33.15及33.6探针对中国人DNA指纹图的研究

目的 统计用３３．１５及３３．６探针对中国人进行ＤＮＡ指纹图检验的群体调查资料，为实际案件的检验提供理论依据。方法 应用３３．１５及３３．６探针为中国北京地区无关群体的血液进行ＤＮＡ指纹图分析。结果 应用３３．１５探针检验１５人的ＤＮＡ指纹图，无关个体间相关机率为１．０３×１０＾－１５，两无关个体间出现同一谱带的平均概率０．１７６；应用３３．６探针检验１９人的ＤＮＡ指纹图，无关个体间相关机率为１．     

JL-02多位点探针DNA指纹的法医学应用研究

以自制的JL－02探针进行了DNA指纹分析，对北京地区无关个体进行了调查，计算出任意两无关个体的偶合机率为6．6×10－15；家系分析表明，谱带在亲代与子代间的传递符合孟德尔遗传规律；同一个体不同组织的DNA指纹图相同；混合斑精子DNA指纹图与相应男性血液DNA指纹图完全相同；该探针对0．5μg的基因组DNA杂交，可获得清晰可辩的DNA指纹图。证明了新探针适用于法医物证检验中的个人同一认定及亲子鉴定。     

DNA指纹技术在强奸案和亲子鉴定中的应用

在同一张膜上测定了18例无关个体血样,并计算出α-珠蛋白-3'HVR探针DNA指纹图的相关机率为4.0×10~(-12),平均每条谱带的相关机率为0.21。用此探针检验的14起强奸案和6起亲子鉴定案均获得肯定的结论。     

DNA指纹图在法医学鉴定中应用的研究(Ⅰ)

应用 MYO DNA 探针对中国人进行了 DNA 遗传指纹图检验。从两个家系16人及100个无关个体中取肘静脉血提取 DNA,用限制性内切酶 HinfⅠ或 HaeⅢ水解,1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离,经 Southern印迹转移,MYO DNA 探针杂交,获得了清晰可辨的 DNA 指纹图谱。结果每个个体在3.0Kb 以上均能检出10条以上杂交区带,个体间的相关概率<4×10~(-9),由杂交区带构成的图谱是个体特异的,杂交区带遵循孟德尔的显性遗传方式由亲代向子代遗传;具有 DNA Fingerprints 的特点。对两起亲子鉴定的案例进行指纹图检验,孩子所存在的杂交区带,除来自母亲外,其余可在嫌疑父亲带中找到,肯定了孩子与嫌疑人的父子关系。MYO DNA 探针在亲子鉴定与个人识别的法医学鉴定中有着重要的实用价值。     

DNA技术在法医学上的应用(续)

<正> 四、DNA指纹用于个体识别因DNA具有高度多态性,因此不同个体DNA指纹图各不相同,可以进行个体识别。下面以Jeffreys的33.15DNA探针做DNA指纹图为例,说明DNA指纹图的个体识别作用。取20名随机个体DNA,以HinfI消化,Southern印迹后与33.15探针杂交,得每个人DNA指纹图。然后做相邻两个体指纹图比较,将20个个体图中区带数全部算出,取平均值、并计算标准差。然后根据相邻个体共存区带数,求出等位基     

用非放射性标记MYO探针进行DNA指纹分析

用非放射性标记ＭＹＯ探针进行人的ＤＮＡ指纹分析，获得了清晰易读的ＤＮＡ指纹图，并用该方法调查了云南省的７８名无关个体，经统计学分析，计算出无关个体的相关几率是３．４×１０－１０，高于３２Ｐ标记的Ｍｙｏ探针。研究结果表明该方法是一种简便、快速、灵敏、可靠、经济的ＤＮＡ指纹图检测技术，可在法医鉴定及其它领域里得到更广泛的应用。     

DNA指纹技术在亲子鉴定中的应用

用非放射性标记α－珠蛋白－３＇ＨＶＲ探针在低强度洗涤条件下，对人的ＤＮＡ指纹进行了分析，获得了清晰易读的ＤＮＡ指纹图。并用该方法调查了云南省的７８名无关个体，经统计学分析，计算出无关个体的相关机率是２．４×１０－４。用该方法进行亲子鉴定，获得了满意的结果，用ＨｉｎｆⅠ和ＨｅａⅢ两种内切酶酶切，解决了子代陌生带问题，用该方法对二十余起亲权纠纷案进行了鉴定，证明该方法稳定、结果可靠，父权肯定机率均在９９．９％以上。     

HRP标记α—珠蛋白—3‘HVR探针进行DNA指纹分析的法医学应用研究

用ＨＲＰ标记α－珠蛋白－３ＨＶＲ ＤＮＡ探针，化学光增强法检测，获得清晰易读的ＤＮＡ指纹图，分析２１名广东地区无关个体的ＤＮＡ指纹图，平均每个个体有１９．７条谱带，灵敏度接近同位素＾３２Ｐ标记探针的水平，两个我关个体间出现同一谱带的相关 率为０．２１９。将此方法用于亲子鉴定，取得了令人满意的结果。     

HRP标记α-珠蛋白-3′HVR探针进行DNA指纹分析的法医学应用研究

用ＩＩＲＰ标记α－珠蛋白－３′ＨＶＲＤＮＡ探针，化学光增强法检测，获得清晰易读的ＤＮＡ指纹图、分析引名广东地区无关个体的ＤＮＡ指纹图、平均每个个体有１９７条谱带，灵敏度接近同位素３２Ｐ标记探针的水平．两个无关个体间出现同一谱带的相关率为０．２１９。将此方法用于亲子鉴定，取得了令人满意的结果。     

DNA指纹图在法医学鉴定中应用的研究(Ⅱ)——应用‘Myo’小卫星探针进行血斑、精斑、个体组织的个体认定

应用‘Myo’小卫星 DNA 探针,Southern 印迹杂交技术,对血斑、精斑、同一个体不同组织进行 DNA 指纹图分析,均获得清晰的图谱。同一个体的血斑与血液、精斑与精液以及不同的组织其 DNA 指纹图谱完全相同。可以根据斑痕或组织与嫌疑个体的血液或某一组织 DNA 的指纹图谱比对以做出同一认定。50μl 血液量的血斑、5μl 精液量的精斑可以获得清晰易辨的指纹图谱。五年的精斑、两年的血斑亦可做出与同源个体新鲜精液、血液完全一致的 DNA 指纹图谱。对杀人、强奸杀人、碎尸等不同案件的血痕、精斑、不同组织碎块进行了 DNA 指纹图检验,均做出了正确的个体认定。本方法的应用为我国法医物证检验提供了新的分析手段,使个体认定得以实现。     

p33.4位点扩增片段长度多态性及其法医学应用的研究

以聚合酶链反应（PCR）、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直电泳和银染法对中国100名无关个体小卫星区域p33．4位点的扩增片段长度多态性（Amp－FLPs）进行了研究，检出了8个等位基因。通过BIOTRAC系统进行数据处理．各等位基因重复单位的数目分别为7、10到15，其中在13～14之间发现一差值不足一个重复单位长度的罕见等位基因。片段长度分布于603～1115bP之间，基因频率分布于0.5～33．5％间，杂合度为64％，DP值为84．5％。对5个家庭25名相关个体进行分析，符合孟德尔遗传定律；对同一个体不同组织的DNA进行P33.4位点的分型研究表明，该技术适宜于法医物证检验。此外，本研究以Chelex处理不同检材制备DNA模板用于扩增，率先建立了比常规方法更快、更简便、更为实用的检验方法。     

An ambiguous sequence-based allele of SE33

SE33 was a well-known autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) marker that was high polymorphic and therefore was high discrimination power. The sequence structure of STR markers has been increasingly explored with next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. The sequencing resulted in the development of a new locus designation and allele nomenclature that was also backward compatible with the conventional capillary electrophoresis. SE33 was one of the STR markers that had been coamplified by Forenseq™ Signature Prep Kit (Verogen) but were not analyzed and illustrated in the Universal Analysis Software (UAS) (Verogen). This study reported an ambiguous sequence-based allele 16.3 of the SE33 locus. This allele was observed while analyzed by STRait Razor 3.0. The configuration file was modified from the previous studies to include 15 bp of 5′ flanking region and 24 bp of 3′ flanking region. The ambiguous allele was called 16.3 (106 bp) with a read count of 2070. However, the sequence of the repeat region cannot be designated as allele 16.3. Several possible scenarios for allele designation were presented and discussed.     

The single most polymorphic STR Locus: SE33 performance in U.S. populations

The STR locus SE33 (ACTBP2) located on chromosome 6 (6q14) is arguably the most polymorphic marker examined thus far by the forensic community with a heterozygosity of >0.95 in some populations. Three different primer sets were utilized in this study in order to assess the possibilities of primer binding site mutations. Population variation was measured in 460 U.S. Caucasian, 445 African American, 336 Hispanic, and 202 Asian samples along with mutation rates from almost 400 father–son pairs. In addition, the 10 genomic DNA components in NIST Standard Reference Material SRM 2391b were sequenced and found to exhibit a variety of additional base changes, insertions, and deletions outside of the SE33 repeat region.     

IL-33在小鼠皮肤创伤后损伤时间推断中的作用

目的通过观察白细胞介素-33(interleukin-33,IL-33)在皮肤创伤后的时序性变化规律,探讨IL-33在法医学实践中用于损伤时间推断的应用价值。方法利用直径为5mm的圆形锉刀在小鼠背部建造皮肤损伤模型,于伤后1h、3h、6h、12h、1d、3d、5d、7d、10d取损伤处组织,对照组在与创伤组小鼠相同部位取同等大小的皮肤样本。采用苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色法观察皮肤创伤后愈合过程中的形态学变化,通过Western印迹法、免疫组织化学染色和双重免疫荧光染色法检测皮肤创伤样本IL-33的表达变化。结果Western印迹法结果显示,伤后3h,IL-33蛋白表达稍有下降,6h后IL-33蛋白表达逐渐增加,于伤后3d达峰值,随后逐渐减少。免疫组织化学染色结果显示,在对照组皮肤的表皮、毛囊、皮脂腺及真皮中固有细胞有少量IL-33阳性表达,伤后3h,IL-33阳性细胞率开始增加,伤后3d达到峰值,随后逐渐减少。双重免疫荧光染色结果显示,伤后1~3d,IL-33阳性表达细胞主要为巨噬细胞,伤后5~7d,IL-33阳性表达细胞主要为肌成纤维细胞。HE染色结果显示该皮肤损伤模型创口愈合过程符合炎症的病理学发展规律。结论IL-33有望成为法医学推断皮肤损伤时间的参考指标。     

北京地区汉族人群SE33基因座遗传多态性

SE33基因座是短串联重复序列STR基因座,位于人类6号染色体长臂,核心序列为AAAG,片段大小在203~333之间。本文对北京地区汉族人群206例无关个体的血样进行SE33基因座多态性调查,现报道如下。1材料和方法206份北京地区汉族无关个体血样。Chelex-100法提取DNA;PowerPlex SE33基因座扩增试剂盒(Promega,美国)(详见试剂盒说明)、9700基因扩增仪扩增;产物用AB I 3100基因分析仪进行分离和检测;Genescan和Genetyper软件进行结果分析。运用统计学计算通用公式[1]进行统计学分析。2结果和讨论206例无关个体的SE33基因座分型结果见表1。表1…     

短串联重复位点ACTBP2(SE33)的扩增片段长度多态性研究

应用变性聚丙烯酸胺凝胶电泳（dn－PAGE）结合银染色技术对短串联重复（STR）位点ACTBP2（SE33）的扩增片段长度多态性（Amp－FLPs）进行了研究。在210名无关中国个体中观察到了25个等位基因，等位基因频率分布在0．007～0．093之间。基因型的分布符合Hardy－Weinberg定律，个体识别能力（DP）值为0．99，杂合度（H）为98．7％。七个家系分析的结果表明，该位点的遗传符合孟德尔遗传法则，未观察到变异。对几种常见的法医物证检材的分析表明，该分型系统对DNA降解放为严重的检村适用性强，而且灵敏度高（0．5ng），适合于法医学实际应用。     

Contents Volume 33

Volume Contents

Contents Volume 33     

Employment preservation vs. creditors’ repayment under bankruptcy law: The French dilemma?

The paper investigates the French dilemma associated with court administered resolution of corporate financial distress. In such a legal system, the courts seek a double objective: maintaining job positions through continuation, and determining the best outcome for the claimants. We discuss this dilemma empirically, using a unique sample of bankruptcy files on French SMEs. We address successively three critical questions. First, we highlight the determinants of the final bankruptcy outcome (continuation through reorganization or sale, or piecemeal liquidation): does continuation (the most employment-friendly outcome) depend on the firm's characteristics, and/or on the way the procedure is managed? Second, we study the determinants of the creditors’ recovery rates: do the courts play an active role in increasing recoveries? Third, we address the dilemma directly by focusing on sales as a going concern. We model the court administered selection process between rival buyout offers: do the courts balance the social content against the financial content of each offer? Is there an explicit arbitrage between employment preservation and creditor recoveries? Our main results are: (1) the French courts actively work to facilitate continuation against liquidation, and thus play a role in employment preservation. Besides, we find continuation is more likely to prevail when default is an outcome of specific difficulties (outlets, finance, and production). (2) We confirm the Radulovic (2008) findings: the global recovery rate mainly depends on the firm's ex ante characteristics at the time of triggering, while the way the procedure is managed by the court has little impact. Similarly to LoPucki and Doherty (2007), continuation via reorganization does not generate lower recovery rates on average than the other outcomes. (3) Last, the courts’ choice between rival buyout offers confirms that social considerations prevail in the arbitration. Yet, the courts still consider financial issues as well (a higher sale price increases the chances that an offer is selected), but without clear connection with the amount of due claims (one direct consequence is a moderate recovery rate on sales).