高分辨质谱非靶向筛查芬太尼类新精神活性物质

目的 基于超高效液相色谱串联四级杆轨道阱质谱（UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS）技术,建立芬太尼类新精神活性物质的非靶向筛查方法。方法 使用数据依赖采集（Data Dependent Acquisition,DDA）模式获取10种芬太尼类化合物的MS/MS谱图,找出特征子离子。建立隔离窗口为m/z 10的数据非依赖采集（Data Independent Acquisition,DIA）方法,探究特征子离子在血浆、尿液、唾液和毛发样本中的特异性。结果 获得8种芬太尼类化合物的高分辨率和高灵敏度特征子离子m/z 105.069 9和m/z 188.143 5,发现m/z 188.143 5在血浆、尿液、唾液和毛发样本中均具有更好的特异性,可作为芬太尼类新精神活性物质的标志离子。构建了复杂样品中非靶向筛查新型芬太尼类化合物的流程,通过测试血液样品中非靶向筛查出芬太尼的可行性,对该流程进行了验证。结论 建立了基于高分辨质谱的芬太尼类新精神活性物质非靶向筛查方法,为执法部门及时发现未知结构的芬太尼类新精神活性物质打下坚实基础。     

UPLC-MS/MS检验尿液中7种芬太尼类物质

目的建立尿液中7种芬太尼类物质的液质分析方法,检测4-氟丁酰芬太尼、乙酰芬太尼、丙烯酰芬太尼、呋喃芬太尼、异丁酰芬太尼、奥芬太尼、戊酰芬太尼等7种常见毒品。方法生物检材经过处理,应用超快速液相色谱法分离,采用高灵敏度的多离子监测模式(MRM)分析,并考察了方法的专属性,基质效应,回收率和检出限。结果尿液中各成分在浓度1ng/mL～500ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,方法回收率为85.7%～102.0%,基质效应为85.3%～98.5%,检出限浓度均为0.5ng/mL。结论所建立的方法灵敏度高,重现性好,准确性高,专属性好,检材的内源性杂质不干扰分析物测定,可在芬太尼类物质的司法检验鉴定及相关研究中应用。     

流动注射—化学方光法检测人体血清内枸橼酸芬太尼

目的建立灵敏测定生物样品中皮克级枸橼酸芬太尼的方法。方法使用流动注射-化学发光法、鲁米诺-溶解氧体系检测芬太尼,蠕动泵流速2.0mL/min,鲁米诺与NaOH混合后被六通阀定量注入系统直至形成稳定基线,同时将样品推进送入混合管。碱性混合液被送入化学发光流通池产生化学发光,光电倍增管和光度计即检测到发光信号强度。结果在1.0～700pg/mL线性范围内,化学发光强度与芬太尼浓度呈线性关系,且发光强度随浓度增大呈增敏趋势,检出限低至0.3pg/mL。相对标准偏差在3.0%以内。分析过程可在30s内完成,采样频率120次/h。回收率98.9%～103.1%。结论该方法已经成功应用于检测人体血清中的枸橼酸芬太尼。     

体液中微量士的宁的富集及同时检测

目的将分子印迹技术运用到法医毒物分析中,建立一种全新的测定体液中微量士的宁的方法。方法运用分子印迹原位聚合技术,在色谱柱中一步合成了对士的宁具有专属识别能力的分子印迹聚合物,以此聚合物为介质,装填一厘米的小柱,建立体液中微量士的宁的富集及同时检测方法。结果以士的宁分子印迹聚合物作为尿液和血浆中微量士的宁的富集和检测介质,方法的检出限为4.9ng,样品回收率均大于92%,相对标准偏差小于6.59%,工作曲线的线性相关系数分别为0.9991和0.9966。运用此方法对中毒家兔血浆和尿液中的士的宁进行了测定。结论建立的新方法可以实现对士的宁专属的、灵敏的检测,适合于法医学毒物分析运用。     

血浆中水杨酸的高效液相色谱分析

目的 建立血浆中水杨酸的高效液相色谱快速分析方法。方法 以正常人血浆添加标准水杨酸对血浆样品的前处理方法、仪器测试条件、线性范围、精密度、回收率进行全面考查,对单剂量口服乙酰水杨酸缓释片的健康受试者血液中代谢成份水杨酸进行浓度监测。结果 该方法在血浆中的线性范围是0.05～4.0μg/mL;最低检测浓度为0.05μg/mL;日内、日间精密度分别小于4.3％和5.2％;回收率在97.2％-101.7％。结论 所建方法迅速、灵敏,可在1.5h内完成血浆中SA的检测,并可准确监测至服药后36h的血代谢浓度值。     

甲氧基乙酰芬太尼检验

目的介绍一种识别芬太尼类物质结构的方法。方法采用气质联用仪和高分辨液质联用仪对一缴获样品进行检测,在商业质谱谱库均未收录造成无法识别的困境下,根据高分辨液质联用质谱碎片信息和解析软件推断其结构,并辅助核磁共振氢谱确认。结果对案件缴获样品进行了检验,准确判定了其中主成分为甲氧基乙酰芬太尼。结论该方法为识别不在谱库中的有机物提供了新的途径。     

Ion Torrent PGM^(TM)系统检测孕妇血浆中胎儿游离DNACSCD

目的探讨Ion Torrent PGMTM系统用于孕妇外周血血浆中胎儿游离DNA的Y-STR检测的可行性。方法采集8例孕晚期(38周)和8例孕中期(12周)的无关孕妇外周血血浆,提取胎儿游离DNA,对DYS390、DYS391、DYS393、DYS438、DYS437、DYS456、DYS635共7个基因座进行复合扩增,在Ion Torrent PGM^(TM)系统进行Y-STR测序分析和毛细管电泳分析,并将两者结果进行比较。结果在分娩男性胎儿的孕晚期及中期孕妇血浆中均检测到Y-STR片段,测序检测得出的基因座比毛细管电泳检测得出的多,且与分娩胎儿的Y-STR基因型相一致。结论 Ion Torrent PGMTM系统用于孕妇外周血血浆胎儿游离DNA的Y-STR检测,具有高灵敏度、高通量的特点,且有较好的法医学应用价值。     

Ion Torrent PGM~(TM)系统检测孕妇血浆中胎儿游离DNA

目的探讨Ion Torrent PGMTM系统用于孕妇外周血血浆中胎儿游离DNA的Y-STR检测的可行性。方法采集8例孕晚期(38周)和8例孕中期(12周)的无关孕妇外周血血浆,提取胎儿游离DNA,对DYS390、DYS391、DYS393、DYS438、DYS437、DYS456、DYS635共7个基因座进行复合扩增,在Ion Torrent PGM~(TM)系统进行Y-STR测序分析和毛细管电泳分析,并将两者结果进行比较。结果在分娩男性胎儿的孕晚期及中期孕妇血浆中均检测到Y-STR片段,测序检测得出的基因座比毛细管电泳检测得出的多,且与分娩胎儿的Y-STR基因型相一致。结论 Ion Torrent PGMTM系统用于孕妇外周血血浆胎儿游离DNA的Y-STR检测,具有高灵敏度、高通量的特点,且有较好的法医学应用价值。     

离子液体分散液相微萃取-HPLC检测血浆中溴敌隆

目的建立离子液体分散液相微萃取-HPLC检测血浆中溴敌隆的方法。方法以1-己基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([HMIM]PF6)为萃取剂,甲醇为分散剂,提取血浆中的溴敌隆,用HPLC分析其含量;考察了萃取剂和分散剂体积、样品pH值、NaCl浓度、萃取时间和离心时间等因素对萃取效率的影响。结果优化的溴敌隆分散液相微萃取操作条件为:萃取剂[HMIM]PF650μL,分散剂甲醇100μL,样品pH值5.0,萃取时间5min,离心时间8 min。方法的线性范围:0.01～5.0μg/mL,检测限:1.1 ng/mL(S/N3)。该法低、中、高浓度的平均加标回收率分别为76.4%,82.6%,92.1%,RSD分别为4.17%,2.99%,1.67%(n=6)。结论本方法检测血浆中的溴敌隆,简便快速、准确实用,满足中毒检测及临床诊断治疗的需要。     

高效液相色谱法测定盐酸曲马多血药浓度

目的 建立测定人血浆中盐酸曲马多浓度的HPLC-UV法。方法 血浆样品经碱化后,用二氯甲烷提取。采用依利特C18色谱柱(5μm),流动相为乙腈-磷酸盐缓冲液(74:26,pH6.5),检测波长为220um。结果 盐酸曲马多浓度在10～800ng/ml范围内与曲马多/内标物峰高比呈良好线性关系,r=0.9984,平均回收率为93.48％,最低定量检测浓度为10ng/ml;日内及日间RSD分别为3.81％～5.44％和3.95％～4.41％。结论HPLC-UV法用于血浆中盐酸曲马多浓度的检测,符合司法毒物分析及临床药血浓度测定的要求。     

GC/MS衍生化测定精浆中游离支链氨基酸和果糖

目的 建立人精浆中支链氨基酸和果糖的气相质谱衍生化分析方法.方法 精液样本液化离心后,按精子活率的临床标准分为正常组和非正常组,经TMS微波衍生化,GC/MS分析两组支链氨基酸、果糖衍生物含量差异.结果 正常组与非正常组的缬氨酸,亮氨酸,异亮氨酸在相对含量上均有一定差异.正常组3种氨基酸相对含量高于非正常组.果糖分析观察到同样的特征,正常组相对含量高于非正常组.结论 精子活率低的精浆样本仍可检出支链氨基酸和果糖,其差异有助于无精子、少精子精斑的法医学鉴别.     

微波消解ICP-MS法测定人发中的汞

目的建立人发中汞的电感耦合等离子体质谱分析方法。方法采用微波消解法处理样品,以铟（115In）作内标,用电感耦合等离子体质谱分析人发中的汞含量。结果方法检出限为0.0032μg/g,准确度通过测定人发标准物质GBW07601、GBW09101b进行验证,检测结果与标准参考值相符。结论该方法快捷、高效,灵敏度、准确度高,适用于人发中汞含量的检测。     

生物检材中芬太尼和舒芬太尼的HPLC-MS/MS分析

目的建立血、肝组织中芬太尼和舒芬太尼的HPLC-MS/MS分析方法。方法采用Oasis（MCX固相萃取柱进行提取,以XTerraTMRP18柱（2.1mm×100mm,3.5μm）色谱柱分离,以乙腈∶5mmol/L醋酸铵水溶液（氨水调pH=9.5）（65∶35）为流动相,流速为0.2mL/min。结果血及肝组织添加样品的线性范围为10ng/mL～500ng/mL,最小检出限为0.1ng/mL。结论本方法准确、快速,可用于生物检材血、肝组织中芬太尼和舒芬太尼的定性定量分析。     

Evaluating the sensitivity,stability, and cross-reactivity of commercial fentanyl immunoassay test strips

Illicit fentanyl has flooded the United States' drug market, increasing the risk of overdose and poisonings throughout the general population and accidental exposure among law enforcement officers confiscating the increasing number of seizures. Fentanyl test strips (FTS) are used to obtain presumptive information about the presence of fentanyl in a suspected sample. However, their adoption by law enforcement personnel and seized-drug analysts has been limited because most products are advertised for urine testing, not for assays using water solutions. This study presents an evaluation of four commercial FTS: Rapid Response from BTNX, Inc.; T-Dip Fentanyl (FTY) Urine Dip Cards obtained from Amazon.com ; Premier BioDip FYL10 from Premier Biotech Inc.; and MobileDetect Fentanyl strips from DetectaChem, Inc. Performance characteristics curves were used to compare the products' sensitivity, showing that all can reliably detect fentanyl in aqueous solutions at concentrations below 1 μg/mL, with some of the tests able to reliably detect the drug at 200 ng/mL. A stability study demonstrates the performance of all four FTS brands was only slightly affected after 30 days of storage at two extreme environmental conditions. Fentanyl-related substances are also evaluated using the Rapid Response FTS, which showed high cross-reactivity with para-fluorofentanyl and acetylfentanyl, but lower with ortho-chlorofentanyl, carfentanil, and 4-ANPP. Users should be aware that FTS may give false-negative results even when potentially dangerous levels of carfentanil are present. When testing other common drugs, adulterants, and diluents frequently encountered in seized tablets, concentration-dependent results were obtained and multiple instances of false positives were recorded.     

Fentanyl concentrations in 23 postmortem cases from the hennepin county medical examiner's office

The purpose of this study was to compare blood fentanyl concentrations in fentanyl-related deaths with fentanyl concentrations found incidentally at autopsy, as well as with fentanyl concentrations found in hospitalized patients receiving fentanyl. Between the years 1997 to 2005, 23 fentanyl-positive postmortem cases were identified. Nineteen of 23 (82.6%) cases were deemed to be drug overdoses. Fentanyl alone was responsible for 8 of the 19 (42.1%) overdose deaths. Mean and median fentanyl concentrations were 36 (SD 38) microg/L and 22 microg/L, respectively, range 5-120 microg/L. Seven of the cases were accidental, one undetermined. The remaining 11 of the 19 (57.9%) cases were mixed drug overdoses. Fentanyl concentrations in these cases were 31 (SD 46) microg/L, range 5-152 microg/L. All of the mixed drug overdoses were determined to be accidental. Four cases where fentanyl was considered an incidental postmortem finding were determined to be natural deaths. In hospitalized inpatients (n = 11) receiving fentanyl 2 of the patients receiving fentanyl for chronic pain for more than 3 months had concentrations of 8.5 microg/L and 9.9 microg/L. The other nine inpatient concentrations were less than 4 microg/L. In conclusion, blood fentanyl concentrations found in cases where fentanyl alone was determined to be the cause of death were similar to cases where fentanyl was part of a mixed drug overdose. There was also considerable overlap between fentanyl concentrations in fentanyl-related overdose deaths compared to hospitalized patients being treated for chronic pain. Fentanyl concentrations in postmortem cases must be interpreted in the context of the deceased's past medical history and autopsy findings.     

家兔血液和尿液中氯胺酮浓度的相关性

目的研究家兔尿液中氯胺酮及代谢物去甲氯胺酮浓度与血药浓度的动态相关性。方法实验家兔分为氯胺酮灌胃组、静脉注射组和对照组,分别于染毒前和染毒后不同时间点收集尿液和血液。气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)全扫描定性、气相色谱(GC)定量分析血液和尿液样品中氯胺酮及去甲氯胺酮的浓度。采用双变量Pearson相关分析研究尿液中药物浓度和血药浓度的相关性。结果氯胺酮灌胃组和静脉注射组给药后各时间点氯胺酮及去甲氯胺酮在尿液和血液中的浓度相关系数范围在0.11～0.69之间。结论氯胺酮及去甲氯胺酮在尿液和血液中的浓度相关性较差,尿液药物浓度并不能直接反映血药浓度,因此用尿液中氯胺酮浓度推断血药浓度时应慎重考虑。     

A brief technical communication: detection of fentanyl in urine

A reliable and sensitive method to analyze fentanyl in urine was developed using radioimmunoassay (RIA). Fentanyl, a highly lipophilic drug (pKa 7.7), has become a common drug of abuse. We evaluated three analytical techniques to detect fentanyl in urine. This paper reports the best of the three - a modified solvent extraction combined with a fentanyl RIA.     

死后血浆和溶血样本中IgE的稳定性

目的 探究死后血浆和溶血样本中免疫球蛋白E(immunoglobulin E,IgE)经过不同保存条件及冻融处理后的稳定性.方法 选取39例死后48 h内非冷冻尸体的心血样本,其中20例取血浆样本,19例取全血制成溶血样本.将样本置于-20℃、4℃、25℃条件下保存28 d及-80℃条件下保存1年以探究IgE在不同保存...     

Postmortem redistribution of fentanyl in the rabbit blood

Postmortem redistribution of fentanyl in the rabbit was investigated after application of the 50-μg/h Durogesic pain patch. Patches were applied for 48 hours. Two cycles of patch administration were used before characterization of the postmortem redistribution. Fentanyl showed marked redistribution into the femoral and pulmonary veins of the rabbit through 48 hours after the animals were humanely killed and the pain patches removed. The plasma concentration of 2.34 ng/mL in the femoral blood before killing the animals increased 5.6-fold by 48 hours after patch removal to 13.2 ng/mL. This postmortem concentration is approximately 3-fold the C(max) determined during antemortem pharmacokinetic analysis, 4 ng/mL, which was achieved 24 hours after the application of the second 50-μg/h Durogesic pain patch. After blood sampling for 48 hours after animal termination with patch removal compared with sampling for 48 hours from animals not terminated and with patch removal, the exposure ratios in the terminated animals were approximately 30-fold, indicating that between the postmortem redistribution of fentanyl and the cessation of hepatic clearance of fentanyl in the rabbit, the postmortem redistribution of fentanyl leads to an elevated measures of postmortem blood concentrations relative to antemortem blood concentrations.     

SPE-HPLC法分析大鼠血浆中灭多威

目的建立以固相萃取-高效液相色谱（SPE-HPLC）分析大鼠血浆中灭多威的方法。方法以空白大鼠血浆添加灭多威标准品及内标物,以SPE法对样品进行前处理,采用HPLC进行分析,考察仪器测试条件、特异性、回收率、灵敏度、精密度、准确度、线性关系、稳定性,并对方法进行优化。结果采用本文方法测得灭多威在血浆中的线性范围0.1-20μg/mL（r=0.9993,P〈0.001）,血浆中的检测限0.03μg/mL（S/N≥3）,日内、日间精密度的CV值分别在8.33%与11.11%以内,日内、日间准确度值分别在90%与120%之间,回收率值在88%±4.4%以上。结论所建方法实用、便捷,可对血浆中的灭多威进行定性定量地快速测定。