盗窃案件现场检材提取与DNA检测结果的统计分析

目的统计分析1574例盗窃案件中提取的2496个现场生物检材,为提高DNA在盗窃案件侦破中的应用成效提供参考。方法根据2496个生物检材的类型、现场提取方法、重点提取部位、DNA检测结果等进行统计和分析比较,总结常见类型盗窃案件现场生物检材的主要发现提取部位以及不同方法提取的现场生物检材DNA检出率。结果接触类检材已成为盗窃案件最多见的生物检材类型,但检出率仍然较低,对混合分型应进一步分析筛选以提高DNA的认定率;不同方法提取的现场生物检材在DNA检出率方面存在统计学差异,接触类生物检材以植绒拭子和原物提取的方式为首选;现场生物检材的主要发现提取部位根据盗窃案件的类型不同有所侧重。结论现场勘查人员在盗窃案件中发现和提取到有价值的生物检材是提高DNA检出认定能力的关键因素,应着力培养现场勘查人员的微量生物物证意识,提高现场勘查人员提取和处理微量生物检材的能力。     

浅谈法医物证检验中如何发现、提取生物检材及其在盗窃案件中的应用

本文阐述了公安侦查人员在各种刑事案件的现场勘察和检验过程中,应如何发现和提取案件现场中的生物检材。     

特殊检材的DNA检验3例

法医物证鉴定中,较常见的生物学检材有现场血痕、精斑、毛发、牙齿、香烟过滤嘴及在抵抗中遗留在当事人指甲缝中的生物成分DNA[1].但在实际工作中,发现提取的生物检材复杂多样,对于一些疑难检材在DNA提取方面便成为难点,而这些特殊检材的成功分析往往对案件的定性和侦破起着至关重要的作用.现将3个案例中4份特殊检材的DNA检验报道如下.     

磁珠法提取粪便检材DNA

正疑难生物检材的发现、提取和检验越来越多地应用到了各类刑事案件的侦破中,并发挥了良好的作用。现场粪便检材因其中含有的抑制物种类繁多并且不易去除,检验成功率不高。本研究采用磁珠分离试     

刑事现场188份接触DNA检材法医学检验分析

目的分析188份接触DNA检材的提取、送检和检验结果,探讨接触DNA检出率及可能影响接触DNA检验的因素。方法收集本辖区2016年1月至2016年10月提取并送检的188份接触DNA检材,按照检材载体性质、提取方法、送检时间、检出率等进行分类,采用SPSS13.0软件对数据进行统计分析和χ2检验。结果188份接触DNA检材成功进行STR分型的有38份,检出率为20.21%;其中表面质软、粗糙的载体接触DNA检出率58.82%,高于其它载体接触DNA检出率组的差异具有统计学意义;直接原物提取的接触DNA检材检出率42.11%,高于脱落细胞粘取器提取、棉签拭子转移提取的检出率组的差异具有统计学意义;送检时间早的检材检出率高于送检时间晚的检材组且具有统计学意义。结论接触DNA检材的检出率受载体性质、提取方法、送检时间等因素影响,日常现场勘查时要注重发现检出率高的载体上的接触DNA选择适当的方法提取,并及时送检。     

接触性DNA及其现场发现

接触性DNA类检材在案件侦破和法庭证据中的作用越来越重要.本文指出对现场的接触性DNA的发现.提取策略,附着于不同载体上DNA的提取方法以及生物物证污染防控体系建立的探索将有助于此类检材的利用.     

接触DNA在侦查实践中的应用

随着DNA提取和检验技术的进步与不断发展,犯罪现场遗留的DNA对于刑事犯罪侦查中犯罪嫌疑人的确定有着举足轻重的作用,但同时犯罪嫌疑人的反侦察意识越来越强,在作案过程中以及实施犯罪行为后遗留在现场的物证微乎其微。因此在对现场物证进行采集的过程中,接触性生物物证的发现、提取和DNA检出越来越重要。目前在犯罪现场中接触性检材所占的比例越来越大,对于案件的侦破也发挥着越来越大的作用。然而这些接触性检材一般极其微量、体积小、较为隐蔽、肉眼不易观察,且现场的各种污染大大加快了这种微量检材的降解速率,因此对于这类检材的检验和分析就成了法医物证检验工作的重点和难点。本文综述了接触DNA的种类、采集和提取方法,影响其检出的因素以及检验中遇到的问题,以期能更好地将其运用到法医学鉴定实践中。     

脱落细胞DNA检验破获系列团伙盗窃案1例

正对大部分基层实验室来说,常规生物检材DNA检验技术已经成熟,随着犯罪手段的多样化,反侦察能力的提升,现场发现血斑、精斑、唾液斑等常见生物物证的几率越来越低,要进一步发挥DNA在侦查破案中的作用就要提高对现场疑难检材的检出率。本实验室在实际工作中成功检出一枚指纹DNA分型,成功破获系列团伙盗窃案。1案例资料1.1简要案情及检材提取某年某区(县)发生1起入室盗窃案,经现场勘     

衣帽上脱落细胞微量DNA检测方案初探

由于个案中微量DNA检材的成功提取及STR检测技术的不断提高,强化了现场勘察人员提取衣帽上脱落细胞微量DNA检材的意识。针对本实验室受理的此类检材逐渐增多及衣帽上微量DNA检材的特点,本文作者在检案中摸索出通过多重提取、纯化并选择最佳扩增体系的检测方案,明显提高了检测成     

电工胶带上人体接触性DNA检验

<正>1案例检验1.1检材实际案例中提取的电工胶带3份,其中1号检材为某敲诈案犯罪现场(办公室)内针孔摄像头上缠绕的电工胶带;2号检材为某持枪抢劫案现场提取的碎裂枪头碎片上缠绕的电工胶带;3号检材为某爆炸案现场提取散落的电线末端上缠绕的电工胶带。1.2检验方法样本提取分别将上述3份电工胶带与缠绕物体剥离,各剪取0.5cm×1cm大小,置于1.5m L离心     

The Use of Adhesive Tape for Recovery of DNA from Crime Scene Items

Abstract: The selection of the appropriate method of collection of biological material from crime scene items can be crucial to obtaining a DNA profile. The three techniques commonly used for sampling items are: cutting, swabbing, and taping. The tape sampling technique offers an advantage, in that it enables the collection of a potentially highly informative source of DNA, shed epithelial cells, from selected areas on crime scene items (the inside fingers of a glove, for instance). Furthermore, surface collection of biological material by taping reduces co‐sampling of known PCR inhibitors such as clothing dyes. The correct choice of tape for crime scene item sampling is important. Not all tapes are suitable for biological trace evidence collection as well as DNA extraction. We report on one tape that met both these criteria. Three different cases are presented which demonstrate the usefulness of adhesive tape sampling of crime items. Finally, the advantages of the tape collection technique are discussed and guidelines for preferred areas of tape sampling on various casework items are presented.     

嗜尸性昆虫证据在案发现场的分布研究

为了明确案发现场昆虫证据的分布,为法医昆虫学现场昆虫证据收集提供借鉴,我们利用猪尸体进行模拟,对现场昆虫的分布进行了调查,重点观察了大头金蝇、丝光绿蝇、绯颜裸金蝇、厚环黑蝇、阎甲科、隐翅甲科、埋葬甲科和皮蠹科昆虫的活动情况。结果表明,昆虫标本主要分布于尸体上及现场约10米范围的地面和地下,据此我们提出了法医昆虫学现场取样规范。     

Estimating drop-out probabilities of STR alleles accounting for stutters,detection threshold truncation and degradation

Allelic drop-out continues to be a challenge to forensic geneticists when interpreting crime scene evidence and calculating the evidential weight. Methods exist for estimating the probability of allelic drop-out, where the most promising methods use the signal intensities as input for quantifying the drop-out probability. Using data from real crime cases, we demonstrate that taking degradation of the biological material and truncation of the data due to a detection threshold into account is superior to previous approaches. An additional correction for stuttering effects showed limited improvement.     

玻璃破碎的物证分析研究

玻璃碎片及形态是案发现场常见的物证形式,开展对玻璃的物证分析研究,能够确定玻璃的来源与种类,推断玻璃破碎原因等,为案件的取证、重建和侦破提供线索和证据。简要介绍了常见玻璃的种类,分析了玻璃破碎的根本原因,总结了低速冲击和高速冲击下玻璃破碎的形态特征,还从玻璃碎片收集和检验两个方面探讨了玻璃实体物证的分析。     

剥离重叠的犯罪行为与其他行为的侦查价值

立足犯罪现场,历来是侦查人员认识和分析犯罪现场的根本。但犯罪现场是一个非常复杂的社会现象及社会行为的存储场所及空间。侦查人员应用不同的认识及方法,力从犯罪现场发现与犯罪有关的线索及证据,这是其最重要的任务。但犯罪现场的复杂性是难以预料的。有的现场既存有犯罪行为,也还遗留着其他与犯罪行为有关的其他行为,即本文所述的非犯罪行为。将犯罪行为与非犯罪行为剥离,从中发现证实犯罪有关的证物及线索,是新的侦查思路。     

Assessing DNA recovery and profile determination from bloody snow

Successful DNA typing of forensically relevant evidence is reliant on both the quality and quantity of biological material recovered from a crime scene. In geographical areas of the world exposed to cold climates, it is not uncommon for biological evidence to encounter a diversity of challenging surfaces and environments, including snowy surfaces. Currently, there is no standard protocol for recovery of bloodstain evidence in snow and very few publications exploring adequate methods of recovering biological evidence from snowy surfaces. In this study, three common substrates (e.g., cotton swabs, FTA paper, and untreated filter paper) utilized by investigators for evidence recovery were evaluated for their ability to recover human blood (DNA) evidence from snow that would be viable for traditional forensic DNA typing. Each biological sample was extracted and quantified to evaluate the quality and quantity of DNA recovered. All samples yielded sufficient non-degraded DNA to proceed with DNA profiling, where complete DNA profiles were generated from each collection substrate. The experimental findings presented herein demonstrate that the ability to recover viable DNA from human blood collected on surface snow is possible using all three collection methods tested.     

Faux Blood Fingermark on Pistol: Latent Fingerprint Developed by Whole Blood

We present a case of a faux blood fingermark, wherein a natural latent fingerprint on the pistol at the crime scene was enhanced by the whole blood of the victim. A male was shot to death. The crime scene investigator did not find any blood fingermark during the collection of evidence, but a blood fingerprint was noticed in the firearms examination. We identified that the fingerprint was of the victim; a series of experiments on the nonporous substrate were then conducted; the death in this case was classified as a suicide. The phenomenon is interesting, and thus, calls for attention of the forensic community.     

犯罪现场层次论

犯罪现场层次是犯罪现场存在表现及其被侦查人员认知的程度。犯罪现场是由犯罪时间、犯罪空间、犯罪嫌疑人条件、犯罪痕迹物证、犯罪活动过程、犯罪心理、犯罪证据等各种层次构成的复合体。研究犯罪现场层次论也是研究犯罪现场构成要素的存在及其在不同层面的联系。犯罪现场层次也是研究和揭示犯罪现场存在的一种认知。研究犯罪现场层次问题,也可以使我们对犯罪现场状况及其勘查工作质量给以程度判定。     

Swedish crime scene technicians: facilitations,epistemic frictions and professionalization from the outside

ABSTRACT

This article investigates the role of crime scene technicians in the Swedish criminal justice system, and particularly how Swedish crime scene technicians not only examine crime scenes but also facilitate the criminal justice system’s joint production of forensic evidence. It proposes thinking about the criminal justice system as a conglomeration of epistemic cultures, that is, of communities with different ways of producing and understanding forensic evidence. Such a perspective makes it possible to understand interprofessional frictions as epistemic frictions as well as to draw attention to the facilitations, mediations and translations that crime scene technicians perform. This perspective also makes it possible to illuminate how the crime scene technicians’ professionalization – a professionalization from the outside – affects both their future crime scene work and their facilitations.