混合斑精子DNA分析的研究进展

对混合斑的检测分析．一直是法医学特别关注和急需解决的难题之一。文章综述了各种提取和扩展方法在混合斑检测中的应用进展、分析比较了诸多研究方法．并对混合斑中精子DNA分析的应用前景和结果评价进行了评议。     

小鼠2种和人4种精子抗原免疫对小鼠妊娠的影响

目的:观察用小鼠和人不同的精子抗原免疫雌小鼠对妊娠影响.方法:用小鼠2种和人4种精子抗原免疫雌小鼠,采用酶标法检测血清抗精子抗体(AsAb),观察各组小鼠妊娠率及胎仔数.结果:随着主动免疫的进行,小鼠血清AsAb显著升高( P <0.01).精子抗原免疫小鼠8周后,小鼠精子混合抗原免疫小鼠效果最好,妊娠率为零,DTT提取的人精子膜抗原和人全精子抗原免疫小鼠效果较好,妊娠率为16.7%,显著低于正常对照组的63.6%( P <0.01或 P <0.05).结论:在人精子抗原中,DTT提取的人精子膜抗原和人全精子抗原免疫雌小鼠效果最好.在小鼠精子抗原中,DTT、NP-40、Triton-100提取的小鼠精子膜混合抗原免疫雌小鼠效果最好.     

The Persistence of Sperm and the Development of Time Since Intercourse (TSI) Guidelines in Sexual Assault Cases at Forensic Science Ireland,Dublin, Ireland

The persistence of sperm using confirmatory microscopic analysis, the persistence of sperm with tails, time since intercourse (TSI) analysis, and results from the acid phosphatase (AP) reaction from approximately 5581 swabs taken from circa 1450 sexual assault cases are presented. The observed proportions of sperm in the vagina and anus declines significantly after 48 h TSI, and sperm on oral swabs were observed up to 15 h TSI. The AP reaction as a predictor of sperm on intimate swabs is questioned. All AP reaction times gave a low true positive rate; 23% of sperm‐positive swabs gave a negative AP reaction time. We show the AP reaction is an unsafe and an unreliable predictor of sperm on intimate swabs. We propose that TSI not AP informs precase assessment and the evaluative approach for sexual assault cases. To help inform an evaluative approach, TSI guidelines are presented.     

应用免疫磁珠分离混合斑中精子

目的探讨应用免疫磁珠法分离精子-上皮细胞混合液中精子的可行性。方法制备不同比例的精子-上皮细胞混合液各15例,分别应用免疫磁珠法及差异裂解法提取精子,经PCR扩增进行DNA-STR分型,比较两者的差异。结果免疫磁珠可以特异性捕获精子,对精子个数为500～2 000/mL的混合斑STR分型成功率(正确分型13个以上,RFU200)为93.33%,差异裂解法为46.67%,两种方法存在明显差异(P0.05)。结论免疫磁珠可有效分离精子和混合斑中其他成分,在精子个数低于2 000个/mL检材中优于差异裂解法。     

Falling in love with a [sperm] warrior: conscripting women’s wombs to the dissemination of a religio-political ideology

This article focuses on the screening and marketing of sperm in Israel as a mechanism for enlisting women’s wombs to political goals. The background for the analysis is the recent rise in demand for sperm from combat soldiers during the war between Israel and Hamas. The data-set for the project is comprised of multiple sources which converge to provide evidence for the transfusion of Zionist ideology into sperm donation. The article suggests the compatibility of the venerated status gained by donors who are Israeli Defense Force combatants with Zionist militarism. The banks screen candidates for sperm donation based on their military service and military health profile. The discursive climate which glorifies ‘warriors’ permeates sperm marketing, contributing to the cultural reproduction of a militaristic ideology. The article concludes by contending that sperm banks provide a platform for a subversive discourse that triggers Enloe’s thesis of patriotic motherhood and the role of women in the process of militarization.     

精斑检验干扰因素的研究

目的研究精斑检验中预试验与确证试验结果的关系,以及取材时间、生活习惯对确证检验结果的干扰。方法取376例阴道拭子,用酸性磷酸酶(ACP)染色法、斑点ELISA法和抗人精PSA金标试纸法检测检测精斑。结果ACP阴性时,可检出P30、精子,性生活后精斑确证检验大部分阳性检出分布在48小时以内样本中,结果经X2检验,P<0.01,差异性显著,而不同的生活习惯对P30检测具有显著性差异。结论研究结果对精斑的检验以及检材的提取具有推广应用和指导性意义。     

HE染色涂片上精子DNA的提取与HLA-DQa基因扩增分型

本文对ＨＥ染色涂片上精子ＤＮＡ的提取、ＰＣＲ扩增分型的可行性与可靠性进行了研究。２０张ＨＥ染色涂片的实验结果表明：ＨＥ染色涂片上的精子是可以被回收并提取到ＤＮＡ进行ＨＬＡ－ＤＱａ基因的ＰＣＲ扩增分型的，其分型结果准确可靠。这说明精子的ＨＥ染色涂片也是进行ＤＮＡ分析的一种很好的检材来源。     

SPERM DONOR OR THWARTED FATHER? HOW WRITTEN AGREEMENT STATUTES ARE CHANGING THE WAY COURTS RESOLVE LEGAL PARENTAGE ISSUES IN ASSISTED REPRODUCTION CASES

In recent years, the use of assisted reproduction has risen dramatically in the United States, allowing individuals who face various reproductive challenges, including infertility or absence of a heterosexual partner, to conceive biological children. While assisted reproduction has expanded to meet the needs of these parents, the legal system remains years behind, often leading to complicated child custody disputes between the parties. State legislatures have responded to the call for increased regulation of legal parentage in assisted reproduction in varying ways, although one popular statutory approach requires a known sperm provider to preserve his intention to parent in a written agreement with the woman. This article will argue that written agreement statutes are an effective means for resolving parentage disputes because of their ability to protect pre-insemination intent and encourage private ordering of conflicts among the parties. These issues will be explored through the lens of a recent case decided by the Kansas Supreme Court, In Re K.M.H. , where the court enforced a written agreement statute against a sperm provider despite his equal protection and due process challenges.     

DNase-I纯化结合碱性裂解法提取混合斑精子DNA

目的研究脱氧核糖核酸酶I(DNase-I)纯化结合碱性裂解法提取混合斑精子DNA的方法在法医学中的应用。方法收集79份性犯罪案件混合斑检材,分别用DNase-I纯化结合碱性裂解法和差异裂解法提取精子DNA,采用STR荧光标记复合扩增体系进行16个STR基因座分型,并比较检验结果。结果应用DNase-I纯化结合碱性裂解法提取精子DNA,64例检材分型成功;应用差异裂解法提取精子DNA,57例检材分型成功;两种方法比较结果存在显著性差异(P=0.039),DNase-1纯化结合碱性裂解法提取精子DNA的STR分型成功率更高,成本低廉。结论DNase-I纯化结合碱性裂解法提取混合斑精子DNA可提高检验成功率,操作简便,快速,易于自动化,适于法医学个体识别鉴定。     

精子细胞定向捕获与分离技术初步研究

目的探索并研究精子细胞定向捕获与分离技术,初步建立精子细胞特异性分离与DNA提取的方法与试剂体系。方法通过特异性定向捕获复合体（精子特异性抗体一磁性纳米微球）的制备,在一定的试剂体系环境下,实现精子细胞的定向捕获与分离。结果能够实现精子细胞的定向富集与分离,通过后续的提取过程,获得了高质量的DNA,并获得了相应的完整STR分型结果。