改良直接扩增法应用于生物检材DNA检验

Identifiler（R） Plus试剂盒性能卓越,PCR反应液经过优化,抗抑制剂能力强,适用于案件生物检材DNA检验[1].本文利用纳米银溶液和生物物证提取棉签、植绒拭子对案件常见的血痕类、唾液斑和肋软骨等进行检材转移,采用Identifiler（R）Plus扩增系统配以Prep-n-Go Buffer进行直接扩增检验,以探讨直接扩增技术对此类检材的有效性和可靠性.     

TH01基因座等位基因丢失1例

<正>1案例资料2010年,本市发生1起入室盗窃案,现场提取血痕2份、烟蒂1枚。采用Chelex法提取检材DNA,使用Identifiler试剂盒10μL体系在AB 9700型扩增仪上进行扩增;扩增产物经AB 3130型遗传分析仪检测,GeneMapperID V3.2软件进行分析。结果血痕、烟蒂为同一个体所留,其中TH01基因座为纯合子(7)。     

微量PCR反应体系在两种试剂盒中的应用

美国AB I公司的Profiler PlusTM试剂盒和Identifi-lerTM试剂盒在当前法医DNA检案中应用广泛,但价格昂贵。本实验利用5μl体系进行PCR扩增取得满意效果,降低了检验成本。1材料与方法1.1材料法医DNA检案中常规检材,血痕、精斑、烟蒂和毛发(带毛囊)各20份。Profiler PlusTM试剂盒和IdentifilerTM试剂盒(AB I,USA)。1.2方法1.2.1 DNA提取上述检材采用Chelex-100法[1]提取模板DNA。取9mm2血痕加入5%Chelex-100150μl,56℃2h;精斑经两步法视镜检精子量多少酌情加入5%Chelex-100 150~250μl,PK 10μl(2mg/m l),DTT 10μl(1mol/L…     

改良EVO150-8方法在DNA自动化检案中的应用

目的探讨改良EVO150-8方法在批量生物检材DNA检验中的应用价值,建立一种自动化、简单、快速的DNA提取方法。方法采用改良EVO150-8自动化核酸提取纯化仪器与DNA IQ磁珠法纯化试剂盒,对各现场提取的880份血迹、烟蒂、口香糖、精斑（混合斑）、组织、骨骼、脱落细胞等常见生物检材进行DNA提取与纯化,采用Identifiler试剂盒进行扩增检验,用3130XL电泳,GeneMapper ID V3.2分析软件进行分析比对。结果在880份生物检材中,有836份检材成功获得STR分型;检验92份检材仅需时128min。结论改良EVO150-8适合批量生物检材的自动化提取。     

MPure-12全自动核酸纯化仪与Chelex-100法的比较CSCD

目的通过对DNA含量不同的血痕和多种类型生物学检材进行DNA提取和STR分型检测,探讨MPure-12全自动核酸纯化仪(MPure-12法)在DNA提取中的法医学应用价值。方法收集血痕、精斑、唾液等9种类型的生物学检材,应用MPure-12法和传统Chelex-100法提取DNA,经过PCR扩增和电泳,获取STR分型图谱。结果 MPure-12法对发根、口香糖、烟蒂、肌肉组织、唾液斑、血痕、精斑这些检材能够成功分型,唾液出现了个别等位基因丢失现象,接触拭子分型较差。Chelex-100法对血量为20μL、15μL、10μL、5μL、1μL制成的血痕均有完整分型结果,MPure-12法在血量为1μL时出现等位基因丢失现象。结论 MPure-12法适用于一定浓度血样的检验,而对于微量血样,Chelex-100法提取DNA的效果可能更优。仪器应用于DNA提取具有操作简单、快速、提取效率高,分型成功率高,减少人为污染等优势。     

MPure-12全自动核酸纯化仪与Chelex-100法的比较

目的通过对DNA含量不同的血痕和多种类型生物学检材进行DNA提取和STR分型检测,探讨MPure-12全自动核酸纯化仪(MPure-12法)在DNA提取中的法医学应用价值。方法收集血痕、精斑、唾液等9种类型的生物学检材,应用MPure-12法和传统Chelex-100法提取DNA,经过PCR扩增和电泳,获取STR分型图谱。结果 MPure-12法对发根、口香糖、烟蒂、肌肉组织、唾液斑、血痕、精斑这些检材能够成功分型,唾液出现了个别等位基因丢失现象,接触拭子分型较差。Chelex-100法对血量为20μL、15μL、10μL、5μL、1μL制成的血痕均有完整分型结果,MPure-12法在血量为1μL时出现等位基因丢失现象。结论 MPure-12法适用于一定浓度血样的检验,而对于微量血样,Chelex-100法提取DNA的效果可能更优。仪器应用于DNA提取具有操作简单、快速、提取效率高,分型成功率高,减少人为污染等优势。     

浓缩DNA法结合miniSTR分型技术检验微量DNA

目的优化低拷贝数DNA STR分型方法。方法对采用磁珠法或Chelex-100法提取DNA,Identi-filer试剂盒扩增,未获得分型结果的日常检案检材,采用物理浓缩法或过柱浓缩法浓缩DNA,采用miniFilerTM试剂盒再次扩增分型。结果 127例检材中,47例磁珠法提取DNA未获得分型的样品,分型成功率为36%;80例Chelex-100法提取DNA未获分型的样品,分型成功率为30%。结论采用浓缩法和miniFilerTM试剂盒,可以提高日常检案中低拷贝数检材的STR检验分型成功率。     

一种改良Chelex地方法提取血痕DNA

对于新鲜或量足的血痕,采用文献报道的Chelex-100直接处理提取DNA,一般都能获得满意结果,但在日常检案过程中,陈旧而量少的血痕检材经常遇到,而且载体可能有泥沙、色素或吸附力强等PCR扩增抑制物的存在.这类检材DNA采用普通的Chelex-100快速提取法,有时很难奏效.针对以上问题,本文结合两例检案,对血痕DNA的Chelex-100快速提取法进行了一些改良,显著提高了检出率,使检案成功,报告如下:1 材料与方法1.1 材料:取自本实验室检验的两案例中的22份血痕.     

D20S161和D8S384两个基因座在法医学中的应用

评估D2 0S16 1和D8S384两个基因座在法医学中的应用价值。用自制的D2 0S16 1和D8S384两个DNA分型试剂盒 ,对人血、人精液、人唾液、动物血、人血与动物血的混合检材和人血痕、人精液斑、人唾液斑、动物血痕、人血与动物血的混合斑痕检材 ,以及陈旧血痕检材进行检测分型 ,并用这两个基因座PCR引物序列与DNA数据库进行联网对比分析。自制的D2 0S16 1和D8S384两个DNA分型试剂盒能对人血、人精液、人唾液、人血与动物血的混合检材分型 ,而动物血没有PCR产物 ;自制的D2 0S16 1和D8S384两个DNA分型试剂盒能对人血痕、人精斑、人唾液斑和人血与动物血的混合斑痕检材正确分型 ,而动物血痕没有PCR产物 ;斑痕检材分型结果与对应体液检材分型结果无差异 ;5 0份陈旧血痕检材全部获得阳性分型结果。DNA数据库联网比较提示 ,D2 0S16 1和D8S384基因座引物除了能与各自的模板序列发生特异性扩增外 ,理论上不能与DNA数据库中 6 0 6 36 4种已知序列产生PCR产物。D2 0S16 1和D8S384两个基因座具有高度的种属特异性 ,抗污染能力强 ,不易受降解的影响 ,是解决法医现场生物检材个人识别和亲子鉴定的理想手段     

限制性组合分析法推定男女混合斑中个体分型初探

正混合斑是指包含两名或两名以上个体的混合生物检材,在多数情况下,此类检材的DNA分型往往表现为两人或多人的混合分型,使结果分析较为复杂[1]。本文尝试采用2005年国际法医遗传学会(ISFG)推荐的关于混合斑结果分析中的计算方法对混合斑案件中单一个体DNA分型结果进行分析。1材料与方法1.1样本及检验样本由公安部物证鉴定中心提供强奸案件中床单上混合斑检材1份,为日常检案积累,根据案情调查证实该检材系混合斑。DNA检验采用Chelex法提取上述检材DNA,经DNATyperTM15 plus试剂盒扩增后在ABI 3130遗     

5种免提取试剂盒检验滤纸血痕结果的比较

目的探讨5种免提取试剂盒对滤纸血痕样本检验的效果。方法陈旧滤纸血痕(存放时间12～14个月)及新鲜滤纸血痕(存放时间小于1个月)各920份,分别随机分为5组。应用AGCU 17+1、Goldeneye 20A、Powerplex16HS、Identifiler Plus、Identifiler Direct 5种免提取试剂盒进行检验,对比各组检验结果。结果陈旧滤纸血痕5种试剂盒的检验成功率为98.91%～100%,各组间无差异(P>0.05);新鲜滤纸血痕,Identifiler Plus和Identifiler Direct试剂盒检验成功率高于AGCU17+1、Goldeneye 20A及Powerplex 16HS试剂盒(P<0.01);将样本做陈旧化处理后再用成功率较低的3种试剂盒进行检验,成功率分别升至100%、99.46%、99.46%;Identifiler Plus试剂盒扩增循环27次效果优于28次。结论本文5种试剂盒均可用于滤纸血痕的直接扩增检验,但使用AGCU17+1、Goldeneye 20A及Powerplex 16HS试剂盒需将新鲜血痕做陈旧化处理;Identifiler Plus试剂盒需将循环次数降为27次。     

Mucosal Cell Isolation and Analysis from Cellular Mixtures of Three Contributors

In forensic genetic analyses, mixtures of various biological materials are common samples. Micromanipulation, which is performed based on differences in cellular morphology, is an effective method for the isolation of cells from mixtures. In this study, mucosal cell was isolated from somatic cellular mixtures (blood and saliva) based on micromanipulation and a low volume‐PCR (LV‐PCR) platform. One hundred and twenty‐six parallel LV‐PCR processes were performed using an Identifiler^® kit, with 107 reactions yielding single‐source DNA profiles. Among them, 54 full profiles (50%) and 37 partial profiles (13–15 loci) were obtained. Based on the above method, we obtained a single‐source DNA profile from a cigarette butt contaminated by two victims’ blood in a murder case. The generated genotype was used to query a DNA database, and a perfect match was found.     

PuriTyper~(TM)法医学纯化试剂盒的性能验证

目的验证PuriTyperTM纯化试剂盒各项性能指标和法医学应用价值。方法收集及制备抗凝血液、常见案件检材(唾液、烟头、精液、毛发、指甲、骨骼及组织块)、斑痕样本(血斑、唾液斑、精斑)以及模拟添加抑制剂和模仿自然环境中放置的血斑。采用PuriTyperTM纯化试剂盒提取纯化并进行DNA定量,IdentifilerTM复合扩增试剂盒扩增,产物经ABI 3130遗传分析仪进行检测,Genemapper软件分析结果,对该试剂盒灵敏度、稳定性、重复性、检材适应性进行测试。结果采用该试剂盒提取0.1～40μL血液分别获得0.042～26.45ng/μL的DNA。3种斑痕样本DNA产量平行试验结果稳定。不同类型检材重复检验所获IPC的CT平均值在27.60至28.03之间。常见案件检材所得分型与已知结果均一致。结论 PuriTyperTM纯化试剂盒能够满足法医DNA检验的要求,对法医学实践具有重要的应用价值。     

Forensic evaluation of the QIAshredder/QIAamp DNA extraction procedure

The potential to recover genetic profiles from evidence samples has substantially increased since robust and sensitive amplification kits are commercially available. Nevertheless, even the best amplification kits cannot succeed when the extracted DNA is of poor quality. In this study we compared the efficiency of silica (QIAamp DNA Mini Kit), Chelex and Phenol-Chloroform (PC) based protocols to recover DNA from different categories of samples (blood and saliva on cotton swabs, muscles, cigarette butts, saliva on foods and epidermal cells on clothes). The efficiency of the QIAamp system was improved when samples were treated with QIAshredder homogenizing columns. Overall, conventional Chelex or PC protocols allowed to recover conclusive SGM Plus profiles for 61% of the samples considered in this study. Contrastingly, 82% of them were successfully genotyped after being treated with a combination of QIAshredder and QIAamp systems. Our results further suggested that the QIAshredder/QIAamp protocol was particularly helpful to analyze evidence samples with few DNA and/or that were collected on substrates containing PCR inhibitors.     

应用InnoTyper~ 21试剂盒进行毛干检验

目的探讨InnoTyper~ 21试剂盒在法医学实践中的应用价值。方法收集8名无关个体的毛发及唾液样本,采用Auto Mate Express~(TM)自动化法医DNA提取系统提取模板DNA,分别采用InnoTyper~ 21和Amp FeSTR~(TM) Identifiler~(TM) Plus试剂盒进行扩增,并对检验结果进行比较。结果采用InnoTyper~ 21试剂盒扩增时,唾液样本均可检出完整特异性分型,无毛囊毛干分型图谱峰值为57~1 219 RFU,有时可见等位基因缺失;采用Amp FeSTR~(TM) Identifiler~(TM) Plus试剂盒扩增时,唾液样本均可检出完整特异性分型,无毛囊毛干均未检出特异性片段。结论 InnoTyper~ 21试剂盒在无毛囊毛干的检案中具有一定应用价值。     

烟蒂DNA分型的研究

目的 研究烟蒂中DNA提取及其检验。方法 用Chelex-100法提取170枚烟蒂样本的DNA,进行PCR扩增及STR检验。结果 除1名志愿者提供的21枚烟蒂外层纸未能检出STR基因分型外,其余烟蒂外层纸均得到分型结果。加入少许烟丝的样本未能检出STR分型,与口唇接触的海绵有时可检出基因型,6个月内的烟蒂可检出小片段基因座。结论 烟蒂能进行DNA分型,在法医检案中具有应用价值。     

Use of “AnyDirect PCR buffer” for PCR amplification of washed bloodstains: A case report

AnyDirect PCR buffer (BioQuest) permits to perform direct PCR from different kinds of forensic samples (blood, saliva, sperm, etc.) without any DNA purification step.This is very useful in particular when working with small quantity of sample since it avoids the risk of loosing sample step by step as often happens with traditional DNA extraction procedures.In the present casework we analyzed some bloodstains found by luminol test onto washed clothes and linen: all samples were analyzed either using the AmpFlSTRs Identifiler kit (Applied Biosystems).     

Development and validation of the AmpFlSTR MiniFiler PCR Amplification Kit: a MiniSTR multiplex for the analysis of degraded and/or PCR inhibited DNA

DNA typing of degraded DNA samples can be a challenging task when using the current commercially available multiplex short tandem repeat (STR) analysis kits. However, the ability to type degraded DNA specimens improves by redesigning current STR marker amplicons such that smaller sized polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products are generated. In an effort to increase the amount of information derived from these types of DNA samples, the AmpFlSTR MiniFiler PCR Amplification Kit has been developed. The kit contains reagents for the amplification of eight miniSTRs which are the largest sized loci in the AmpFlSTR Identifiler PCR Amplification Kit (D7S820, D13S317, D16S539, D21S11, D2S1338, D18S51, CSF1PO, and FGA). Five of these STR loci (D16S539, D21S11, D2S1338, D18S51, and FGA) also are some of the largest loci in the AmpFlSTR SGM Plus kit. This informative nine-locus multiplex, which includes the gender-identification locus Amelogenin, has been validated according to the FBI/National Standards and SWGDAM guidelines. Our results demonstrate significant performance improvements in models of DNA degradation, PCR inhibition, and nonprobative samples when compared to the AmpFlSTR Identifiler and SGM Plus kits. These data support that the MiniFiler kit will increase the likelihood of obtaining additional STR information from forensic samples in situations in which standard STR chemistries fail to produce complete profiles.     

Developmental Validation of the PrepFiler™ Forensic DNA Extraction Kit for Extraction of Genomic DNA from Biological Samples*

Abstract: The PrepFiler? Forensic DNA Extraction Kit enables isolation of genomic DNA from a variety of biological samples. The kit facilitates reversible binding of DNA with magnetic particles resulting in high DNA recovery from samples with very low and high quantities of biological materials: 0.1 and 40 μL of human blood (donor 2) provided 14 and 2883 ng of DNA, respectively. Following the revised SWGDAM guidelines, performance of the developed method was investigated using different sample types including saliva on swabs, semen stains on cotton fabric, samples exposed to environment, samples with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors, blood stains (on denim, cotton cloth, and FTA^® paper), and touch evidence‐type samples. DNA yields for all samples tested were equal or better than those obtained by both phenol–chloroform extraction and commercial kits tested. DNA obtained from these samples was free of detectable PCR inhibitors. Short tandem repeat profiles were complete, conclusive, and devoid of PCR artifacts.     

AGCU免提取STR荧光检测试剂盒的验证

目的考察AGCU免提取STR荧光检测试剂盒．对保存在滤纸片或FTA卡上血液样本的直接扩增检测情况。方法使用人GCU免提取STR荧光检测试剂盒,对未经提取的滤纸片血液样本、FTA卡血液样本675份进行直接扩增和18个基因座的DNA分型,并对结果的可靠性进行研究。结果18个基因座检测结果与PP16和ID试剂盒分型结果一致,2000年数据库样本成功率92．3％,2001年数据库样本成功率92．6％,2004以后年数据样本及案件样本、亲子鉴定样本成功率在99％以上。结论AGCU试剂盒可以成功地对滤纸片、FTA卡样本的18个STR基因座进行直接扩增检测,检验结果稳定,分型准确。