鉴别新城疫病毒弱毒株的抗多肽抗体制备

针对鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)弱毒株F蛋白前体(F0)F2片段的特异结构,人工合成特异性多肽,将多肽与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)化学偶联制备成全抗原后免疫小鼠,制备抗多肽血清.经ELISA检测,该抗体与NDV弱毒株呈阳性反应,而与鸡痘病毒(FPV)、鸡传染性腔上囊病病毒(IBDV)、NDV强毒F48E8株和四平株呈阴性反应.试验结果证明该抗体可以用于鉴别NDV弱毒株.     

重组鸡痘病毒rFPV-VP3-F的遗传稳定性及在鸡体内的表达

为了评价重组禽痘病毒rFPV-VP3-F的遗传稳定性,将rFPV-VP3-F在鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)连续培养20代.对第5、10、15和20代病毒的F基因进行扩增及序列分析,未发现F基因发生氨基酸改变;通过间接免疫荧光方法检测各个代次rFPV-VP3-F中F基因特异表达的情况;将rFPV-VP3-F和禽痘病毒FPV017分别接种于35日龄商品鸡,在免疫后第7、14、21、28、35 d采集各组血清,检测中和抗体效价.结果显示,F基因在重组禽痘病毒中可以稳定遗传,可在CEF中表达相应蛋白,可刺激鸡产生相应的抗体.     

表达基因Ⅶ型新城疫病毒F蛋白的重组鸡痘病毒的构建和筛选

为了构建并筛选表达新城疫病毒(NDV)F蛋白的重组鸡痘病毒(rFPV-F),通过PCR扩增F基因,克隆至pMD18-T Simple载体,进行DNA序列分析和遗传进化关系分析。将测序正确的F基因克隆至笔者所在实验室自行构建的新型鸡痘病毒穿梭载体pTS2GFPV150中,获得重组质粒pTS2GFPV150-F。然后将其与鸡痘病毒FPV282E4株共转染鸡胚成纤维细胞进行同源重组,挑取表达增强型绿色荧光蛋白的噬斑,经多轮筛选获得重组病毒rFPV-F,应用PCR、RT-PCR、Western-blot等方法对重组鸡痘病毒进行鉴定。结果显示,成功获得NDV F基因及重组F基因的鸡痘病毒rFPV-F,并证实F基因已被整合到鸡痘病毒基因组中,且在感染细胞内被成功表达。本研究成功获得了1株表达NDV F基因的重组鸡痘病毒,为下一步开展动物体内免疫研究奠定了基础。     

ELISA检测鸭病毒性肝炎抗体的研究

本文报道用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测鸭病毒性肝炎(DVH)抗体,并与琼脂免疫扩散试验(AGDP)进行了比较。ELISA的特异性与AGDP相一致;而在敏感性方面,ELISA的检出率为100％,而AGDP为60％。在ELISA抗体效价判定上,本文采用阳/阴血清OD值(P/N)≥2.1及阳性血清OD值不得小于0.4的综合阳性判定标准,减少了假阳性反应。研究表明,DVH抗体的ELISA检测法是一种快速、敏感,简便实用而准确的检测方法。     

ClassⅠ新城疫病毒强毒株主要结构蛋白特异性抗体的研制

以新城疫病毒(NDV)ClassⅠ强毒分离株9a5b尿囊液、原核表达的NP、P、M、HN、F五种蛋白为免疫原,接种6周龄BALB/c小鼠制备抗体,用血凝抑制试验(HI)、间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)、细胞中和试验、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和Western-blot方法共同检测所获得的各类抗体。结果显示,成功制备获得了NDV各结构蛋白多抗及12株NDV特异性单抗。免疫特性鉴定结果表明,在获得的12株单抗中,3H7和3H9株单抗为抗ClassⅠHN特异性单抗,仅具有IFA和HI效价,而2A8株单抗却无HI效价;其他单抗均与ClassⅡ毒株存在交叉反应。     

用间接ELISA法检测鸡痘病毒抗体的研究

建立了检测鸡痘病毒抗体的间接ELISA方法 ,用该法检测 2 0份人工感染鸡血清样品 ,抗体阳性率为 10 0 % ,康复期鸡群血清抗体阳性率为 4 3% ,人工接种弱毒疫苗 6 5d和 170d鸡群血清抗体的阳性率分别为 6 0 %、70 %。经反复试验 ,确定了诊断抗原的制备方法和间接ELISA检测鸡痘抗体的最佳反应条件 ,即抗原包被浓度 10 .8μg/孔 ,待测血清最佳稀释度为 1∶10 0。     

基于禽偏肺病毒N蛋白的间接ELISA检测方法的建立和初步应用

为进一步了解我国鸡群禽偏肺病毒(aMPV)的感染情况,加强对aMPV的防控,应用RT-PCR方法扩增出aMPV N基因的保守片段并连入原核表达载体pET32a-1中,再转入Rosseta(DE3)细胞进行表达,表达的蛋白经纯化后作为包被抗原,经一系列条件优化,建立间接ELISA检测方法并进行初步应用。结果显示,成功表达且纯化了重组N蛋白,以此N蛋白建立的间接ELISA方法对新城疫病毒(NDV)、传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)、禽流感病毒(AIV)、传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)、白血病病毒(ALV)、马立克病病毒(MDV)等血清的检测结果为阴性;而阳性血清1∶3 200稀释时仍检测为阳性结果;批内和批间重复性试验的最大变异系数均小于10%。应用建立的间接ELISA方法与商品化aMPV ELISA试剂盒对样品进行平行检测,阳性符合率为95.88%(256/267),阴性符合率为93.22%(55/59),总符合率为95.40%(311/326)。应用本方法对广西地区7个种鸡场和6个肉鸡场的960份血清进行检测,结果,种鸡血清aMPV抗体阳性率为93.33%(784/840),肉鸡血清aMPV抗体阳性率为99.17%(119/120)。本研究建立的间接ELISA方法为该病的早期诊断与流行病学调查提供了技术手段。     

小反刍兽疫病毒Nigeria75/1株F基因的克隆与原核表达

提取小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)疫苗株Nigeria 75/1的总RNA,用RT-PCR方法扩增F基因并克隆到pMD18-T载体中,以鉴定正确的质粒为模板克隆去掉N端信号肽和跨膜区的F基因(F-1)并亚克隆于原核表达载体pET-30a(+),得到重组质粒pET30-F-1,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)进行诱导表达,表达产物进行SDS-PAGE、Western-blot分析,同时将重组蛋白免疫SPF家兔制备抗体,进行间接免疫荧光检测并用ELISA测定抗体效价.结果显示,目的基因正确插入了表达载体,在大肠杆菌中主要以包涵体形式表达,用重组蛋白免疫3次后,兔血清抗体达到较高水平,Western-blot分析说明表达产物能够与兔血清抗体发生特异性反应,间接免疫荧光试验显示重组蛋白免疫兔阳性血清能够识别PPRV Nigeria 75/1株全病毒抗原.表明,重组蛋白在原核表达系统内得到了高水平的表达,并且具有较好的反应原性.     

禽流感H9亚型油乳剂灭活疫苗的改进

用新引进的 6株禽流感病毒 (AIV )H9亚型和现制苗用的AIV H9毒株分别制备AIV H9、AIV H5、NDV二联三价油乳剂灭活疫苗 ,免疫 5日龄和 10日龄雏鸡 ,于免疫当日直至 80日龄鸡出栏期间定期采血 ,用HI法检测相应的AIV H9、AIV H5和NDV抗体。结果表明 ,10日龄免疫鸡的AIV H9抗体效价最高 ,5日龄和 10日龄免疫鸡的AIV H5抗体效价差别不明显 ;用引进的 3号AIV H9毒株制备的联苗对 10日龄雏鸡免疫后 2 0d产生AIV H9保护性抗体 ,一直持续到 80日龄以上 ,期间的抗体平均效价为 6 .72 (lb) ,而现制苗用的AIV H9毒株制备的联苗免疫力较差 ;现制苗用的AIV H5毒株制备的联苗免疫效力仍较好 ;分别接种 0 .2 5、0 .30mL/只联苗的雏鸡AIV H5抗体效价没有明显差别 ,而AIV H9抗体效价以接种 0 .30mL/只剂量的为高 ;不同日龄、不同免疫剂量的试验鸡NDV抗体效价没有明显差异。     

表达新城疫病毒F基因的重组鸡痘病毒实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

采用荧光染料SYBR Green渗入法,通过对real-time PCR反应条件进行优化,建立了real-timePCR检测方法,用该方法定量分析新城疫病毒(NDV)F基因在重组鸡痘病毒(rFPV-F-VP0)第1、5、10、15、20代次中的表达整合情况。结果表明,建立的标准曲线呈现良好的重复性和特异性,与模板浓度呈现良好的线性关系。在线性浓度范围内,随着模板量的减少,其对应的Ct值相应增大,0.99<相关系数(r2)<1,0.8<扩增效率(E)<1.2,熔解曲线为单一特征峰型。本试验精确定量了外源基因在重组鸡痘病毒中的表达水平,为阐明重组鸡痘病毒的表达机理提供了理论基础。     

China＇s Rise vs. International Order Evolution

A heated debate over the rise of China has been going on unabated in the international community for nearly two decades. However, with the elapse of time, the initial divergence of views in the mainstream opinion has gradually diminished and the gap in China policy among nations has likewise narrowed down. Instead, reason and a realistic approach have eventually taken center stare.     

The U. S. Policy toward DPRK: Opportunities and Constraints

布什政府上台以来,始终未能阻止朝鲜拥核步伐.朝核试后,美对朝政策有了新的调整,六方会谈得以复会.但美朝双方受各自国家利益和政策目标的限制,在朝鲜半岛无核化问题上的尖锐分歧难以解决,朝核危机仍存在再度升级的可能.     

Marxist Philosophy vs. International Relations Research in China

This article argues for the confirmation of Marxist philosophy as the ideology that guides international relations （IR） studies in China. Justification comes through the following points. According to Marxism, correct theoretical guidance serves as the prerequisite for correct practice. Marxist philosophy embodies, by nature, righteousness, in opposition to political hegemony. Accordingly, practice under its guidance represents fruitful revolutionary realism. Finally, advanced studies of international relations in this country cannot be separated from philosophical thinking. Using these arguments as background, this article specifically advocates materialism, patriotism, and service to the people as the corner-stone of China＇s IR theory building.     

Excavating Concealed Tradeoffs: How Russians Watch the News

Citizens in democracies are expected to make better decisions if they understand policy tradeoffs. However, politicians rarely have incentives to communicate them; citizens are uncomfortable choosing among valued outcomes; and devising a common metric is difficult. It is not surprising that in the United States the environment provides relatively little cuing or priming of tradeoffs in television news. Russian citizens, on the other hand, face a media environment in which tradeoff cuing is intentionally suppressed by owners' agendas, yet viewers detect concealed tradeoffs even in the absence of tradeoff priming and viewpoint diversity. Analysis of discourse among ordinary Russians in 16 focus groups convened in four cities, differentiated by political reform and media market environments, showed that when watching news in which tradeoffs are thoroughly concealed, viewers challenge stories by offering a broad spectrum of uncued tradeoffs. Tradeoffs come from diverse policy domains and represent a range of cognitive strategies, some of which are considerably more abstract than others and link elements of their observations and assumptions (together with what they can extract from the stories) into complex reasoning outcomes.     

The U.S. Global Strategy as Seen from the Debate in the Primary Election

There may be more than one year to go before the 2008 U.S. presidential election, but the primary election of the two parties has already begun ahead of time. Both the Democratic and Republican candidates for the     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

Constitution of the Chinese Associa tion for Interna tiona l Understa nding(Approved by the Plenary Session of the Eleventh Executive Council on April 2, 2014)

正Chapter I General Rules Article 1 The Chinese Association for International Understanding is a national non-governmental organization(NGO)in the People’s Republic of China.Article 2 The official name of the Association is"Zhong Guo Guo Ji Jiao Liu Xie Hui"in Chinese,or"Jiao Liu Xie Hui"for short.Its English translation is"Chinese Association for International Understanding",and abbreviated as"CAFIU".     

Guide to Authors

正Published by China Institute of International Studies,China International Studies is China’s first English-language journal on diplomacy and international politics for formal circulation.The magazine mainly publishes the latest research achievements of Chinese scholars and specialists on China’s diplomacy,international politics and international relations under such columns as China’s Diplomacy,International Relations,International Politics,International Security,Regional Issues and World Economy.     

My Journey to Artistic Peak

正I was born in a doctor’s family in a village in Heze,Shandong Province.Since the ancient times,Heze has been home to many painters and literature masters due to the influence of Confucianism.My grandfather and greatgrandfather were both good at calligraphy,not least to mention their medical skills.Even by now,senior people in our village still praise them for it.Both of them had deceased before I was born.     

Sidelights on Australian and New Zealand's Rotary Club Delegation's Visit to China

正At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),a 6-member Australian and New Zealand’s Rotary Club delegation visited China from September 23 to September 27.As a staff member of CAFIU,I had the honor to take part in the reception of the delegation throughout this trip.