Reflections on the Guardianship and Support System of the Elderly Under the Background of an Aging Society

China Is aging society poses new challenges to guardianship system in the General Rules of the Civil Law of the People s Republic of China.The General Provisions of the Civil Law adapts to the requirements of the times and makes some important amendments and supplements to the guardianship system,notably the scope of adults with civil disability or limited capacity for civil conduct is no longer limited to people with a mental illness.However,there remain many deficiencies in the regulations.Based on the framework provisions of the existing guardianship system of the General Provisions of Civil Law,in the compilation of the marrage and family provisions in the Civil Code,it is necessary to strengthen the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly in an aging society,further improve the elderly guardianship system,including changing the single pattern of the guardianship system and improving the "dual subject" pattern of adult guardianship and adult support system,expand the scope of protected subject of guardianship,and improve the existing system of intentional custody,adult guardianship system,and guardianship and supervision system.     

论老年人任意监护制度

我国《老年人权益保障法》第26条确立了老年人任意监护制度,适应了人口老龄化问题突出、人权保障观念深化的时代背景,融入保障身心障碍者福利理念,弥补了老年人监护制度方面的立法空白.但是我国新确立的老年人任意监护制度仍存在受监护对象狭窄、缺乏具体实施办法、监护监督机制不健全等问题.针对我国老年人任意监护制度中存在的问题,该制度中关键的老年人委托监护合同与任意监护监督制度的配套规则亟需完善.     

农村留守女童父母照顾权阙如及补正——陕西省渭南市富平县H乡的个案分析

本文分析了农村留守女童父母照顾权中的居所指定权被滥用、教育权缺失、交往权阙如的情况,提出未来的《婚姻法》修订中应当规定父母照顾权,并细化父母照顾权的内容,继而在《民法典.亲属编》中分别规定父母照顾权和监护制度,使其各司其职,从而为农村留守女童权益保障提供制度支持。     

论未成年人财产权利的法律保护

我国立法对未成年人财产权利的保护主要是通过宪法、普通法及特别法三个层面实现的,但由于主要担负保护未成年人财产权利的民事法律存在的不足,导致了实践中对涉及未成年人财产权利的事件的处理不力。鉴于此,有必要通过在婚姻法中设立亲权制度以及完善《民法通则》中的监护制度来改变法律对未成年人财产权利保护不力的现状。     

解读英国2005年《意思能力法案》

以往对于成年人监护制度的规定多见于民法总论中，并常与未成年人监护在一起，规定较为粗糙。英国2005年《意思能力法案》主要针对成年人监护中的监护人主体资格，监护人权限范围，监护人的产生方式，被监护人资格，监护程序，保护法院和公共监护人相关问题进行了规定。通过介绍《意思能力法案》，比较我国相关制度，并在此基础上引入其先进制度，并对其进行本土化，有利于改革和完善我国的成年人监护制度。     

罗马法上的亲权及其启示

亲权是从罗马法中家父权发展出来的制度，我国的监护制度吸收了罗马法上的亲权制度。我国亲权和监护制度分别由不同法律规定的立法体系，既造成法律体系缺乏系统性，还造成两种制度规范的混同与重复。通过设立亲权制度，可以使父母子女关系规定避免过于简单。将亲权和监护权分开设计，有利于明确父母对子女的权利义务，对父母滥用权利进行约束，从而更好地保护未成年子女的合法权益。应建立和完善我国的亲权制度，从法律制度上把亲权和监护分开。     

儿童权利的法律呵护--读吴鹏飞著《儿童权利一般理论研究》

儿童权利理论研究领域中的新篇大作———吴鹏飞先生的《儿童权利一般理论研究》,最近由中国政法大学出版社出版发行。书中明确了儿童权利概念的内涵与外延,拓展和深化了儿童权利研究的范围,有力地回应了我国儿童权利理论与实践所面临的困境。著作以儿童为本位,从宪法学人权理论入手,站在权利哲学的高度,基于全球视野,对儿童权利理论进行的基础性研究的新理念、多视角、落脚点等值得理论与实务界高度重视。     

China's Criminal Law Reform from the Perspective of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights reflects the world's perception of human rights, and is of vital importance in the field of international human rights. The Covenant has been signed by Chinese government. Although not ratified yet, it will definitely have an impact on the reform of China's Criminal Law. Therefore, it is necessary to further change our notion of the criminal law system by defining the boundary between public power and civil rights and developing the view of human rights protection. In terms of the specific system, it is necessary to further reduce the number of crimes punishable by the death penalty and limit the application of the death sentence, improve China's Criminal Procedural Law to protect the fundamental rights of suspects and defendants in terms of compulsory measures, investigation means and judicial form, and add some charges like enslavement and illegal human experimentation, which are criminalized around the world, so as to be in line with the requirements of international human rights protection.     

对民事法律行为概念的质疑

<中华人民共和国民法通则>第54条关于民事法律行为概念的定位,给我国民事理论和实务带来混乱.基于对法律行为的内涵的正确认识,合法性不应是民事法律行为的必备要件,而只是评价已经实施的民事法律行为的法律后果的考量要素.民事法律行为是民事主体基于意思表示设立、变更和终止民事权利义务的行为.     

我国未成年人监护制度研究

目前,我国在未成年人监护制度上存在着社会认知程度低、立法与社会发展脱节等诸多问题。随着经济发展,我国社会开始进入复杂多变的转型期,社会稳定性不断降低。大量的未成年人开始处于无人监护或者不合格的监护状态下,各种损害未成年人合法权益的案件时有发生。如何保障我国未成年人的合法权益,使青少年能在安全适当的监护环境下健康成长,已成为我国未成年人保护方面的重要课题。     

Dignity:the Overlap of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Traditional Chinese Culture

Human dignity is the fundamental concept of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and serves as the theoretical backbone for the international human rights system. Chinese culture has an excellent tradition of treasuring the dignity and value of people. The provisions on dignity in the Declaration can find their historical origins in traditional Chinese culture. The dignity of people has a supreme status and value in traditional Chinese culture. Chinese "etiquette" culture has a long tradition of respecting the dignity of people.Achieving benevolence through etiquette is the basic way to protect human dignity. Etiquette in ancient China was constrained by inequality and historical limitations, but it also had the elements of respecting or honoring others, and had the practical function of respecting, maintaining and achieving human dignity. The effective implementation of etiquette requires the fulfillment of people's basic needs. Progressing from xiao kang(moderate prosperity) to da tong(great harmony) is the process of approaching the human rights standards of human dignity and equal rights that all nations and all peoples should strive to achieve.     

新刑诉法视角下律师在场制度与合适成年人参与制度之比较

在未成年人司法实践中,针对律师在场与合适成年人参与是否可以合二为一的问题存在许多争议,律师是否可以作为合适成年人是争议的主要焦点。笔者结合新刑诉法,对律师在场制度与合适成年人参与制度的概念、联系、区别进行了详细的比较,从权利属性、适用范围、人员条件、作用、工作方式、可行度六方面阐述了两种制度的区别。     

论单位犯罪的认定

修定后的刑法在总则中对单位犯罪作了科学的界定,在分则上对法律规定为单位犯罪的行为作了列举.但是由于总则条文简化、法条的容量有限,导致司法人员对单位犯罪的构成要件存在不同的理解和认识,因而发生不同的司法区域在认定单位犯罪上得出相差悬殊乃至于完全不同的结果.文章依据以往对单位犯罪的司法解释和司法实践,从单位犯罪的概念及构成方面论证了如何认定单位犯罪.     

从精神损害赔偿的司法解释中谈对隐私权的保护

隐私权的概念已诞生一百多年了,但目前我国对隐私权的保护还未形成一个完整体系。本文拟就隐私权的产生发展、含义内容、与相关权利关系、侵害隐私权的责任构成及保护方式等方面对隐私权以阐述,并简要分析了我国对隐私权民法保护的发展历程,以期待隐私最终能成为我国民法上的一种独立的人格权。     

论捕后羁押必要性审查机制之构建

刑事司法实践中"一捕到底"、"久押不决"、"不当羁押"等现象时有发生,严重背离了羁押的初衷,侵害了被羁押人的合法权利。修改后的刑诉法在对现行羁押措施进行重新审视之余,确立羁押必要性审查制度,承继了尊重和保障人权的刑事诉讼原则,填补了我国在羁押救济规则方面的立法空白,强化了检察机关对诉讼活动的法律监督,防止超期羁押和不当羁押的发生,也有力地保障了被羁押人的合法权益。但是,新刑诉法过于原则性的规定,制约了捕后羁押必要性审查的实际操作,使其成为毫无强制力和生命力的"摆设"。因此,无论是从被羁押人权利保障的角度,还是从公安司法机关权力相互制约的角度,都需要对捕后羁押必要性审查机制进行严密的设计,以增强该机制的司法适用功效。     

Judicial Protection of Internet Privacy: Subject of Tort,Standard and Forms of Liability

As one of the basic human rights, and one confirmed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the right to privacy has been written into China's General Principles of Civil Law and Tort Law. However, in judicial practice, there has been no unified standard in defining a tort of privacy, especially a tort of internet privacy. With the increasing popularity of the internet, torts of internet privacy are becoming more and more rampant and severe. Focusing on "internet hunts", a common tort of internet privacy, this paper examines how to affirm a tortious act of internet privacy, as well as forms of liability. It also expounds the practical judicial issues such as the object of prosecution trials.     

合适成年人到场制度的实践与理论完善

新《刑事诉讼法》第270条突破了原《刑事诉讼法》的法定代理人到场制度,将“合适成年人到场制度”正式入法,对保护涉罪未成年人的合法权益和实现程序正义,具有重要意义.但目前该制度仅仅是原则性规定,对合适成年人的主体范围、选任、权利义务及经费、组织保障等方面存在诸多缺陷,需要进一步以制度的形式进行明确和完善.     

论保护私人财产的法律制度的完善

江泽民在党的十六大报告中明确提出要“完善保护私人财产的法律制度”,引起了公众的极大关注。本文作者从私人财产法律制度的发展历史,我国私人财产的法律制度完善面临的问题以及如何完善保护私人财产的法律制度提出了自己的构想。     

Protecting Human Rights Development with Application of the Rule of Law:From the Perspective of New Development Concept

The rule of law plays an important role in promoting the development of human rights. The five development concept introduced by The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18 th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China carry the connotation of rule of law and play an important role in guiding the promotion of Chinese human rights. The question of how to adopt the five development concept in the process of protecting human rights through the thinking mode of the rule of law is the focus both in the academic circles and among the practical people. This article tries to analyze how to improve Chinese human rights development through the application of the rule of law under the guidance of the five development concepts.     

New Understanding of the Socialist Human Rights Concept with Chinese Characteristics and its Practice: An Overview of the International Conference on the International Cooperation in Human Rights and the Chinese Perspective

The International Conference on the International Cooperation in Human Rights and the Chinese Perspective organized by the Institute of International Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, took place in Beijing, China from October 22-23, 2016. Both Chinese and foreign human rights experts convened to exchange their opinions on the new development of the human rights theories and practices, especially from the Chinese perspective. The socialist concept on human rights with Chinese characteristics was discussed intensively during the meeting and new terms such as "the Human Rights Model of the South" and "the Human Rights Perspective of the South" were raised. The participants interpreted and summed up the experiences and features of the Chinese socialist human rights cause. The drafting and implementation of the Chinese National Human Rights Action Plans and the progress in the promotion of rule of law in China were mentioned. They highly valued the constructive roles played by China in the international human rights cooperation field, especially under the United Nations(UN) human rights regime and for the implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.