法定逮捕条件的缺陷

刑诉法第六十条规定,逮捕应当同时具备以下三个条件:第一,有证据证明有犯罪事实;第二,可能判处徒刑以上刑罚;第三,采取取保候审、监视居住等方法尚不足以防止发生社会危险性,而有逮捕必要的。笔者认为,刑诉法对逮捕法定条件的规定存在缺陷,需要加以修改。一、“有证据证明有犯罪事实”这一条件不够科学,应表述为:“有充足证据证明有犯罪事实”。主要理由是:第一,从刑诉法的其他条文规定来看,刑诉法第六十五条规定:“公安机关对于被拘留的,应当在拘留后的二十四小时以内进行讯问……对需要逮捕而证据还不充足的,可以取保候审或者监视居住。”…     

逮捕证明标准的异化及其重构

逮捕的目的主要是保证侦查和诉讼活动的顺利进行,使有罪者受到法律处罚。由于性质和功能各异,逮捕需要建立与立案、拘留、起诉、有罪判决等诉讼环节有区别的证明标准。"逮捕,作为刑事诉讼过程中最为苛刻的强制羁押措施,其适用是受到严格限制的。除了嫌疑人的确存在逮捕的必要外,还要求嫌疑人涉嫌犯罪的可能性达到一定的程度。     

《刑事诉讼法》重点问题解答(下)

18.什么是拘留、逮捕? 拘留是指公安机关在紧急情况下,对罪该逮捕的现行犯或重大嫌疑分子,依法限制其人身自由的一种临时性的强制措施。我国刑事诉讼法第41条规定,公安机关对于罪该逮捕的现行犯或者重大嫌疑分子,如果有下列情形之一的,可先行拘留:(1)正在预备犯罪、实行犯罪或者在犯罪后即时被发觉的;(2)被害人或者在场亲眼看见的人指认他犯罪的(3)在身边或者住处发现有犯罪证据的;     

拘留和逮捕通知书可否同时发出?

来信有两个问题,请予解答: 一、同一个人犯在拘留后,没有向其家属发出通知书,但三天内已经检察院批准逮捕了,是否应当同时发出拘留和逮捕通知书各一份呢? 二、关于“在二十四小时以内”通知被拘留或被逮捕人的家属,应如何理解?     

关于对现行犯适用先行拘留的思考

现行犯是指正在预备犯罪、实行犯罪或者犯罪后即时被发觉的人。刑事诉讼法规定对现行犯可以适用先行拘留。对刑诉法所规定的"先行拘留",理论和实践中众说纷纭,诸如立案前拘留、逮捕前拘留、无证拘留和有证拘留等等。这些观点均有违立法精神,造成了司法实践中对拘留的适用无所适从。先行拘留和拘留是有区别的,对现行犯可以先行拘留,应当理解为"先抓获后拘留"。     

对“李荞明”们也当慎拘慎捕

就在李荞明被关进看守所前十数日,公安部官员要求"对负责企业正常经营的高管人员要慎用拘留、逮捕措施".对于李荞明这个偶然失足、即便是有罪也可能被判处"管、免、缓"的"准新郎",有关方面为什么就不能对他"慎用"拘留、逮捕措施呢?联合国人权委员会指出:"审判前的羁押应是一种例外,并尽可能短暂."但在我国的刑事诉讼活动中,羁押却往往成为一种常态而非例外.刑事案件批捕率居高不下就是个证明.这与我国根深蒂固的"有罪推定"思维定势有关,也反映出目前以侦查为重心的刑事诉讼结构的弊端.     

押解途中的时限规定应当明确

司法实践中,公安机关对潜逃在外的犯罪嫌疑人往往采用委托异地公安机关拘留、逮捕的方法, 当异地公安机关根据案发地公安机关提供的协助拘留、逮捕证明文件(刑事拘留证、逮捕证)对犯罪嫌疑人实施拘留或逮捕,通知发案地公安机关后, 发案地公安机关一般都及时派人将犯罪嫌疑人押解回发案地按办案程序处理。在犯罪嫌疑人从异地被押解回发案地的整个路途中,事实上是被强制性     

对《国家赔偿法》第19条第3款的修改建议

对《国家赔偿法》第１９条第３款的修改建议马文利《国家赔偿法》第１９条第３款规定：“对没有犯罪事实的人错误逮捕的，作出逮捕决定的机关为赔偿义务机关。”这里所说的“作出逮捕决定的机关”包括人民法院和人民检察院。根据《中华人民共和国逮捕拘留条例》的规定，中...     

拘留逮捕制度改革与完善刍议

一、拘留、逮捕制度改革与完善的必要性拘留和逮捕是我国刑事诉讼法规定的两种剥夺犯罪嫌疑人、被告人人身自由的强制措施。根据我国刑事诉讼法第十二条的规定,“未经人民法院依法判决,对任何人都不得确定有罪。”因此,对“法律上无罪”的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人实施拘留、逮捕,     

“罪该逮捕”质疑

1979年2月修订的《中华人民共和国逮捕拘留条例》第6条规定:“公安机关对罪该逮捕的现行犯或者重大犯罪嫌疑分子,如果有下列情形之一的,由于情况紧急,可以先行拘留”。同年7月颁布的《刑事诉讼法》沿用了这一表述方法。笔者认为,“罪该逮捕”的表述颇有研究的必要。大家知道,逮捕是强制措施,而不是处罚措施。“罪该逮捕”,人们不禁要问,是什么罪应该逮捕呢?根据我国《刑事诉讼法》的规定,逮捕必须遵循三个条件:一是主要犯罪事实已经查清;二是可能判处徒刑以上刑罚;三是有逮捕必要。三个条件是互相联系不可分割的统一整体,缺一不可,只有同时具备这三     

医疗机构产前检查过失致缺陷婴儿出生之法律救济探析

因医院产前检查过失导致缺陷婴儿出生之损害赔偿案件在我国司法实践中并不鲜见,但世界各国对此类案件的处理则没有统一规定,在我国也没有相应的法律规范。本文从法理上剖析了人民法院以医院产前检查过失行为侵犯缺陷婴儿父母的生育选择权为裁判基础的不妥之处,评析了"缺陷婴儿不当出生之诉"的侵权不成立、违约救济之困境,提出在我国侵权法体系中应当增加"违反保护他人的法律规定之侵权类型",以消弭此类纠纷在司法实践中法律适用的困惑。     

Health care of the disadvantaged: the elderly

This paper explores threats to the maintenance and expansion of public commitment to financing health care for the elderly. Threats come from rising costs that increase financial burdens, especially on low-income elderly; efforts to contain costs that may undermine benefits; and financing initiatives that treat the elderly as the sole revenue source for addressing problems in that age group. A review of these threats provides lessons not only for sustaining and improving health care for the elderly, but also for policy toward equally or more disadvantaged groups.     

Law and the Building Blocks of the Familiar

This article draws on the insights offered by Francesca Polletta, Calvin Morrill, and Elizabeth Chiarello in their comments on my book, Caring for Our Own: Why There Is No Political Demand for New American Social Welfare Rights ( 2014 ) to further specify the conditions that unleash the emancipatory potential of law. I argue that much of law's emancipatory power lies in its capacity to “construct anew”—to demonstrate new solutions to social problems by connecting the familiar with the strange. Drawing on the case of child care, I find that laws do not automatically provide the cultural resources to construct new claims for state intervention, but that existing laws—and the symbols, narratives, and norms that we associate with them—serve as grist for the political imagination and can be transposed to new contexts or institutions. In the absence of cultural resources in one institution (such as work), advocates can use legal discourse to strategically shift responsibility for a social problem to a new institution (such as education), opening up possibilities for new models, organizational actors, constituencies, and frames.     

Standing for the client: on the interactional becoming of the criminal defence attorney1

In this essay, I explore the meaning of the legal profession (the defence attorney). I carry out my investigation in the interactional register. I suggest that we examine the profession of defence attorney as a professional identity in becoming. I localize the event of becoming in the first attorney-client interview. I propose that it is during the first encounter that the attorney comes to stand for the client as a legal counsel. I further propose that the analogy of ‘standing for’ be accessed empirically through an analysis of a recorded episode from the first attorney-client conference. For my methods I use a combination of frame analysis and conversation analysis. The two analyses show how the attorney becomes to stand for the client as a legal figure moulded in a series of interactional moves. By reformulating and reframing the ordinary talk that is introduced as an entry mode into an institutional relationship, the attorney and the client alter their discursive positions until the attorney assumes his professional identity, that is, becomes to stand for the client in legal action.     

Clashing Rights, the Welfare of the Child and the Human Rights Act

Under the Human Rights Act so far there has been until very recently little judicial or even academic recognition of the difference between resolving clashes of Convention rights and addressing conflicts between utilitarian concerns and such rights. This article has chosen to illustrate that failure of recognition and to consider methods of resolving the conflict between rights, by concentrating on one particular clash of rights – that between media free speech under Article 10 and the privacy of children under Article 8. It argues for presumptive equality for the two rights and for conducting a 'parallel analysis' of their application to the circumstances of a particular case. It contends that therefore the principle that the child's welfare is paramount must be abandoned in its present form, as must the presumptive priority accorded to Article 10 where that principle is not found to apply.     

当今世界法律环境及其对中国民法典制定的影响

中国已经开始着手制定民法典。论述了20世纪法律发展中出现的几个现象,分析它们可能对我国民事立法产生的影响,尤其是对民法的制定产生的影响,提出在制定民法典的过程中应全面了解重新法典化和法典修改的本质,研究现代中的法典化技巧,制定出适应现代社会发展的民法典。     

条款增补:我国信托法中的重要创造性规定的完善

关于确认信托财产所有权由委托人享有、将信托合同定性为诺成合同、确认委托人享有因其重大侵权行为而变更受益人或解除信托的权利和确认受托人可以向信托财产权利归属人行使报酬权和补偿权的规定,为我国信托法中重要的创造性规定,对它们需要通过增补关于遗嘱信托的信托财产所有权由受益人享有、委托人负有交付信托财产义务、受托人因不同意而辞任与解任和在特定情形下权利归属人可以拒绝满足该报酬权和补偿权的规定来完善。     

“无意入镜者”个人信息权益的保护——以公共场所的个人信息权益为视角

随着科技的发展,公民更加频繁地用镜头记录其日常生活。在公共场所,拍摄者有可能也将他人摄入镜头之中,构成了"无意入镜者"的情形。我国《民法典》与《个人信息保护法》并未将"无意入镜者"在公共场所中的个人信息权益与非公共场所的个人信息权益进行区分对待,无论个人信息是否属于私密,都可以得到保护。在"无意入镜者"个人信息权益与拍摄者权益平衡的问题上,应对我国《民法典》与《个人信息保护法》确立的关于个人信息保护的告知同意规则进一步做出解释。公共场所本身的属性,意味着"无意入镜者"存在自行公开个人信息的可能。对于被认定为自行公开的个人信息,拍摄者无需再取得"无意入镜者"的同意。除此之外,在公共场所中,履行告知同意义务既应当像服务提供商或者公权力机构采集民事主体个人信息一样严苛,同时可以适用默示同意的推定行为的空间而无需取得"无意入镜者"的明示同意。     

春秋战国土地制度变革动力再探讨

生产力对春秋战国土地制度变革的决定性作用,是为实现变革提供基本条件,而不是直接动力.土地制度变革是一种制度创新,是人的创造性活动,只有通过具有意识能动作用的人的实践活动才能实现.春秋战国土地制度变革的直接动力是人们的实践活动.从井田制到授田制的变革,是家族公社公有制到个体家庭所有制变革的漫长私有化过程的结果.     

Aiming at the chest, but hitting the back

Gunshot injuries in the back may suggest the unjustified use of firearms. A wound in the back inflicted by a firearm should not automatically imply that the shooter aimed at the back. A previous study demonstrated that it is possible for men to turn their trunk faster than it takes for a shooter to fire or throw a hand-operated weapon. With a high speed motion camera the authors were able to demonstrate that it is also possible for women to turn their trunk fast enough, so that a shot in the back could have been aimed at the front of the body. This conclusion is also likely to apply to hand-operated or thrown weapons, since the velocity of their projectiles is considerably lower than that of firearms.