Tenax GR吸附解析技术在火场汽油残留物提取检验中的应用研究

目的针对火灾现场常规提取检验方法操作复杂、容易导致汽油残留物有效成分丢失等问题,研究建立采用Tenax GR吸附解析技术简便、高效提取检验汽油残留物的方法。方法将Tenax GR吸附管放入相关检材中,密封后在60℃烘箱中加热1h,经热脱附仪解析后使用气质联用仪分析。结果Tenax GR吸附解析技术可以检验汽油残留物中特征组分,主要包括甲苯、二甲基苯、三甲基苯、四甲基苯、萘、甲基萘及茚满类化合物。该技术的检测限为0.25pL/mL,同时放入6根吸附管做稳定性实验,其相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.43%。该技术进行7、15、30、60、90d等不同阶段的保存实验,其相对偏差分别为6.3%、14.4%、8.7%、18.3%、11.6%。结论该技术操作方便、灵敏度高、稳定性好,适用于火灾现场中汽油残留物的提取检验。     

Using Alkylate Components for Classifying Gasoline in Fire Debris Samples

The characteristic that discriminates gasoline from other ignitable liquids is that it contains high‐octane blending components. This study elaborates on the idea that the presence of gasoline in fire debris samples should be based on the detection of known high‐octane blending components. The potential of the high‐octane blending component alkylate as a characteristic feature for gasoline detection and identification in fire debris samples is explored. We have devised characteristic features for the detection of alkylate and verified the presence of alkylate in a large collection of gasoline samples from petrol stations in the Netherlands. Alkylate was detected in the vast majority of the samples. It is demonstrated that alkylate can be detected in fire debris samples that contain traces of gasoline by means of routine GC‐MS methods. Detection of alkylate, alongside other gasoline blend components, results in a more solid foundation for gasoline detection and identification in fire debris samples.     

火场样品中汽油与稀释剂燃烧残留物的区分方法探讨

目的探讨火场样品中汽油与稀释剂燃烧残留物的区分方法。方法样品用ATD—GC—MS法检验,检验结果通过对芳烃、烷烃、茚满、和萘系列的4个特征离子色谱图与已知汽油和稀释剂作比较,并结合向量夹角法计算样品与汽油色谱指纹图的相似度来区分汽油与稀释剂残留物。结果个别品种的稀释剂燃烧残留物与汽油很相似,但彼此有某些差别。结论使用本方法,一般能将汽油与稀释剂燃烧残留物区分开。     

Methyl tert‐Butyl Ether (MTBE) Detected in Abnormally High Concentrations in Postmortem Blood and Urine from Two Persons Found Dead Inside a Car Containing a Gasoline Spill

Two deep frozen persons, a female and a male, were found dead in a car. There had been an explosive fire inside the car which had extinguished itself. On the floor inside the car were large pools of liquid which smelled of gasoline. The autopsy findings and routine toxicological analyses could not explain the cause of death. Carboxyhemoglobin levels in the blood samples were <10%. Analysis with a headspace gas chromatography revealed methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) concentrations of 185 mg/L (female victim) and 115 mg/L (male victim) in peripheral blood. The urine MTBE concentrations were 150 mg/L and 256 mg/L, respectively. MTBE is a synthetic chemical which is added to gasoline as a fuel oxygenate. Gasoline poisoning is likely to be the cause of the death in these two cases, and MTBE can be a suitable marker of gasoline exposure, when other volatile components have vaporized.     

应用SPME-GL／MS检测放火现场中助燃剂的研究

运用GC/MS拜利用自制的萃取、加热装置,研究在纵火现场助燃剂一汽油、煤油、柴油检测中固相微萃取的萃取温度和萃取时间对检测灵敏度的影响,确定了适于实际检案中采用的萃取时间和萃取温度.此法测定汽油、煤油、柴油的检出限分别为0.65 pl/ml、1.63pl/ml和1.63 pl/ml.     

超快速气相色谱电子鼻分析技术在汽油标号判定中的应用研究

目的采用电子鼻（超快速气相色谱仪）对汽油样品分析。方法用主成分分析法（PCA）对样品中的色谱峰进行数据处理并建立模型,对不同汽油标号（90#、93#、97#）进行归类和判定。气体顶空进样/快速气相色谱法主要条件：进样体积500μL;进样口温度250℃;进样时间5s;数据采集时间5min;热脱附温度280℃;程序温度40℃（30s）-1℃/s-280℃（30s）;FID温度280℃。结论利用超快速气相色谱和电子鼻指纹分析技术,可以用于未知汽油样本的定性和汽油标号判定。     

Survey of American (USA) Gasolines (2008)

The regulations for gasoline's content vary depending on the time of year and physical location within the United States while the refinery and distribution system mixes product batches; this results in variability of content. ASTM E1618 requires both the aromatic and alkane EIP patterns of gasoline to compare with references. A survey was conducted by collecting gasoline from Florida to Oregon, from 85 to 93 octane. Samples were analyzed in accordance with ASTM E1618 in various states of evaporation. The range of differences found in the 90% evaporated alkane EIPs is presented and showed a continuum of response when the n-alkane response was compared with the branched alkane response. Similarly, the ratio of the alkane EIP to the aromatic EIP also showed a continuum of response at the 90% evaporated state. Gasoline samples with unusual characteristics are also discussed.     

LPG汽车发展与技术

就我国LPG汽车的发展状态和制约LPG汽车发展的因素和对策做了论述 ,并对LPG/汽油双燃料汽车中的一个非常关键的技术问题———LPG汽车的专用装置和汽车原汽油发动机的匹配问题做了详细的探讨和分析     

Fatal Acute Poisoning from Massive Inhalation of Gasoline Vapors: Case Report and Comparison with Similar Cases

We describe a case of an acute lethal poisoning with hydrocarbons resulting from massive accidental inhalation of gasoline vapors. The victim, a 50‐year‐old man was found unconscious inside a control room for the transport of unleaded fuel. Complete autopsy was performed and showed evidence of congestion and edema of the lungs. Toxicological investigation was therefore fundamental to confirm exposure to fumes of gasoline. Both venous and arterial blood showed high values of volatiles in particular for benzene (39.0 and 30.4 μg/mL, respectively), toluene (23.7 and 20.4 μg/mL), and xylene isomers (29.8 and 19.3 μg/mL). The relatively low values found in the lungs are consistent with the fact that the subject, during the rescue, underwent orotracheal intubation followed by resuscitation techniques, while the low concentrations for all substances found in urine and kidneys could point to a death that occurred in a very short time after first contact with the fumes of gasoline.     

Stuck in First Gear?

正Chinese automakers have a long way to go before catching up with their foreign rivals Tianjin,a major industrial city along the western coast of Bohai Bay in north China,has become a new foothold for domestic automaker Hawtai Motor Group’s business expansion.Before its production facilities in Tianjin went into operation on May 28,the company had already established manufacturing bases in Shandong