口蹄疫O-A-AsiaⅠ型三价灭活疫苗免疫效力和最小免疫剂量的研究

为确定口蹄疫O-A-AsiaⅠ型三价灭活疫苗的安全性和免疫效果,按OIE口蹄疫疫苗效检标准和我国口蹄疫灭活疫苗质量标准,对实验室条件下制备的4批疫苗进行了安全性试验、免疫效力试验、免疫持续期试验、疫苗保存期试验和最小免疫剂量试验。结果显示,4批疫苗均对靶动物和实验动物安全,无任何毒副反应;对O、A、AsiaⅠ型口蹄疫的平均免疫效力分别为4.73、6.84和8.10 PD50/头份;一次接种的有效免疫期达6个月;2~8℃下的疫苗保存期为12个月;适宜的免疫剂量为,6月龄以上牛每头3.0 mL,6月龄以下牛每头1.5 mL。该疫苗对接种动物安全,免疫效果良好,一次接种可同时预防O、A、AsiaⅠ型3个血清型的口蹄疫。     

仔猪水肿病多价蜂胶灭活疫苗免疫原性的研究

用自制的仔猪水肿病多价蜂胶灭活疫苗免疫 2 0日龄未接种过同类疫苗的健康长白杂交仔猪 ,7d后用大肠埃希氏菌湖北地方分离株及O138、O139、O14 1标准株进行攻击试验。结果表明 ,免疫剂量为 0 .5 0mL/头 (含菌 30× 10 8CFU)免疫效果最好 ,免疫 7d后血清抗体几何凝集效价为1∶6 40 ,保护率达 10 0 %。     

ELISA抗体水平评价口蹄疫灭活疫苗免疫效果的可行性分析

为了探讨免疫抗体评价口蹄疫灭活疫苗效果的可行性,分别用5批次的口蹄疫O型-亚洲1型二价灭活疫苗(OS/99株+JSL/06株)、5批次的猪口蹄疫O型灭活疫苗(OZK/93株+OS/99株)免疫动物,在攻毒的同时采血分离血清,用液相阻断ELISA测定抗体效价,以分析抗体效价与免疫保护的关系。统计学分析表明,二价灭活疫苗的O型免疫抗体值与攻毒保护率(概率单位)之间呈正相关关系(P<0.01),相关系数为0.986;亚洲1型免疫抗体值与攻毒保护率(概率单位)之间呈正相关关系(P<0.05),相关系数为0.997,猪口蹄疫O型灭活疫苗免疫抗体值与攻毒保护率(概率单位)之间不呈正相关关系(P>0.05)。结果表明,应用抗体水平评价二价灭活疫苗的免疫效果是完全可行的,但用其评价猪O型灭活疫苗的免疫效果不具有可行性。     

鸡新城疫油乳剂灭活疫苗免疫效果的研究

本试验根据国内外学者的有关研究,自制了鸡新城疫油乳剂灭活疫苗(简称油苗),油苗与Ⅱ系或Ⅳ系弱毒疫苗同时应用于带母源抗体的1日龄雏鸡,较好地克服了母源抗体的干扰,获得了理想的免疫效果。Ⅱ系 油苗组免疫后60日龄内,Ⅳ系 油苗组免疫后90日龄内,HI抗体效价在4 log_2 X以上,攻毒保护率为100％;Ⅱ系 油苗组免疫后90日龄,HI效价为3 log2 X,攻毒保护率为80％,其免疫效果远远高于油苗单独免疫及Ⅱ系疫苗对1日龄或9日龄雏鸡的免疫。在农村推广应用油苗与弱毒疫苗同时免疫孵坊内的1日龄雏鸡,可避免雏鸡因母源抗体水平高低悬殊而造成的单用弱毒疫苗的初免失败,又克服了在7～15日龄时,鸡己分散到千家万户,使免疫很难进行的缺点。既提高了免疫密度,又提高了免疫效果。油苗对经免青年鸡及成年鸡的免疫,其HI抗体效价高于Ⅰ系弱毒疫苗免疫鸡3～4个倍比滴度,且能在较长时间内处于高免疫水平状态。免疫后390天,HI效价还在4 1og_2X以上,攻毒保护率100％。疫苗原胚液经4～40倍稀释后制成油苗,免疫鸡仍能达到或超过Ⅰ系疫苗的免疫水平。     

Dot-PPA-ELISA对猪丹毒的免疫监测及抗体保护效价的测定

用猪瘟、猪肺疫、猪丹毒三联疫苗和猪丹毒 1a、2型氢氧化铝吸附甲醛灭活疫苗分别免疫断奶仔猪 ,采用Dot PPA ELISA监测免疫猪血清抗体变化。结果 ,弱毒疫苗免疫后第 7d猪丹毒血清抗体效价开始升高 ,第 2～ 3周达最高值 ;灭活疫苗免疫后第 3～ 4周抗体效价达最高值 ,且灭活疫苗免疫猪的抗体水平明显高于三联疫苗免疫猪。免疫 6周后 ,用C4 30 0 4 (1a型 )、C4 3179(1b型 )和C4 3 12 (2型 ) 3株不同血清型的猪丹毒混合强毒同时对不同抗体效价的免疫猪和对照猪进行了皮肤内接种攻毒 ,并根据其皮肤和体温反应确定 1∶32为猪能抵抗混合强毒攻击的抗体保护效价。经对 4 4头 5 0～ 6 0日龄未免疫的断奶仔猪血清检测 ,其抗体效价在 1∶32以下的猪占88.36 % ,2 78头免疫猪血清的抗体效价在 1∶32或以上的猪占 92 .81%。表明Dot PPA ELISA适用于猪群猪丹毒的免疫监测和免疫力测定。     

不同佐剂对猪圆环病毒2型灭活抗原免疫效果的影响

为了筛选到能有效提高猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)灭活抗原免疫原性的佐剂,将ISA206、ISA15A、GEL、CP934、CP940五种佐剂与PCV2灭活抗原混合,配制疫苗后,进行小鼠免疫试验及猪体攻毒保护性试验。小鼠免疫试验结果显示,ISA206和ISA15A组的ELISA抗体、中和抗体水平和淋巴细胞转化试验刺激指数都显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05),但ISA206组与ISA15A之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。猪体攻毒保护试验结果显示,ISA206组的ELISA抗体水平、中和抗体水平明显高于其他组(包括ISA15A组)(P<0.01),二免后ISA206免疫组淋巴细胞转化试验刺激指数与ISA15A组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于其他组(P<0.01)。攻毒后,ISA206组仔猪相对日增重高于其他各组(P<0.01),体内带毒和体外排毒的仔猪数量最少(各2头)、持续时间最短(分别在第11天和第7天消失)。病理切片显微观察显示,攻毒后ISA206组的组织病理变化最为轻微。上述结果说明,佐剂ISA206配制的疫苗免疫效果明显优于其他佐剂疫苗。     

猪瘟威胁区猪场仔猪免疫程序的探讨

对猪瘟威胁区仔猪不同首免日龄、不同免疫剂量及不同免疫次数的免疫效果进行比较。结果显示 ,仔猪 2 8日龄首免比 2 5日龄首免的抗体水平略高 ;首免剂量 2头份仔猪的免疫效果不及 4头份和 6头份的仔猪 ;2 8日龄首免 4头份、5 5日龄二免 2～ 4头份 ,免疫仔猪的抗体阳性率和抗体效价均较高 ,抗体持续期亦较长 ,3 5日龄一次免疫 4头份仔猪的免疫效果不稳定 ,平均抗体效价低于 1∶16。在猪瘟威胁区以 2 8日龄首免 4头份、5 5日龄二免 2头份的免疫程序免疫效果较为可靠     

猪流行性腹泻和传染性胃肠炎弱毒二联疫苗免疫抗体应答的研究

用猪流行性腹泻 (PED)和传染性胃肠炎 (TGE)弱毒二联疫苗 (下称二联苗 )免疫PED和TGE抗体阴性的妊娠母猪 ,仔猪出生后第 7、14、2 1和 2 8d抽取仔猪血样用微量血清中和试验检测血清抗体。结果 ,免疫母猪所产仔猪通过哺乳获得了相当高的血清抗体 ,在出生后第 7d时接近母体的中和抗体水平 ,并随日龄增大而下降。二联苗免疫母猪所生仔猪和相同株的PED、TGE疫苗株免疫母猪所生仔猪的血清抗体变化基本相似。用二联苗免疫PED和TGE抗体阴性的 10日龄仔猪 ,并于免疫后以 7d的间隔 ( 1月龄内 )或半月 ( 1月龄后 )间隔采取血样进行血清抗体检测。结果 ,用二联苗免疫抗体阴性的 10日龄仔猪 ,抗体在免疫后第 2 1d(TGE)或第 2 8d(PED)达到最高值 ,但抗体下降缓慢 ,在免疫后第 5月 ,免疫猪血清中仍能检测出抗体。相同弱毒株的PED和TGE疫苗免疫组的结果与之基本相同。提示 ,PED和TGE弱毒株联合免疫在诱导妊娠母猪和小猪产生抗体以及母猪产后向哺乳仔猪传递抗体方面未见有相互影响的现象。     

O型口蹄疫疫苗免疫牛抗体消长动态的LPB-ELISA检测

分别按一次免疫、首免后第15 d加强免疫和首免后第60 d加强免疫程序,对3组试验牛(每组牛20头)用O型口蹄疫疫苗进行了免疫。免疫后不同时间点用液相阻断ELISA(LPB-ELISA)测定了免疫牛O型口蹄疫抗体效价。结果,首免后第15 d加强免疫牛和第60 d加强免疫牛抗体水平较高,50%保护牛所占比例分别为56.3%和63.1%,完全受保护的牛所占比例分别为34.3%和29.5%。第60 d加强免疫牛的保护率要高于第15 d加强免疫牛和一次免疫牛的保护率。结果表明,首免后第60 d加强免疫是最理想的免疫程序。     

新生仔猪接种猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗抗体效价的测定

我们对新生仔猪在吮吸母猪初乳之前、后,给予接种猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗,待60日龄后测定其抗猪瘟中和抗体效价,以观察母源抗体对仔猪免疫的干扰。 (一)材料和方法 1.试验猪:选自本省渭源县莲峰乡农户饲养的健康杂种母猪7头于分娩前一个月免疫注射猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗(每猪1头份量)。然后,将其所产仔猪共65头供试验用。随机分为7个组, (1)哺乳前免疫组(简称A组):给刚出生的仔猪颈部肌肉注射猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗。产     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

U.S. and East Asian Integration

the U.S. is directly impacting on the future of the East Asian community. Therefore, finding ways to get along with the U.S. is crucial to the speed, direction, configuration and character of the East Asian community. In this paper, the author has analyzed the interests of the United States in East Asia and its stands towards the East Asian integration. The author concludes that it is to the interest of the United States to make more efforts to further join in the East Asian integration. And East Asia should accept and welcome the American participation.     

CAFIU Honorary Vice-President Wang Zhizhen Visited Turkey,Sudan and Attended the Third China-Africa People's Forum

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CAFIU Delegation Visited Sri Lanka and Attended the Third China-Africa People's Forum in Sudan

正At the invitation of Sri Lanka-China Friendship Association(SLCFA)and Sudan Network for National Non-Governmental Organizations,a 5-member delegation led by CAFIU Deputy Secretary-General Liu Kaiyang visited Sri Lanka and attended the Third China-Africa People’s Forum held in Sudan from May 7 to 14,2014.As a member of this delegation,I had the great honor     

South Asian NGO Delegation Visiting China

正At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),a 10-member NGO delegation composed of representatives from media,think tanks and NGOs from Bangladesh,India and Sri Lanka visited China from April 9 to 18.On the second day of arrival,the delegation visited Xicheng District Administrative Service Center.The center provides such services as     

Building A Platform for Understanding and Establishing Channels for Cooperation——Notes on the 2014 “Understanding & Cooperation” Dialogue

正From June 16 to 18,the 2014"UnderstandingCooperation"Dialogue and Forum on Rethinking Asia,co-hosted by CAFIU and FES and jointly organized with China Foundation for Peace and Development,was held in Tutzing,a beautiful and spacious manor located at 30km southwest of Munich.Nearly 60 delegates from more than 10Asian and European countries participated in the event,including China,Germany,Korea,Japan,     

The Second Sino-US Maritime Security Workshop Held in CIIS

正On September 25-26,2014,CIIS and Hoover Institution,Stanford University jointly held the Second Sino-US Maritime Security Workshop in Beijing.CIIS President Qu Xing and Abraham Sofall,senior research fellow with the Hoover Institution,codelivered the opening remarks.Representatives from China's Ministry of National Defense,     

俄白哈关税同盟的发展及其影响（英文）

In recent years, the Eurasian Economic Community has developed rapidly. Because of the special relationship between the SCO and the Customs Because Customs Union, the latter will inevitably exert some influence on the development of the former, but they are not fundamentally contradictory. Since the of the establishment of the Customs Union, the trade between China and the Customs Union members grows steadily.     

China's Development:Implications for Asian Economy

正In 2013,under the circumstance of meager recovery and continued sluggish economic growth of the whole world,China’s economy still maintained a growth rate of 7.7 per cent and the economic aggregate jumped onto a new stage-it was predicted that the share of China’s economy in the global aggregate could exceed 12 per cent compared with only 2% in 1980.The status of China as an important global economic power has been entrenched and the rise of the manufacturing     

China's Soft Power

正"Soft Power" is a concept developed by a Harvard University professor Joseph Nye in a 1990 book Bound to Lead:The Changing Nature of American Power to describe the ability to attract and co-opt rather than coerce,get others to want the outcomes you want.