徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪若干问题探究

对徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪的若干问题进行探讨:关于"行政执法人员"的范围,主张"职权享有论",行政执法人员是指享有和行使行政职权的人员;关于"依法应当移交"的理解,应区分"依法移交"与"应当移交";同一违法行为引起的行政处罚与刑事处罚应合并适用,在程序适用上应坚持刑事优先原则,行政执法机关移交刑事案件前不应先予作出行政处罚.     

受贿后徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件应数罪并罚

徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪,是指行政执法人员为徇私情、私利,对依法应当移交司法机关追究刑事责任的不移交,情节严重的行为。行为人实施徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件犯罪过程中,如果徇私所获利益数额不大,达不到受贿罪的起刑数额标准则行为人的行为只符合徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪的犯罪构成,应以徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪定罪处罚;如果行为人徇私所获利益数额较大,触犯了刑法第三百八十五条的规定时,又涉嫌受贿犯罪,此时,对行为人的行为如何认定以及如何处罚理论上存在不同的认识,司法实践中也存在较大争议。笔者结合实际,对此作些粗浅的探讨。…     

论徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪的司法适用

徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪是指行政执法人员徇私舞弊,对依法应当移交司法机关追究刑事责任的案件不移交,情节严重的行为。有关本罪的司法适用,主要有以下几个问题需要重点研究:一、“行政执法人员”的含义与范围简单地说,行政执法人员就是从事行政执法的工作人员。那么何谓行政执法?对此,行政法学界存在不同看法。一种观点认为,所谓行政执法,是指行政主体执行、适用法律及从属于法律的法规、规章的活动,是行政主体处理涉及特定行政相对方特定事项的具体行政行为。行政执法行为的主体包括行政机关和法律、法规授权的组织。①根据这种观点,所…     

试论“行政执法人员”在刑法上的界定

行政执法人员是代表国家行使行政执法权的人员。徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪的主体就是行政执法人员。理论上对行政执法少有明确、具体解释,对“行政执法人员”在行政法学和刑法理论上均存在不同认识。如何准确界定它的范围,直接影响对徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪的认定。     

徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪主体的认定

徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪的主体是行政执法人员 ,但如何确定行政执法人员的范围法学界却存在分歧。笔者认为行政执法人员应该包括根据法律、法规授权或者受行政机关委托从事行政执法工作的个人和组织中的有关人员 ;其次 ,对公安机关工作人员行为性质的认定要根据具体情况综合各种学说予以判断 ;再次 ,监察人员应属于行政执法人员 ,而单纯的纪检人员不具有行政执法人员的身份     

浅析徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪的犯罪对象

《刑法》第四百零二条规定“行政执法人员徇私舞弊，对依法应当移交司法机关追究刑事责任的不移交，情节严重的，处3年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；造成严重后果的，处3年以上7年以下有期徒刑”。最高人民法院和最高人民检察院分别通过司法解释将该条规定的犯罪罪名确定为“徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪”。从此罪名上看，似乎本罪的犯罪对象即行政执法人员不移交的对象为“刑事案件”是没有疑问的。     

徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪的司法认定

我国刑法第402条规定的询私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪,是指行政执法人员询私情、私利,隐瞒情况,弄虚作假,对依法应移交司法机关追究刑事责任的刑事案件,不移交司法机关处理,情节严重的行为。徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪是1997年刑法中新增加的罪名。此前,对这类行为以1979年刑法第188条规定的佝私舞弊罪论处。1996年3月17日第八届全国人大第四次会议通过的《中华人民共和国行政处罚法》第61条规定,行政机关为牟取本单位利润,对应当依法移交司法机关追究刑事责任的不移交,以行政处罚代替刑罚,由上级行政机关或者有关邪门责令纠正;拒不…     

徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪问题分析

《刑法》第402条徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪涉及“原案”犯罪人刑事责任认定问题,如果“原案”犯罪嫌疑人或被告人属于依法免除刑事责任或者刑事责任消灭的情形,行政执法人员不移交刑事案件,仍然构成该罪。     

试论徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪的法律适用问题

徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪是指工商行政管理、税务、监察等行政执法人员,徇私舞弊,对依法应当移交司法机关追究刑事责任的案件不移交,情节严重的行为。工商行政管理、税务、监察等行政执法人员手握行政执法权,如果他们违背职责,对依法应当移交司法机关追究刑事责任的案件不移交,必将给国家和人民利益造成重大损失,破坏国家机关的管理活动。本文结合工作实际,就徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪的几个相关问题作简要的论述。     

徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件的时间界限

我国刑法第四百零二条规定，行政执法人员徇私舞弊，对依法应当移交司法机关追究刑事责任的不移交，情节严重的，构成徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪。司法实践中，因“不移交”时限无明确司法解释而产生认识不一致，导致案件在处理过程中存在较大差别。一种观点认为，行政执法人员执法中发现有严重违法情形，应当追究刑事责任的，即应移交司法机关，即发现即移交，否则构成“不移交”；另一种观点认为，行政执法人员应在查清全部事实，作出处理决定后移交，否则构成“不移交”；还有一种观点认为，行政执法人员在一定期限内不移交的，就可认定为…     

退回补充调查和自行补充侦查制度探讨

在出台《监察法》和修订《刑事诉讼法》的基础上,补充侦查的内涵外延及有关结构都有了较大调整,故有必要重新辨析补充侦查的本质属性,建构监察体制改革下补充侦查相关制度和机制.新语境下,办理职务犯罪案件过程中自行补充侦查隶属检察机关侦查权范畴,而退回补充调查并非广义上的补充侦查,正确区分二者间的关系,制度设计上应将证明标准和执...     

从实体自我到关系自我——后现代心理学视野下的自我观

现代主流心理学在考察"自我"时,假设了我们每个人都有一个作为精神实体而存在的"我",它是个体存在的核心,统领着我们的一切.后现代心理学对这种实体自我观进行了猛烈批判,认为根本就不存在所谓真实的实体自我.后现代心理学从社会建构主义出发,将自我视为关系的创造物,是我们在与他人的关系中通过语言建构而成.它将自我理解为关系性的、多元的、变化的、去中心的.从现代社会向后现代社会的转变过程中,人们自我意识观的变化要经历策略操作者、混杂人格和关系自我这三个不同的阶段.后现代心理学自我观的提出对我们理解自身、解决自身的心理问题具有重要意义.     

Differences in suggestibility between 5–6 and 10–11 year olds: The relationship with self confidence

Abstract

Differences in suggestibility and recall between 5–6 and 10–11 year olds were investigated. It was hypothesized that younger children would be more suggestible than older children and that differences in self confidence between older and younger children would influence these differences. It was also predicted that older children would recall more information than younger children, and that this age difference would be less strongly influenced by self confidence. Forty-one 5 and 6 and fifty-six 10 and 11 year olds were interviewed about a video they had witnessed. Several factual and misleading questions were asked, and the percentage of correct answers to the factual questions (to measure recall) and the percentage of incorrect answer to the misleading questions (to measure suggestibility) were calculated. The level of self confidence of the children was measured with six items of the Behavioural Academic Self Esteem Scale (BASE), reflecting self confidence. The outcomes supported the hypotheses: Younger children were more suggestible than older children and this difference disappeared when controlled for self confidence. Older children gave mere information about the event than younger children, and these age differences were, to much less extent, influenced by their self confidence.     

村民自治权研究综述

随着我国村民自治实践不断推进、学术界对农村问题研究的日渐深入,村民自治权逐步成为村治研究的一个核心问题。有关村民自治权的内涵和性质、主体等问题都得到了不同程度的探讨和研究。总体来看,当前村民自治权研究尚缺乏学理性和系统性,存在权利性质和主体界定模糊、内容分类简单、研究语境单一等问题,并且忽视了对村民自治权与党的执政权、政府行政管理权等之间关系的宏观性和规律性研究。     

Head banging as a form of self-harm among inpatients within forensic mental health and intellectual disability services

Introduction: ‘Head banging’ is a common form of self-harm, linked to numerous negative outcomes including significant brain damage. However, little research has investigated head banging behaviour and its correlates in clinical populations. Method: Head banging episodes were identified from the incident records (n = 5417) of two inpatient forensic services (one intellectual disability and one mental health), using relevant search terms. Rates were compared between individual patients, by gender, diagnosis and level of security. Incident accounts were analysed qualitatively using thematic analysis. Results: Head banging incidents occurred approximately every 3 days in each service, with 229 incidents recorded in 1 year. Individual patient rates varied widely, ranging from 1 to 38 incidents within 1 year. Women, and patients in higher levels of therapeutic security, were significantly more likely to engage in head banging. Qualitative incident reports indicated that head banging was associated with mental distress, anger and psychotic experiences. Discussion: Head banging occurs frequently in forensic services, and has documented associations with traumatic brain injury in affected individuals, thus negatively impacting progress through the care pathway and treatment outcomes. Further research should investigate short- and long-term management strategies and treatment approaches, in order to minimise harm.     

FRIENDS WITH MY FUTURE SELF: LONGITUDINAL VIVIDNESS INTERVENTION REDUCES DELINQUENCY

In a field experiment, we use a novel method to test whether instilling a greater sense of vividness of the future self motivates people to act in a more future‐oriented way and reduces their delinquent involvement. We manipulate vividness of the future self by having participants, a sample of high‐school youth (N = 133), “befriend” an avatar representing their future self on a social network website. For 7 days, they reply to short messages from their future self designed to trigger thinking about that distant self. Using repeated‐measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), we find that participants who had been linked to their future self report less delinquent involvement, whereas controls did not. Furthermore, the results of a nonparametric bootstrapping procedure show that this effect is mediated by changes in vividness of the future self, such that increases in vividness lead to lower self‐reported delinquency. We conclude that vividness of the future self holds promise not only as a cognitive explanation for the failure to make informed cost–benefit trade‐offs but also for interventions aiming to reduce delinquency.     

Self‐harm Risk Among Adolescents and the Phenomenon of the “Blue Whale Challenge”: Case Series and Review of the Literature

The “Blue Whale Challenge” is a dangerous Internet phenomenon. As per media reports, it involves a series of life‐threatening tasks imposed by a “curator” to “players,” who must fulfill the whole list, and it ends with the suicide of the player. The authors report the data of five suspected cases of “Blue Whales” managed from January 2016 to December 2017 by the staff of a unit (the “Bambi Unit” of the Pediatric Hospital “Regina Margherita” of Turin, Italy) that is dedicated to the evaluation of suspected abused children. Then, they analyzed this data in the light of the literature regarding self‐harm. This comparison highlights the role of the Internet in the spreading of self‐harm behavior among vulnerable adolescents who are characterized by epidemiological, psychological, psychiatric, social, and cultural risk factors. In conclusion, the authors suggest a multidisciplinary and specialized approach in the evaluation of adolescents who committed self‐harm activities.     

Attachment and Psychopathology Among Formerly Maltreated Adults

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of attachment security and psychopathology in an adult sample of high-risk abuse survivors. Attachment security was conceptualized in terms of two underlying dimensions, the working models of self and other. A sample of 66 survivors of childhood maltreatment completed measures of abuse history, attachment style, and psychopathology. Results demonstrated a strong relationship between a negative view of self and reported psychopathology, regardless of whether attachment was conceptualized continuously or categorically. Findings also revealed that the association of negative view of self and psychopathology was much stronger than that of negative view of other and psychopathology.     

THE SELF‐REPRESENTED LITIGANT: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE BENCH AND BAR

It is widely accepted that the number of self‐represented litigants has skyrocketed nationwide, especially in family law cases. Although nationwide comprehensive data on the number of self‐represented litigants do not exist, anecdotal evidence supports the belief that self‐representation is increasing. The challenge for courts and the entire legal profession is how to respond. Most observers in Indiana would agree that the traditional model of family law litigation—both spouses represented by lawyers settling their disputes before a judge—is no longer the norm in family law cases. Judges face a dilemma: assisting a self‐represented litigant to level the playing field against a represented party is seen by many as violating impartiality, even if the assistance is rendered to create a just result. In an effort to address the situation, the Indiana Supreme Court created the Pro Se Advisory Committee in April 2001. This article explores the long‐range implications of the issue of self‐represented litigants on Indiana's court system in hope that it will provide some insight for other jurisdictions. The first part of the article addresses the numbers of self‐represented litigants by tracking growth or declines in self‐represented cases and assessing whether there are any pockets of self‐represented litigants geographically or in certain case types. The second part of the article puts Indiana into context with the rest of the nation and reviews national trends. The third section reviews Indiana's response to self‐represented litigants over the last decade. The fourth section reviews current and ongoing projects in Indiana. The article concludes that the issue of self‐represented litigants will not fade away and that the challenge that guides the legal profession is how we provide equal access to justice for all who enter our courthouses.     

理解他人：道德教育的哲学视域

理解他人既是发展人际关系的基本前提,也是道德教育的基本目标之一,尤其是在物质主义和个人主义盛行的社会转型期,人与人之间的疏离、冷漠、紧张甚至冲突的现象愈加严重,彰显理解他人的道德意义更加必要。笔者对理解他人的必要性;理解他人的可能性和如何理解他人三个问题进行了哲学思考,并在理解他人与自我价值的实现之间建立起内在的统一关系。