CpG序列对副伤寒疫苗免疫小鼠应答反应的影响

研究了CpG序列作为分子免疫增强剂 ,对常规副伤寒疫苗免疫小鼠后 ,小鼠体液和细胞免疫反应的变化情况。试验结果显示 ,CpG序列作为免疫增强剂 ,可以使免疫小鼠的总IgG含量、血清特异性抗体效价、淋巴细胞IL 2的诱生活性和脾淋巴细胞的增殖反应有明显的提高。结果表明 ,CpG序列能显著增强免疫动物对常规疫苗的免疫应答反应水平 ,可以作为提高疫苗免疫效果的有效途径     

阳离子脂质体包裹CpG对猪瘟猪肺疫猪丹毒三联疫苗免疫效应的影响

对 3组分别注射猪瘟猪肺疫猪丹毒三联疫苗 (简称三联疫苗 )、CpG +三联疫苗、阳离子脂质体包裹CpG +三联疫苗的小鼠细胞和体液免疫反应进行了比较分析。结果显示 ,阳离子脂质体包裹CpG +三联疫苗免疫小鼠脾细胞增殖反应明显增强 ,白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )诱生活性和免疫细胞数量、血液IgG含量较仅注射三联疫苗的小鼠显著增加。说明阳离子脂质体包裹CpG能增强小鼠对三联疫苗的体液和细胞免疫应答反应 ,使疫苗的免疫原性增强     

含CpG基元的SARS冠状病毒S-1基因片段DNA疫苗的构建及动物试验

设计了3对含不同数目CpG基元(CpGmotifs)的引物,用SARS冠状病毒(SARSCoV)S1基因片段作为靶基因,通过PCR扩增出目的片段,插入真核表达载体pVAX1中。用电击法把构建好的不同质粒注入相应组BALB/c小鼠的股四头肌,2周后再加强免疫一次。每周分别测定血清IgG1和IgG2a抗体水平。结果,免疫组IgG1和IgG2a抗体浓度以及IgG2a与IgG1的比值均显著增加(P<0.001)。表明所构建的SARSCoVS基因S1片段的真核表达质粒可诱导小鼠产生很强的免疫反应。     

羊口疮病毒B2L截短重组蛋白刺激小鼠产生特异性抗体的研究

为研究羊口疮病毒(ORFV)新型亚单位疫苗,设计了ORFV B2L优势抗原表位截短重组蛋白,命名为HBBH并经原核表达和鉴定。以不同剂量HBBH不加或加不同佐剂,经滴鼻或颈部皮下注射免疫BALB/c小鼠,其中滴鼻共4组(HBBH 10μg、20μg、30μg和20μg+LTB),注射组(HBBH 20μg+201佐剂)。同时设ORFV组织灭活抗原+201佐剂注射免疫对照和空白对照,每组共免疫3次,每次间隔7 d。HBBH间接ELISA检测一免、二免、三免后7 d以及三免后14 d血清中ORFV IgG、IgA和三免后14 d肺灌洗液sIgA的抗体水平,取不同水平的IgG ELISA阳性血清检测细胞中和抗体效价。结果显示,表达并鉴定了具有良好反应原性的包含ORFV B2L蛋白优势抗原表位的截短重组蛋白HBBH。免疫小鼠试验结果表明,不同剂量HBBH通过滴鼻或颈部皮下注射均可刺激小鼠产生ORFV特异性IgG抗体,20μg HBBH+201佐剂注射免疫能最大刺激小鼠血清IgG抗体的产生。实验小鼠三免后14 d肺灌洗液特异性sIgA仅在HBBH滴鼻免疫剂量≥20μg的三个组中检测到,其中30μg HBBH组刺激小鼠产生了最高水平的sIgA。在同为20μg HBBH滴鼻免疫时,添加LTB佐剂刺激小鼠产生了更高水平的sIgA。表明一定剂量的HBBH+LTB佐剂滴鼻免疫可更好地刺激小鼠产生sIgA。HBBH间接ELISAIgG阳性血清的细胞中和抗体效价可高达1:128,且能中和4株ORFV分离株。结果表明,20μgHBBH+201佐剂注射免疫3次和20μg HBBH+LTB佐剂滴鼻免疫3次均能刺激BALB/c小鼠产生高水平的抗ORFV血清中和抗体IgG和黏膜抗体sIgA。本研究为ORFV B2L优势抗原表位截短重组蛋白作为亚单位疫苗提供了数据支持。     

鹅细小病毒VP3基因疫苗与弱毒疫苗诱导小鼠免疫应答的比较

为阐明小鹅瘟基因疫苗与弱毒疫苗诱导细胞免疫和体液免疫的不同机理,将小鹅瘟VP3基因疫苗(pcDNA-GPV-VP3)分别按6μg/只基因枪轰击和100 μg/只肌肉注射,小鹅瘟弱毒疫苗按100 μL/只肌肉注射免疫BALB/c小鼠,同时以pcDNA3.1(+)和生理盐水为对照.于免疫后第3、7、14、21、28、35、49、63、77、105 d采集抗凝血,用淋巴细胞转化试验(MTT法)和流式细胞仪(FACS)分别检测小鼠外周血T淋巴细胞的转化效果和CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞的动态变化,另外,在以上10个时间段以及免疫后第133、161、189、217 d分别采集凝血,用间接ELISA检测小鼠特异性IgG抗体水平.结果显示,pcDNA-GPv-VP3免疫小鼠的外周血T淋巴细胞对ConA刺激的反应,诱导的CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞免疫功能和血清IgG抗体水平在不同时间段都显著或极显著高于弱毒疫苗免疫组.3个免疫组小鼠都能诱导产生细胞免疫和体液免疫应答,并且基因疫苗诱导小鼠产生的细胞免疫和体液免疫应答比弱毒疫苗免疫组强.     

两种旋毛虫丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂对小鼠免疫保护效果的评估

为评估旋毛虫丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂对BALB/c小鼠的免疫保护作用,选用2种重组表达的Serpin型和Kazal型旋毛虫丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂（TsAdSPI和TsKaSPI）,联合弗氏佐剂通过腹腔注射的方式单独免疫小鼠,用间接ELISA法检测免疫后小鼠特异性血清抗体Ig G以及Ig G亚型（IgG1和Ig G2a）的水平,用CCK-8法测定重组蛋白刺激后脾淋巴细胞的增殖情况,用ELISA法检测脾淋巴细胞培养液上清中细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-10、IL-12和IL-4的水平;使用旋毛虫肌幼虫攻击感染免疫后的小鼠,计算并分析小鼠肠道成虫减虫率及肠道病理变化,并评估TsAdSPI和TsKaSPI与ISA206佐剂联合免疫小鼠后对小鼠肠道成虫减虫率的影响。结果表明,与PBS组相比,2种重组蛋白所诱导的Ig G和Ig G亚型抗体水平均明显升高,IL-12、IFN-γ、IL-4和IL-10表达水平也均显著升高,且重组蛋白可诱导免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞的体外增殖;攻虫结果表明,2种重组蛋白免疫后小鼠肠道旋毛虫成虫数量较PBS组显著减少且肠道病理变化减轻;2种重组蛋白联合免疫组的成虫减虫率高于单独免疫组。上述结果...     

PCV2 ORF2 B细胞表位与PPV VP2真核表达质粒的构建及其免疫原性

为了研究猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)ORF2B细胞表位与猪细小病毒(PPV)VP2重组真核表达质粒的免疫原性,将PCV2ORF2的B细胞表位基因(141～257bp)重组到PPV SC-1株VP2基因的N端,构建了真核表达质粒pCI-VP2.ORF2B。用脂质体转染法将重组质粒pCI-VP2.ORF2B转染至Vero细胞中,利用间接免疫荧光法检测其在体外的表达情况。将重组质粒免疫小鼠,并设猪细小病毒灭活疫苗、猪圆环病毒亚单位疫苗和空载体对照组,采用MTT比色法、流式细胞术和ELISA法分别对免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞的转化功能,外周血CD4+和CD8+淋巴细胞比例,PCV2和PPV IgG抗体效价进行了检测。结果表明,转染Vero细胞后第48小时用间接免疫荧光法能在荧光显微镜下观察到绿色荧光,检测到特异性蛋白的表达;pCI-VP2.ORF2B免疫组脾淋巴细胞从第7天开始对ConA有明显反应,显著高于对照组;CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD8+T淋巴细胞的数量高于或显著高于对照组;在免疫后第14天检测到PPV/PCV2IgG抗体。提示pCI-VP2.ORF2B能够有效诱导机体产生细胞免疫和体液免疫反应。     

细菌CpG-DNA对犬免疫增强效果的研究

以犬瘟热病毒为模式病毒,将CpG-DNA与铝胶、蜂胶2种对照佐剂分别与犬瘟热病毒灭活疫苗配合,给犬接种疫苗前后用微量中和试验抽查血清中和抗体效价,根据抗体效价高低判断佐剂的免疫增强效果.结果表明,3种佐剂疫苗均能诱导产生特异性抗体,但组间抗体效价有显著差异(P＜0.01),CpG-DNA的免疫增强作用明显高于其它2种佐剂,CpG-DNA所诱导的抗体效价较蜂胶佐剂高5倍,较铝胶佐剂高7倍.     

牛A型多杀性巴氏杆菌三聚体自转运蛋白免疫保护性的研究

为研究多杀性巴氏杆菌三聚体自转运蛋白(TAAs)的免疫保护效果,在对牛A型多杀性巴氏杆菌Pm CQ2株假定TAAs编码基因Pm1g0001的黏附基序分析基础上,对其黏附基序进行PCR扩增,并与质粒p ET-32a(+)连接,将重组质粒转入BL21(DE3)诱导表达获得重组蛋白,纯化后与佐剂混合免疫小鼠,三免后收集小鼠血清检测抗体效价,并用Pm CQ2菌液进行攻毒保护性试验。结果显示,Pm1g0001的黏附基序具有TAAs的典型结构,重组蛋白r Pm1g0001免疫小鼠后可以刺激机体产生高效价抗体,对Pm CQ2的保护率达60%,具有良好的免疫保护效果,提示牛A型多杀性巴氏杆菌三聚体自转运蛋白可以作为研究新型亚单位疫苗的候选靶标。     

不同佐剂对猪圆环病毒2型灭活抗原免疫效果的影响

为了筛选到能有效提高猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)灭活抗原免疫原性的佐剂,将ISA206、ISA15A、GEL、CP934、CP940五种佐剂与PCV2灭活抗原混合,配制疫苗后,进行小鼠免疫试验及猪体攻毒保护性试验。小鼠免疫试验结果显示,ISA206和ISA15A组的ELISA抗体、中和抗体水平和淋巴细胞转化试验刺激指数都显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05),但ISA206组与ISA15A之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。猪体攻毒保护试验结果显示,ISA206组的ELISA抗体水平、中和抗体水平明显高于其他组(包括ISA15A组)(P<0.01),二免后ISA206免疫组淋巴细胞转化试验刺激指数与ISA15A组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于其他组(P<0.01)。攻毒后,ISA206组仔猪相对日增重高于其他各组(P<0.01),体内带毒和体外排毒的仔猪数量最少(各2头)、持续时间最短(分别在第11天和第7天消失)。病理切片显微观察显示,攻毒后ISA206组的组织病理变化最为轻微。上述结果说明,佐剂ISA206配制的疫苗免疫效果明显优于其他佐剂疫苗。     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1. Introduction
On the morning of April 1st, 2001, a U.S. EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China＇s Hainan Island. Two Chinese fighter jets intercepted the spy plane and followed its flight, as is considered ordinary international practice. For reasons unknown, the EP-3 airplane made a sudden maneuver and crashed into one of the Chinese planes. The Chinese plane dropped into the sea, the pilot missing. The U.S. spy plane was also severely damaged. It intruded into Chinese territorial space and landed on Hainan Island without official permission from the Chinese side. After landing, the spy plane and 24 crew on board were detained by the Chinese authorities. This air collision episode was the first of its kind in the China-U.S. relations and an urgent diplomatic crisis ensued.     

中国需要构建怎样的周边(英文)

正The new central leadership has highlighted the strategic importance of better relations with neighboring countries and the construction of a solid foundation for China’s neighborhood strategy so as to create favorable conditions for Chinese development.1China is strengthening top-level strategy in foreign relations,focusing on global-level relations and staying committed to relations     

Learning from Others and Starting Built-to-last Companies

正Ruicheng Group was founded in Qiqihar,a city located in one of the three major ‘Chernozem belts’ in the world,the fertile Songnen Plain,and one known as the ‘home of red-crowned cranes’ Over the years,our business developed from being only one supermarket in the beginning to a corporate group operating in multiple sectors,from supermarket chain and real estate to property management and preschool education.     

中巴关系的发展及其认识误区（英文）

China and Brazil established a strategic partnership in 1993. The bilateral ties have seen rapid development in almost all areas. However, there are eight myths surrounding the China-Brazil relations. These myths are the result of a lack of mutual understanding as well as the misconceptions result misconceptions of the western observers and media. These misunderstandings have of have jeopardized images of the China-Brazil relations and also hindered further development of their bilateral relationship.     

中国的“主场外交”:机遇、挑战与任务（英文）

The successful hosting of the CICA summit has drawn great attention The attention to China's "host diplomacy". Analyzing new features of China's "host to "host diplomacy" during this new period, this paper will look at the opportunities and challenges facing China's "host diplomacy" and discuss the problems that China should address in order to do a better job in this regard and bring its "host diplomatic advantages" into full play.     

亚洲整体性崛起及其效应(英文)

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the overall rise of the Asian geographic plate has been particularly prominently. The overall rise of Asia reflects the improvement of a large number of developing countries in Asia. The long-occupied aggressive status of the United States and Europe is weakening, and the overall rise of Asia appears more highlighted, and its impact upon the world seems more intense.     

CAFIU Convenes the 11~(th) Council Meeting in Beijing

正On the morning of April 2,2014,CAFIU held the 11th Executive Council Meeting in Beijing.Present at the Meeting were Member of the Politburo of the 17th CPC Central Committee and Vice-Chairman of the 11th CPPCC National Committee Mr.Wang Gang,ViceChairman of the 11th NPC Standing Committee and President of CAFIU Mr.Zhou Tienong,ViceChairpersons of the NPC Standing Committee Mme     

Speech by Honorary President Zhou Tienong at the 11~(th) Executive Council Meeting of CAFIU (Excerpt)

正I am very pleased to attend the 11th Executive Council Meeting of CAFIU,and would like to express my hearty congratulations to President Yan Junqi,the new leadership and the newly-elected Executive Council.I also want to express my sincere thanks for choosing me to be the Honorary President of CAFIU!