肠杆菌,并命名为SCDC-1。用SCDC-1株人工感染健康仔猪成功复制出水样腹泻、胃溃疡病例。对SCDC-1株进行16SrDNA克隆测序,并与GenBank中的8株肠杆菌科和4株巴氏杆菌科菌株的16S基因进行同源性分析,发现SCDC-1株与大肠杆菌16S基因的相似性高达99.5%～99.9%。药敏试验结果显示,该病原菌仅对头孢曲松钠、头孢吡肟、丁胺卡那霉素敏感。试验结果证实,引起此次保育猪与育肥猪胃溃疡的主要病原为致病性大肠杆菌。     

Comparison between Temperature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis of Bacterial 16S rDNA and Diatom Test for Diagnosis of Drowning

When a body is discovered in water, it is difficult to conclude whether the cause of death was drowning, even today. Although diatom testing by the digestive method is classical, we hypothesized that aquatic bacteria, as well as diatoms, might be detected in drowned bodies, and conducted temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE)‐targeting 16S rDNA. DNA was extracted from the site water, and from heart blood and liver samples from 27 bodies concluded as drowning deaths by autopsy and subjected to TGGE after amplification of 16S rDNA by polymerase chain reaction. We observed whether the feature point of each 16S rDNA from the site water and blood or liver samples matched. Considerably higher correspondence was observed in drowned bodies, and the rate was higher than that achieved with the digestive method. Moreover, TGGE is safer than the digestive method. Our study suggests that this method can aid diagnosis of drowning.     

Opinion 1/15 of the Grand Chamber dated 26 July 2017 about the agreement on Passenger Name Record data between the EU and Canada

On 26 July 2017, the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Justice rendered its seminal Opinion 1/15 about the agreement on Passenger Name Record data between the EU and Canada. The Grand Chamber considered that the decision of the Council about the conclusion, on behalf of the Union, of the agreement between the EU and Canada about the transfer and processing of PNR data must be based jointly on Article 16(2) about the protection of personal data and Article 87(2)(a) about police co-operation among member states in criminal matters, but not on Article 82(1)(d) about judicial co-operation in criminal matters in the EU of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU. The Grand Chamber also considered that the agreement is incompatible with Article 7 on the right to respect for private life, Article 8 on the right to the protection of personal data, Article 21 on non-discrimination and Article 52(1) on the principle of proportionality of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU since it does not preclude the transfer, use and retention of sensitive data. In addition to the requirement to exclude such data, the Grand Chamber listed seven requirements that the agreement must include, specify, limit or guarantee to be compatible with the Charter.The opinion of the Grand Chamber has far-reaching implications for the agreement on PNR data between the EU and Canada. It has also far-reaching implications for international agreements on PNR data between the EU and other third states. Last, it has far-reaching implications for Directive 681 of 27 April 2016 on PNR data.     

宁波甬江水域夏冬季节溺死兔内脏硅藻16SrDNA的鉴定

目的采用PCR法检测夏季7月和冬季12月宁波甬江水域溺死家兔内脏组织中硅藻16SrDNA,评估其在夏季7月和冬季12月溺死鉴定中的应用价值。方法于夏季7月和冬季12月分别选取30只大白兔,总计60只大白兔,随机分为溺死组(n=10)、死后入水组(n=10)、空气栓塞组(n=10)。各组分别提取心、肝、肺、肾组织,应用PCR技术检测上述兔内脏硅藻16SrDNA。结果与死后入水组比较,夏季7月兔溺死组心、肝、肺、肾组织中硅藻16SrDNA检出率明显增高(P<0.05);而冬季12月溺死组仅心、肺组织中检见硅藻16SrDNA,与死后入水组比较无明显差异(P>0.05);夏季7月溺死兔组心、肝、肺、肾组织中硅藻16SrDNA检出率明显高于冬季季12月溺死兔组(P<0.05);夏季7月和冬季12月空气栓塞组心、肝、肺、肾组织中硅藻16SrDNA均未检出。结论宁波甬江水域夏季溺死兔中硅藻16SrDNA检出率高,PCR技术可用于溺死诊断;而冬季硅藻16SrDNA检出率低,运用该技术诊断溺死应慎重。     

新藤黄酸对黑色素瘤B16细胞凋亡的作用

目的 探讨新藤黄酸（gambogenic acid,GNA）对小鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞凋亡的影响。方法 用不同浓度的GNA培养B16细胞24 h,倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态;采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium,MTT)法测定GNA对B16细胞增殖的抑制作用;荧光显微镜观察吖啶橙/溴化乙锭（acridine orange/ethidium bromide,AO/EB）染色后细胞凋亡;采用膜联蛋白Ⅴ-异硫氰酸荧光素/碘化丙啶双染,流式细胞仪检测B16细胞凋亡。结果 GNA作用B16细胞后,细胞的抑制率随着药物浓度的增加而升高;AO/EB染色荧光显微镜观察显示GNA处理的B16细胞出现了典型的凋亡特征;流式细胞仪检测显示GNA处理的B16细胞随着药物浓度的增大凋亡率随之上升。结论 GNA在一定的范围内,能够浓度和时间依赖性地通过诱导细胞凋亡抑制小鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞的增殖。     

Soil sample metagenome NGS data management for forensic investigation

Soil analysis is a valuable resource in forensic investigation. Classical forensic soil analysis involves examination of its physical characteristics and chemical composition, such as soil type, colour, particle size, shape, pH, elemental, mineral and organic content. However the limited variability of these parameters is not always allowing adequate discrimination between soil samples. As soil supports extreme diversity of microorganisms and eukaryotic communities, microbiological approaches have been proposed. Several molecular approaches for microbial DNA profiling are available; however there is a lack of published data of implementation of the next generation sequencing (NGS) approaches for forensic soil analysis.The aim of the current study was elaboration of criteria for soil metagenome data management and database searching. We used our previously sequenced collection of 11 samples collected from different environments (forests, fields, grasslands, urban park) with different flora. The single sample collection includes 9 soil samples per one sampling area (30 m × 30 m) spaced by 15 m. In the current study we concentrated mainly on 18S rRNA gene V2-V3 region for fungi however SSU rRNA region for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) fungi and V2-V3 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA gene for bacterial communities were taken into account. The sequencing was performed by Roche/454 platform. For data analysis OTU based approach on mothur software and NCBI BLASTN search were used. NCBI BLASTN analysis revealed altogether 2983 AMF matches and 8997 18S matches as well as 25477 OTUs (16S) were determined. Several data filtration approaches were used for data management. We found that 18S marker results could be used to create and run a filtered database that is computationally much more efficient and flexible. Our results have broad impact; however more samples have to be analysed, additional studies performed and cooperation between soil scientists and forensic scientists is required to be able to implement these novel techniques into the routine forensic practice.     

Comparison of DNA typing using AmpFlSTR Yfiler and PowerPlex Y System,for specimens subject to very long storage

We performed DNA typing from blood stains stored at room temperature for 22–30 years, using AmpFlSTR Yfiler PCR amplification Kit and PowerPlex Y System to extract and amplify the DNA and performing electrophoresis with an ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer. We identified alleles using GeneMapper ID v3.2.1 software. We found that long-term storage tended to reduce the number of detectable loci in the blood stains and that it was easier to detect the loci of smaller amplicons than larger amplicons.     

论国际刑事法院与其他国际机构的关系

国际刑事法院是一个追究个人刑事责任的常设性国际刑事司法机构,它既不同于只处理国家间争端的国际法院,也不同于安理会特设的几个国际刑庭。其补充管辖原则表明,它对国内法院起着补充作用而不是优先于国内法院行使管辖权。国际刑事法院与联合国安理会是合作与协调的关系,但规约第16条规定安理会以通过决议的方式要求法院推迟调查和起诉这个机制存在很大的缺陷,它为政治干涉司法提供了方便之路。