一氧化碳（CO）中毒检测方法

作者查阅近20年国内外相关文献的基础上,对一氧化碳(CO)中毒的检验方法进行了全面的阐述,同时对每种方法的优缺点和适用条件作了比较,并对适用于我国国情的顶空气质联用法进行了改良.     

氯丙嗪中毒的血药浓度跟踪检测及其吸附特性

利国活性炭血液灌流（HP）抢救严重氯丙嗪中毒三例，治疗期间病人均神志清醒，病情稳定。二例治愈出院。一例合并吸入性肺炎。在抢救过程中定时抽取静脉血，经过提取分离后，采用高灵敏度的硫磷检测器进行色谱分析、研究发现，活性炭能有效吸附氯丙嗪，其竞争吸附能力和药物与蛋白质结合的时间密切相关，时间愈长，竞争能力愈低。     

甘肃省庆阳市犊牛瞎眼病的调查与预防

对甘肃省庆阳市的西峰、合水、庆城、华池、镇原 5个县 (区 )牛群流行的以犊牛双目失明为主要症状的疾病进行了流行病学调查、临床症状和病理变化观察、实验室检验、小白鼠和兔饲喂试验及本动物典型病例复制试验 ,结合流行区种植黄花菜的情况 ,综合诊断为萱草根素中毒。经采取限制牛放牧时间 ,避免或杜绝牛在每年冬春季节采食黄花菜根及其青苗等措施 ,流行区牛的发病数量明显下降。     

A Case of Accidental Fatal Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning Involving Humans and Dogs

Aluminum phosphide is one of the commonest poisons encountered in agricultural areas, and manner of death in the victims is often suicidal and rarely homicidal or accidental. This paper presents an unusual case, where two humans (owner and housemaid) and eight dogs were found dead in the morning hours inside a room of a house, used as shelter for stray dogs. There was allegation by the son of the owner that his father had been killed. Crime scene visit by forensic pathologists helped to collect vital evidence. Autopsies of both the human victims and the dogs were conducted. Toxicological analysis of viscera, vomitus, leftover food, and chemical container at the crime scene tested positive for aluminum phosphide. The cause of death in both humans and dogs was aluminum phosphide poisoning. Investigation by police and the forensic approach to the case helped in ascertaining the manner of death, which was accidental.     

抗战时期日本毒化河北实态研究

抗日战争时期日本在河北有计划地推行毒化活动，政策上存在从阳禁阴纵到强制毒化阶段性嬗变，其实质对鸦片实行统制配销，对毒品一贯纵容，结果使河北在烟毒的生产、贩售、吸食上愈加泛滥，给该省经济发展、人民生活等诸多方面带来了极大危害。     

Development of a DNA-based macroarray for the detection and identification of Amanita species

A DNA-based macroarray was designed to quickly and accurately identify certain Amanita mushroom specimens at the species level. The macroarray included probes for Amanita phalloides and Amanita ocreata, toxic species responsible for most mushroom poisonings, and Amanita lanei and Amanita velosa, edible species sometimes confused with toxic species, based on sequences of the highly variable internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. A cryptic species related to A. ocreata and one related to A. lanei, identifiable by ITS sequences, were also included. Specific multiple oligonucleotide probes were spotted onto nylon membranes and the optimal hybridization temperatures were determined. The Amanita DNA array was highly specific, sensitive (0.5 ng DNA/μL and higher were detected), and reproducible. In two case studies, the method proved useful when only small amounts of mushroom tissue remained after a suspected poisoning. An identification could be completed in 12 h.     

大鼠博落回总碱中毒心肌细胞凋亡的研究

目的观察博落回总碱中毒后大鼠不同时间内心肌细胞凋亡情况,为博落回总碱中毒提供毒理学指标。方法以SD大鼠博落回总碱中毒为实验模型,通过HE染色及凋亡细胞检测技术对大鼠博落回总碱中毒后心肌病理变化进行研究,并对研究结果进行计算机病理学图像分析。结果大鼠在中毒后的不同时间段内,心肌细胞凋亡数高于正常对照组(P<0.01),且凋亡数在不同时间段差异有显著性。结论博落回总碱中毒在临床症状不明显及毒物分析难以检测的情况下,应用凋亡细胞检测技术可成功检测出心肌的病理学变化。     

毒鼠强中毒的凋亡细胞研究

目的通过动物实验,研究观察在不同剂量下毒鼠强中毒后不同时间各器官的病理学变化,以期为法医学鉴定提供指标。方法建立小鼠毒鼠强中毒的实验模型,通过常规H.E染色及凋亡细胞检测技术对小鼠毒鼠强急、慢性中毒后脑、心、肝、肾等器官的病理学改变进行系统研究,并对研究结果进行计算机病理学图像分析;对中毒实验组的小鼠上述器官检材进行毒物分析。结果慢性中毒组小鼠在中毒后的不同时间段内,脑、心、肝、肾等器官凋亡细胞数均高于正常对照组及急性中毒致死组,且同一器官的凋亡细胞数在不同中毒时间段内有所差异,差别均有显著性;不同器官的凋亡细胞数的峰值在不同中毒时间段内亦有所不同。急性中毒组小鼠各器官的毒物分析结果为阳性,慢性中毒组均为阴性。结论慢性毒鼠强中毒,在临床症状不明显及法医毒物分析难以检测的情况下,应用凋亡细胞检测技术可成功检测出机体的主要器官的病理学改变,表明小剂量、慢性中毒对机体仍有一定的影响。     

Homicidal Poisoning in China Using Several Anesthetic Drugs

The authors describe a case of a well‐designed homicidal poisoning in China. A male was treated with starvation, intravenous fluids and antibiotics while in the hospital for acute diarrhea. He suddenly suffered from shortness of breath and subsequently died. A forensic autopsy was carried out, and several specimens were collected for toxicological screening. Propofol was tentatively identified in the blood by GC‐MS. Based on the presence of propofol in the blood, a suspect confessed that two other drugs, namely midazolam and vecuronium, were involved in this murder. Analytical drug quantification was then performed by GC‐MS and LC‐MS/MS. Blood analysis revealed the following: propofol at 0.5 μg/mL, midazolam at 0.098 μg/mL, and vecuronium at 0.10 μg/mL. These results suggest that the cause of death was respiratory depression due to the acute combined effect of several anesthetic drugs administered by the victim's companion.     

大鼠血液中HbCO随吸入CO浓度和时间的变化

目的研究不同一氧化碳(carbon monoxide,CO)浓度下中毒大鼠的行为学特征、存活时间、碳氧血红蛋白(carboxyhemoglobin,HbCO)饱和度变化规律,为法医学实践中CO中毒死亡案件提供实验依据。方法将160只SD大鼠随机分为4组。自制染毒装置,使大鼠分别在CO浓度为1 250、3 750、6 250 mg/m~3及持续通入CO状态下染毒致死亡。观察不同CO浓度中毒大鼠的行为学特征,记录存活时间,采用分光光度法检测心血HbCO饱和度,并提取脑、心脏、肺、肝等器官进行组织病理学观察。结果 CO中毒大鼠的行为学特征表现为肢体瘫软、反应迟钝。随着CO浓度的升高,大鼠存活时间逐渐缩短,心血HbCO饱和度逐渐升高。在CO浓度为1 250 mg/m~3条件下,发现3例心血HbCO饱和度明显低于致死饱和度,其余各组未发现心血HbCO饱和度低于致死饱和度的情况。结论建立的不同浓度下CO中毒死亡动物模型,操作简单,重复性好,为进一步研究CO中毒及其他吸入性有毒气体的法医学研究奠定了基础。