用间接ELISA法检测鸡痘病毒抗体的研究

建立了检测鸡痘病毒抗体的间接ELISA方法 ,用该法检测 2 0份人工感染鸡血清样品 ,抗体阳性率为 10 0 % ,康复期鸡群血清抗体阳性率为 4 3% ,人工接种弱毒疫苗 6 5d和 170d鸡群血清抗体的阳性率分别为 6 0 %、70 %。经反复试验 ,确定了诊断抗原的制备方法和间接ELISA检测鸡痘抗体的最佳反应条件 ,即抗原包被浓度 10 .8μg/孔 ,待测血清最佳稀释度为 1∶10 0。     

犬流感病毒NP基因在昆虫细胞中的表达及其抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

旨在利用昆虫细胞表达犬流感病毒(CIV)核蛋白(NP),并以此作为抗原建立检测CIV抗体的间接ELISA方法。从CIV感染的MDCK细胞中提取总RNA,用RT-PCR法扩增NP基因,连接到pFastBacHTA载体上,转化含Bacmid的DH10Bac感受态细胞,获得穿梭质粒NP-DH10,穿梭质粒转染sf-9昆虫细胞,获得重组病毒P1-NP。病毒传至第3代后,用Western-blot及IFA鉴定昆虫细胞表达的蛋白与兔抗犬流感病毒NP蛋白多克隆抗体及鼠抗CIV血清发生特异性反应。NP蛋白纯化后作为抗原,建立检测CIV抗体的间接ELISA方法。优化后确定蛋白最佳包被浓度为2 g/mL,血清最佳稀释度为1∶100。用建立的间接ELISA方法和血凝抑制(HI)同时检测136份血清样品,ELISA法检出129份阳性,检出率为94.85%;HI检出120份阳性,检出率为88.23%,二者符合率为93.38%,ELISA检测方法的阳性率高于血凝抑制。结果表明,利用昆虫细胞表达的NP蛋白做为抗原,建立的检测CIV抗体的间接ELISA方法特异性好,重复性高,可用于犬流感的诊断和流行病学调查。     

旋毛形线虫P53重组蛋白抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

以纯化的旋毛形线虫P53排泄分泌(ES)重组蛋白作为包被抗原,建立了检测旋毛形线虫P53 ES蛋白抗体的间接ELISA方法,并确定了间接ELISA的最适反应条件:抗原包被浓度为2/μg/mL(100 μL),血清稀释度为1∶200,辣根过氧化物酶标记羊抗鼠IgG抗体稀释度为1∶10 000,抗原和血清于37℃反应1.5 h,血清和二抗于37℃反应1 h,底物于37℃显色10 min.应用该方法对试验小鼠血清进行检测,结果表明,建立的间接ELISA方法具有较好的特异性和重复性,适用于检测特异性P53血清抗体.     

应用旋毛虫GAD和GLS重组抗原建立间接ELISA方法的研究

为了建立快速检测猪旋毛虫病的血清学方法,分别用旋毛虫GAD、GLS重组蛋白作为包被抗原,建立2种检测旋毛虫血清抗体的间接ELISA方法。对抗原包被条件、血清稀释度、封闭液的选择与封闭时间、酶标二抗的稀释度与孵育时间和TM B作用时间等条件进行了优化。旋毛虫GAD包被抗原间接ELISA方法和GLS包被抗原间接ELISA方法的阴阳性临界值分别为0.848和0.963;这2种间接ELISA方法批内和批间重复试验的最大变异系数均小于10%,且用这2种方法分别对猪蛔虫阳性血清、华支睾吸虫阳性血清和弓形虫阳性血清进行了检测,均无交叉反应,表明这2种方法具有很好的稳定性和特异性。同时用这2种间接ELISA方法和旋毛虫抗体快速检测卡分别对感染旋毛虫不同数量、不同时间的小鼠血清进行检测,结果显示,这2种间接ELISA方法具有较高的敏感性。本研究中建立的这2种间接ELISA方法为旋毛虫病的早期诊断和流行病学调查提供了必要的手段。     

禽流感病毒M1抗体间接阻断ELISA检测方法的建立

以禽流感病毒(AIV)重组M1蛋白作为检测抗原,兔抗M1血清为阻断抗体.建立了检测AIVM1抗体的间接阻断ELISA方法.经筛选确定,抗原最佳包被浓度为0.78 μg/mL,阻断抗体最佳稀释度为1:15 000,待检血清最佳稀释度为1:10.用该ELISA方法对38份AIV阳性禽类样本和26份A1V阴性禽类样本进行检测,结果显示.该方法的敏感性为97.37%,特异性为96.15%.交叉试验证明该方法与新城疫等8种其他禽病阳性血清不发生交叉反应.用该ELISA方法对268份已知HI效价的临床样品进行检测,结果与HI的符合率达92%以上.表明,建立的间接阻断ELISA方法可用于AIV抗体的检测和禽流感的流行病学调查.     

猪巨细胞病毒gB基因优势抗原表位区的原核表达及间接ELISA方法的建立

扩增了猪巨细胞病毒(PCMV)gB基因的优势抗原表位区,将构建成功的gB基因优势抗原表位区原核表达重组质粒(pET32a-gB)转化入表达菌Rosetta(DE3)中进行表达,以表达的重组蛋白作为包被抗原建立了一种检测PCMV抗体的间接ELISA方法,并对该间接ELISA检测方法进行了优化。结果显示,最佳抗原包被浓度为1.9μg/mL,最佳血清稀释度为1∶160,二抗最佳稀释度为1∶10 000;当样品D450nm≥0.26时判为阳性,当样品D450nm<0.215时判为阴性,介于两者之间时判为可疑。用该间接ELISA方法对138份PCMV阴性血清与240份PCMV阳性血清进行检测的结果显示,它的特异性为97.83%,敏感性为97.9%,变异系数均小于10%。用该ELISA方法和Western-blot对184份临床样品进行检测,结果二者的符合率为92.4%。结果表明,该间接ELISA方法简便快捷,具有良好的特异性、敏感性及重复性,适用于对PCMV抗体的大规模检测。     

基于禽偏肺病毒N蛋白的间接ELISA检测方法的建立和初步应用

为进一步了解我国鸡群禽偏肺病毒(aMPV)的感染情况,加强对aMPV的防控,应用RT-PCR方法扩增出aMPV N基因的保守片段并连入原核表达载体pET32a-1中,再转入Rosseta(DE3)细胞进行表达,表达的蛋白经纯化后作为包被抗原,经一系列条件优化,建立间接ELISA检测方法并进行初步应用。结果显示,成功表达且纯化了重组N蛋白,以此N蛋白建立的间接ELISA方法对新城疫病毒(NDV)、传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)、禽流感病毒(AIV)、传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)、白血病病毒(ALV)、马立克病病毒(MDV)等血清的检测结果为阴性;而阳性血清1∶3 200稀释时仍检测为阳性结果;批内和批间重复性试验的最大变异系数均小于10%。应用建立的间接ELISA方法与商品化aMPV ELISA试剂盒对样品进行平行检测,阳性符合率为95.88%(256/267),阴性符合率为93.22%(55/59),总符合率为95.40%(311/326)。应用本方法对广西地区7个种鸡场和6个肉鸡场的960份血清进行检测,结果,种鸡血清aMPV抗体阳性率为93.33%(784/840),肉鸡血清aMPV抗体阳性率为99.17%(119/120)。本研究建立的间接ELISA方法为该病的早期诊断与流行病学调查提供了技术手段。     

犬和猫狂犬病病毒抗体SPA-ELISA检测方法的建立

采用RT-PCR方法扩增狂犬病病毒(RV)FluryLEP毒株N基因,将该片段克隆至原核表达载体pET-32a(+)中,测序验证后将阳性重组质粒转化至宿主菌E.coliBL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导表达,进行SDS-PAGE和Western-blot分析。结果显示,RVN蛋白以包涵体形式表达,大小约为70ku,且该重组N蛋白具有良好的反应原性。用纯化的重组N蛋白作为诊断抗原建立了检测犬、猫RV抗体的间接ELISA方法,通过优化反应条件,确定抗原的最佳包被浓度为6μg/mL,血清最佳稀释度为1:200,SPA-HRP的最佳稀释度为1:2000。用该间接ELISA方法与以狂犬病病毒作为诊断抗原的商品化ELISA试剂盒分别对30份临床血清样品进行检测,结果两者的符合率为96.67%。表明基于重组N蛋白的间接ELISA方法可用于检测犬、猫RV抗体水平。     

A型塞内卡病毒VP2蛋白间接ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立一种检测塞内卡病毒VP2蛋白的间接ELISA方法,本试验将A型塞内卡病毒(SVA)VP2蛋白作为抗原包被酶标板,采用棋盘式方法优化反应的最佳血清稀释度和抗原包被量,同时对间接ELISA方法的其他反应条件进行了筛选。结果显示,VP2蛋白包被量为2μg/m L(1∶1000稀释);用2%BSA封闭液稀释标准阳性血清为1∶20;二抗做1∶5000稀释;TMB底物显色液室温避光显色反应10 min。特异性试验结果显示,同FMDV、PRRSV、CSFV、PRV和APP阳性血清均无交叉反应。此方法对塞内卡病毒阳性血清的敏感性为1∶160。批间、批内重复性试验结果的变异系数均小于10%。对200份猪血清样本分别进行间接荧光抗体免疫方法和间接ELISA方法的检测,结果符合率为95.5%。上述结果表明,该方法具有良好的特异性、敏感性和重复性,可用于塞内卡病毒血清抗体检测和流行病学调查。     

牛分枝杆菌重组MPT83蛋白间接ELISA方法的建立

以纯化的牛分枝杆菌重组MPT83蛋白为包被抗原,建立了检测牛分枝杆菌抗体的间接ELISA方法。确定了间接ELISA各组分的最适反应条件:抗原包被浓度为1μg/mL,酶标二抗稀释度为1∶1600,血清稀释度为1∶60,抗原和血清、血清和二抗均在37℃反应30 min,底物在37℃显色15 min,D655 nm阴性、阳性临界值为0.5。经阻断试验、交叉试验、重复性试验,表明该方法特异性强、重复性好。用该方法对18份结核菌素试验阳性牛血清和36份结核菌素试验阴性牛血清进行检测,结果显示,阳性血清的符合率为27.8%,阴性血清的符合率为91.7%。     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1. Introduction
On the morning of April 1st, 2001, a U.S. EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China＇s Hainan Island. Two Chinese fighter jets intercepted the spy plane and followed its flight, as is considered ordinary international practice. For reasons unknown, the EP-3 airplane made a sudden maneuver and crashed into one of the Chinese planes. The Chinese plane dropped into the sea, the pilot missing. The U.S. spy plane was also severely damaged. It intruded into Chinese territorial space and landed on Hainan Island without official permission from the Chinese side. After landing, the spy plane and 24 crew on board were detained by the Chinese authorities. This air collision episode was the first of its kind in the China-U.S. relations and an urgent diplomatic crisis ensued.     

中国需要构建怎样的周边(英文)

正The new central leadership has highlighted the strategic importance of better relations with neighboring countries and the construction of a solid foundation for China’s neighborhood strategy so as to create favorable conditions for Chinese development.1China is strengthening top-level strategy in foreign relations,focusing on global-level relations and staying committed to relations     

中巴关系的发展及其认识误区（英文）

China and Brazil established a strategic partnership in 1993. The bilateral ties have seen rapid development in almost all areas. However, there are eight myths surrounding the China-Brazil relations. These myths are the result of a lack of mutual understanding as well as the misconceptions result misconceptions of the western observers and media. These misunderstandings have of have jeopardized images of the China-Brazil relations and also hindered further development of their bilateral relationship.     

中国的“主场外交”:机遇、挑战与任务（英文）

The successful hosting of the CICA summit has drawn great attention The attention to China's "host diplomacy". Analyzing new features of China's "host to "host diplomacy" during this new period, this paper will look at the opportunities and challenges facing China's "host diplomacy" and discuss the problems that China should address in order to do a better job in this regard and bring its "host diplomatic advantages" into full play.     

亚洲整体性崛起及其效应(英文)

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the overall rise of the Asian geographic plate has been particularly prominently. The overall rise of Asia reflects the improvement of a large number of developing countries in Asia. The long-occupied aggressive status of the United States and Europe is weakening, and the overall rise of Asia appears more highlighted, and its impact upon the world seems more intense.     

CAFIU Convenes the 11~(th) Council Meeting in Beijing

正On the morning of April 2,2014,CAFIU held the 11th Executive Council Meeting in Beijing.Present at the Meeting were Member of the Politburo of the 17th CPC Central Committee and Vice-Chairman of the 11th CPPCC National Committee Mr.Wang Gang,ViceChairman of the 11th NPC Standing Committee and President of CAFIU Mr.Zhou Tienong,ViceChairpersons of the NPC Standing Committee Mme     

Speech by Honorary President Zhou Tienong at the 11~(th) Executive Council Meeting of CAFIU (Excerpt)

正I am very pleased to attend the 11th Executive Council Meeting of CAFIU,and would like to express my hearty congratulations to President Yan Junqi,the new leadership and the newly-elected Executive Council.I also want to express my sincere thanks for choosing me to be the Honorary President of CAFIU!     

Name-list of Members of the Standing Committee of the (11)~th Executive Council (in alphabetical order of the surname's first letter)

正I.Political Parties and Government Sector Lu Yan Director,Beijing Municipal Commission of Commerce Tong Guili Member,Standing Committee of the CPC Municipal Committee of Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province Secretary,CPC Working Committee,Administrative Commission for the Sci-Tech and Innovation Industrial Park in west Hangzhou City