长白猪IL-6基因的克隆及其序列分析

用PHA和LPS诱导猪脾和淋巴结淋巴细胞,提取细胞总 RNA,利用 RT-PCR技术克隆猪IL-6的cDNA并进行序列测定与分析。测序结果及同源性分析表明,已扩增到 IL-6 基因,大小约为669 bp,含有1个639 bp的开放阅读框,编码212个氨基酸,其中前28个氨基酸为信号肽,且碱基序列在不同种属动物间差别较大。分组诱导表明,LPS效果更佳,PHA和 LPS联合诱导能使更多的IL-6转录表达。     

Estimating Individual Contributions to Complex DNA SNP Mixtures.,

High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) of large panels of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provides an alternative or complimentary approach to short tandem repeats (STRs) panels for the analysis of complex DNA mixture forensic samples. For STRs, methods to estimate individual contribution concentrations compare capillary electrophoresis peak heights, peak areas, or HTS allele read counts within a mixture. This article introduces three approaches (mean, median, and slope methods) for estimating individual DNA contributions to forensic mixtures for HTS/massively parallel sequencing (MPS) SNP panels. For SNPs, the major:minor allele ratios or counts, unique to each contributor, were compared to estimate contributor proportion within the mixture using the mean, median, and slope intercept for these alleles. The estimates for these three methods were typically within 5% of planned experimental contributions for defined mixtures.     

WTO争端胜诉方"申请授权报复"的程序问题研究——"世贸组织争端解决规则与程序的谅解"第21.5条和第22.6条之间的顺序问题

WTO争端解决机制(Dispute Settlement Mechanism)是乌拉圭回合谈判的一个重要成果,而WTO争端解决机制比起GATT时代的争端解决程序的优越性主要在于它对执行裁决的监督上。体现在"WTO争端解决程序与规则的谅解"(DSU)中,就在于第21条"履行措施的合法性审查"和第22条"申请授权报复"的规定。这两条规定在WTO司法实践中已经成为WTO法执行的砥柱规则,使多边贸易体系解决纠纷的法律体系功能更为强大。但是,WTO的立法和任何立法一样,在具有前瞻性、预测性的同时,不可避免地具有一些滞后性,甚至在立法的当时受各种利益因素的制约,在立法上留有一些空白。针对DSU第21条和第22条规定的内在冲突,从分析WTO以往发生的案例入手,综合WTO专家小组对此问题的解释,结合各国提出的建议,对此问题进行论述。     

An ambiguous sequence-based allele of SE33

SE33 was a well-known autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) marker that was high polymorphic and therefore was high discrimination power. The sequence structure of STR markers has been increasingly explored with next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. The sequencing resulted in the development of a new locus designation and allele nomenclature that was also backward compatible with the conventional capillary electrophoresis. SE33 was one of the STR markers that had been coamplified by Forenseq™ Signature Prep Kit (Verogen) but were not analyzed and illustrated in the Universal Analysis Software (UAS) (Verogen). This study reported an ambiguous sequence-based allele 16.3 of the SE33 locus. This allele was observed while analyzed by STRait Razor 3.0. The configuration file was modified from the previous studies to include 15 bp of 5′ flanking region and 24 bp of 3′ flanking region. The ambiguous allele was called 16.3 (106 bp) with a read count of 2070. However, the sequence of the repeat region cannot be designated as allele 16.3. Several possible scenarios for allele designation were presented and discussed.     

胸膜肺炎放线杆菌APXⅡA基因的克隆及序列测定

用PCR法从胸膜肺炎放线杆菌 (APP) 7型的DNA提取物中扩增出大小为 2 873bp的APXⅡA基因片段 ;将PCR产物重组到质粒载体 pMD 18 T中 ,并对重组质粒进行酶切分析及序列测定。结果表明 ,克隆片段为完整的目的基因 ,该片段的核苷酸序列与国外分离株M 30 6 0 2的同源性达 99.7%。     

新城疫病毒V4株L基因的克隆与序列分析

设计了 2对引物V4L1、V4L2和V4L3、V4L4 ,用RT PCR法对新城疫病毒 (NDV )V4克隆株的L基因进行了分段克隆。用V4L1、V4L2扩增出约 4 .1kb的V 4LA片段 ,用V4L3、V4L4扩增出约 3.5kb的V 4LB片段 ,分别对克隆出的 2个片段进行序列测定 ,并用DNAsis软件比较分析后进行拼接 ,得到长约 7.2kb、包含有NDVV4克隆株L基因全长的核苷酸序列。NDVV4克隆株L基因mRNA全长为 6 70 4bp ,拥有 1个 6 6 15bp的开放阅读框 ,推测其编码的氨基酸数为 22 0 4个。氨基酸同源性分析表明 :V4克隆株与HB92V4株L基因的同源性为 99.0 % ,与LaSota、B1、B1T(美国Takaaki分离株 )、BeaudetteC、Clone30、F4 8E9、SF0 2和ZJ1株的同源性为 94 .1%～96 .5 %。     

猪瘟野毒E2基因同源性比较

以人工感染发病猪的脾为材料提取总RNA ,根据已报道的猪瘟病毒基因组序列 ,设计合成了 2对引物 ,以总RNA为模板 ,利用反转录聚合酶链式反应 (RT PCR)、套组聚合酶链式反应(nPCR)及测序技术 ,对流行于我国甘肃省、陕西省、宁夏和广西自治区的 5株野毒株的主要外膜糖蛋白E2基因的核苷酸序列进行了测定 ,用DNAstar软件比较分析了 5株野毒之间及其与猪瘟兔化弱毒株 (C ST株 )E2基因的核苷酸序列和推导的氨基酸序列的同源性。结果发现 ,5株野毒与C ST株核苷酸序列的同源性为 81.7%～ 83.1% ,氨基酸同源性为 87.3%～ 88.6 % ,表明它们之间存在较大的差异 ;但 5株野毒之间核苷酸序列的同源性高达 98.8%～ 99.3% ,氨基酸同源性为96 .6 %～ 99.2 % ,表明它们之间的差异较小     

Optimization of Human mtDNA Control Region Sequencing for Forensic Applications

Sequencing mitochondrial DNA hypervariable regions I and II (HVI and HVII) is useful in forensic missing person and unidentified remains cases. Improvements in ease and sensitivity of testing will yield results from more samples in a timely fashion. Routinely, amplification of HVI and HVII is followed by Sanger sequencing using the BigDye^® Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing kit (Applied Biosystems) using 4 μL of ready reaction mix (RRM). Each sequencing reaction is then purified through column filtration before capillary electrophoresis. Using lower amounts of RRM (2 μL or 1 μL) and purification using BigDye^® XTerminator^? (Applied Biosystems) instead of columns showed no loss of sequence length and increased the quality and the sensitivity of testing, allowing HVI and HVII typing from mitochondrial genome equivalent to 125 fg of nuclear DNA, or 100 pg of HVI/HVII amplicons. Using this methodology, testing can be completed in 1 day, and the cost of testing is reduced.     

法医学二代测序STR分型准确度与测序深度的关联性评估

目的利用实验数据对法医学二代测序STR分型测序深度与分型结果准确度的关联性进行评估。方法使用商业化基因组DNA制备单一来源和混合的DNA样本,以Thermo Fisher公司的25重早期测试试剂盒进行目的STR片段扩增,每种扩增产物分别使用4种不同的序列标签平行建库,并控制标记每一种序列标签的文库上机量依次占一张Ion 318芯片的1/4、1/8、1/16、1/32。经Ion PGMTM基因测序仪测序,以及Ion Torrent SuiteTM软件进行数据分析;同时对庞敬博等人发表的基于相同试剂盒和测序仪检测的95名中国汉族无关个体的6928条等位基因、影子峰和噪音序列进行测序深度统计分析,寻找测序深度与STR分型准确度的关联性。结果各基因座测序深度随文库上样量减少而呈明显下降趋势。对于单一来源样本,每张芯片上样不超过8个均一化文库可实现全部基因座的完整分型;对于1∶20比例的混合DNA,每张芯片上样不超过4个均一化文库时,未发现微量组分的等位基因丢失。人群数据测序深度统计显示,该体系基因座间存在不均衡性,有必要针对各基因座分别设定分析阈值参数。结论测序深度与法医学STR分型结果的准确性密切相关,各基因座最低测序深度与平均测序深度的比值可作为设定分析阈值的重要参考指标。本研究确定的单张芯片上样数量仅适用于本实验体系,但相关实验设计和方案可供其他实验体系开展类似工作参考。     

Whole Plastome Sequences of Two Drug-Type Cannabis: Insights Into the Use of Plastid in Forensic Analyses

DNA is one of the fastest growing tools in forensic sciences, increasing reliability in forensic reports and judgments. The use of DNA has increased in different areas of the forensic sciences, such as investigation of plant species, where plastid DNA has been used to elucidate and generate evidence in cases of traceability of genetically modified and controlled plants. Even with several advances and the practice of using DNA in forensic investigations, there are just few studies related to the identification of genetic tools for the characterization of drug and nondrug-types of Cannabis. Herein, the whole plastomes of two drug-type Cannabis are presented and have their structures compared with other Cannabis plastomes deposited in the GenBank, focusing in the forensic use of plastome sequences. The plastomes of Cannabis sativa “Brazuka” and of the hybrid Cannabis AK Royal Automatic presented general structure that does not differs from the reported for other C. sativa cultivars. A phylogenomic analyses grouped C. sativa “Brazuka” with the nondrug C. sativa cultivars, while the hybrid Cannabis AK Royal Automatic placed isolated, basal to this group. This suggests that the analysis of plastomes is useful toward genetic identification of hybrids in relation to C. sativa.