Cross-national comparison of homicide: Age/sex-adjusted rates using the 1980 U.S. homicide experience as a standard

Cross-sectional studies of crime have typically relied on crude crime rates when making comparisons between countries. Crude rates control for population size but implicitly assume that all members of the population are equally at risk. Empirical studies have shown that, cross-nationally, risk varies by age and sex. Standardization of crime rates removes the confounding effects of variable age and sex population distributions. Since age/sex-specific crime rates are generally unavailable for many countries, the method of indirect standardization is the most desirable technique. Age/sex-adjusted homicide rates for 76 countries are presented, and two comparative measures are suggested. It is shown that while the United States has a higher homicide rate than all but 15 countries; in most cases, the magnitude of the difference, not controlling for age/sex differences, is overestimated. Crude rates underestimate differences between the United States and countries with higher rates of homicide.     

过渡经济学规范性问题的思考

运用历史归纳法,对各种过渡经济的特殊形态进行归纳概括,是科学解答过渡经济学规范性问题最根本的方法。从逻辑上探讨“过渡经济”的一般性规定和特殊性规定,可以为历史研究提供理论思路,从而有助于科学、系统地解答过渡经济学的规范性问题,推动过渡经济学范式的形成。     

探寻公安执法规范化之路 提升公安机关执法公信力

公安执法规范化是"依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家"的应有之义,是尊重公民人权、保障公民权利的必然要求,是提升执法公信力、维护执法形象的重要举措。但是,当前公安执法工作中还存在执法不公、执法随意等问题。因而,如何深入地推进执法规范化建设,探究加强执法规范化建设的有效途径,全面提升公安机关的执法公信力就成为一项重要的课题。     

The Latvian student corps and politics in the inter-war period of the twentieth century

Abstract

To date, Latvia's student corps have remained a neglected topic in the country's political history, notwithstanding the size of these organisations and the fact that they have been in existence for more than a century. Those accounts that do exist have for the most part been written by corps members themselves, and have not included any real analysis of the corps' interaction with society or their role in Latvian political life. A study of these issues opens up new avenues towards a better understanding of the activity and influence of interest groups in Latvian politics during the 1920s and 1930s. Unlike many other social organisations, the student corps (also including the alumni societies) are often seen as linked to the activity of the major parties, to the coup d'état of 1934 and to radical Latvian nationalism.     

论法医学领域的标准化方法

通过对法医学领域标准化工作存在问题的分析,结合标准化方法的演变历程,运用标准体系和综合标准化的理论和方法,指出法医学领域标准化方法应以需求导向为主,通过构建标准体系指导标准化工作的开展,填补标准缺项,完善现有标准,同时积极适应多专业协同鉴定的发展需求,推进标准综合体的建立,并不断提升制标参与度,加大宣贯,促进标准的应用。     

高职院校校名英译研究

本文对我国100所国家示范性高职院校英文校名进行分析,并试图从“翻译单位”和“零翻译”的视角,用实证对比的方法,借鉴英美等国类似的校名,对我国高职院校英文校名的规范化问题进行探讨。     

论公安民警职业教育的正规化建设

公安民警职业教育的正规化建设是公安队伍正规化建设的五大体系之一,关乎公安队伍正规化建设的成败。各地公安机关在职业教育正规化建设进程中取得了很大成绩,形成了教育成果迅速转化为公安战斗力的教学模式。在这一进程中也确实存在一些突出问题,在对问题认真剖析的基础上,笔者提出了继续推进公安民警职业教育正规化建设的几条路径,以供选择。     

我国政府问责中的理论误读及反思

政府问责是实现责任政府的必然要求。事实上,政府问责并不是对政府特定时期失误、失职行为的简单惩罚,也不应该是政府在政治、舆论等压力之下的被动应急策略。政府问责应是一种常态化、规范化的以人民主权为逻辑基础的政府合法性展示过程,在此基础上,政府问责的目标、政府问责的落实、政府问责的途径以及政府问责的保障等都应有特定的内涵规定性,并共同构成有关政府问责的理论体系。     

规范与习惯的冲突--论判决书语言运用问题

针对目前判决书语言运用中存在的某些顽症加以分析,以期引起有关人员的注意,规范地运用语言,提高判决书的质量.具体从三方面谈到判决书用语的不规范方言土语的混杂,口语化痕迹的存在,语句锤炼欠佳影响修辞效果等.     

警察职业化建设的社会价值

公安队伍的长远发展要依赖正规化与职业化建设的协同与统筹。在对待职业化和正规化的关系问题上,不能因一种事物的存在而忽视甚至淹没相关事物的存在及其价值。警察职业化建设的社会价值表现在：其一,达成公安队伍方向与个人意志、目标与任务的统一,有利于凝聚警心、确保稳定;其二,统一队伍建设规范与举措,明确职业化建设标准,使得警察队伍建设走向可持续发展的轨迹;其三,通过警察职业建设,全面系统的体现警察职业的社会责任;其四,谋求找准警察自身职能定位,以此形成良好公共关系。