高剂量锌及抗生素对预防断奶仔猪腹泻和促生长的影响

将 4 0头 2 8日龄断奶杂交仔猪分为 5组 ,分别饲喂基础日粮、抗生素 (硫酸黏杆菌素 10mg/kg 利高霉素 2 5mg/kg)和高剂量锌 (1、3、5 g/kg) ,观察了高剂量锌、抗生素对断奶仔猪腹泻和生长的影响。试验结果表明 ,抗生素和高剂量锌均能提高仔猪的日采食量和日增重 ,并能大幅度降低仔猪腹泻率 ,从饲料转化率和预防腹泻效果来看 ,以添加 3g/kg氧化锌的效果较好。     

和美酵素对肉用仔鸡生产性能及金霉素组织残留的影响

选用 4 32只 1日龄商品艾维茵健康肉用仔鸡 ,分别饲喂 4种不同组成的日粮 ,即高能日粮添加金霉素 5 0mg/kg(HE +CTC)组 ,低能日粮 (LE)组 ,低能日粮添加和美酵素 5 0 0mg/kg(LE+HC)组 ,低能日粮添加和美酵素 5 0 0mg/kg、金霉素 5 0mg/kg(LE +HC +CTC)组 ,比较饲喂不同日粮鸡的生产性能。结果表明 ,前期 (0～ 2 1d)添加和美酵素组和金霉素组鸡的平均日增重 (ADG)和平均日采食量 (ADFI)均无显著差异 ,但与LE组相比均有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,HE +CTC组鸡生长略快 ,但与LE +HC组和LE +HC +CTC组相比无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。后期 (2 1d后 )各组间ADG、ADFI、增重耗料比 (F/G)差异不如前期显著。从全期饲喂效果看 ,添加和美酵素或金霉素对肉用仔鸡ADG无显著差异 ,但HE +CTC组和LE +HC +CTC组的ADG显著高于LE组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;在同等低能条件下 ,添加和美酵素可提高饲料转化率。LE +HC组的鸡群体重均匀度比HE+CTC组有明显提高。HE +CTC组肉用鸡肝、肾均有金霉素残留 ,以肝中残留量最多 ;而添加和美酵素组金霉素组织残留明显降低 ,肾中未检出     

甘草多糖对肉鸡免疫功能的影响

研究在日粮中添加不同水平甘草多糖（GCP）对肉鸡免疫功能的影响。选用320只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分成5组,每组4个重复,每个重复16只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,其他4组分别饲喂添加甘草多糖 200、500、1 000和1 500 mg/kg的试验日粮。在21和42日龄时,从每个重复随机抽取4只接近平均体质量的肉鸡,空腹称重,翅静脉采血制备血清,测定血清IgM、IgG、IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-6的质量浓度和新城疫抗体水平;然后处死,摘取免疫器官脾、胸腺、法氏囊并称重,测定免疫器官指数;最后剪取小块脾,用来测定IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-1β mRNA相对表达量。结果显示：500 mg/kg组和1 000 mg/kg组的GCP可以显著提高21日龄时肉鸡脾、胸腺和法氏囊指数（P0.05）,1 000 mg/kg组和1500 mg/kg组均能显著提高42日龄时肉鸡脾指数（P0.05）;添加GCP能显著提高21日龄时肉鸡血清中IgM、IL-6、IFN-γ的质量浓度和新城疫抗体水平（P0.05）,并能显著提高42日龄时肉鸡血清中IgM、IL-6和IL-2的质量浓度（P0.05）,其中500 mg/kg组和1 000 mg/kg组GCP血清免疫球蛋白和细胞因子质量浓度较高;GCP能显著提高脾IL-2基因mRNA表达水平和21日龄时脾IFN-γ 基因mRNA表达水平（P0.05）。结论：在日粮中添加GCP可在一定程度上提高肉鸡的免疫器官指数、新城疫抗体水平、免疫球蛋白、细胞因子和脾相关细胞因子的基因表达水平,提高机体免疫功能。     

甘草多糖对肉鸡免疫功能的影响

研究在日粮中添加不同水平甘草多糖(GCP)对肉鸡免疫功能的影响。选用320只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分成5组,每组4个重复,每个重复16只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,其他4组分别饲喂添加甘草多糖200、500、1 000和1 500 mg/kg的试验日粮。在21和42日龄时,从每个重复随机抽取4只接近平均体质量的肉鸡,空腹称重,翅静脉采血制备血清,测定血清IgM、IgG、IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-6的质量浓度和新城疫抗体水平;然后处死,摘取免疫器官脾、胸腺、法氏囊并称重,测定免疫器官指数;最后剪取小块脾,用来测定IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-1β mRNA相对表达量。结果显示:500 mg/kg组和1 000 mg/kg组的GCP可以显著提高21日龄时肉鸡脾、胸腺和法氏囊指数(P0.05),1 000 mg/kg组和1 500 mg/kg组均能显著提高42日龄时肉鸡脾指数(P0.05);添加GCP能显著提高21日龄时肉鸡血清中Ig M、IL-6、IFN-γ的质量浓度和新城疫抗体水平(P0.05),并能显著提高42日龄时肉鸡血清中IgM、IL-6和IL-2的质量浓度(P0.05),其中500 mg/kg组和1 000 mg/kg组GCP血清免疫球蛋白和细胞因子质量浓度较高;GCP能显著提高脾IL-2基因mRNA表达水平和21日龄时脾IFN-γ基因mRNA表达水平(P0.05)。结果表明:在日粮中添加GCP可在一定程度上提高肉鸡的免疫器官指数、新城疫抗体水平及免疫球蛋白质量浓度、细胞因子质量浓度和脾相关细胞因子的基因表达水平,提高机体免疫功能。     

药物饲料添加剂喹胺醇对仔猪的增重效果试验

对2月龄仔猪在饲料中添加不同剂量喹胺醇和喹乙醇,饲喂32 d,证明喹胺醇具有促进仔猪增重的作用,其中150 mg/kg添加量增重效果最佳,并有预防仔猪腹泻的作用;喹胺醇促进仔猪增重和预防腹泻的效果均优于喹乙醇.     

高剂量铜对生长猪血清铜锌铁水平和含铜酶活性及其生产性能的影响

将 60头军牧 1号生长猪 (体重为 19.2 6kg± 1.2 0kg) ,随机分成对照组和试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组 ,共 6组 ,每组 10头 ,公母各半。使用硫酸铜作为铜源 ,对照组生长猪日粮中不添加铜 ,各试验组生长猪日粮中分别添加 10 0、15 0、2 0 0、2 5 0和 3 0 0mg/kg铜 ,试验期为 80d。结果表明 ,日粮中添加不同水平的铜可显著降低血清锌水平 ,而对血清铁含量影响不大 ;试验组血清铜蓝蛋白和铜锌超氧化物歧化酶活性均有明显的增加 ;在日粮中添加不同水平的铜 (15 0～ 3 0 0mg/kg)可明显提高生长猪日增重 ,降低料重比 ,但前期 (0～ 60d)效果优于后期 (60～ 10 0d)。     

温肾益精散对肾阳虚模型大鼠生长性能的影响

为评价温肾益精散在动物生长性能方面的作用,以氢化可的松注射液25 mg/(kg·d)双侧后肢股四头肌交替注射15 d建立肾阳虚大鼠模型。将大鼠随机分为空白对照组,模型组,金匮肾气丸组和温肾益精散高、中、低剂量组。空白对照组和模型组大鼠连续30 d灌服0.9%氯化钠溶液,其余各组大鼠连续30 d灌服相应质量浓度的金匮肾气丸和温肾益精散。检测大鼠30 d平均日增重、平均日采食量,计算其饲料转化率;记录大鼠体质量的变化;用ELISA方法检测血清中生长激素(GH)、生长抑素(SST)和胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)含量,RT-PCR方法检测肝中GHR、JAK2、STAT5b和IGF-1 m RNA表达量。结果显示,与模型组相比,温肾益精散高剂量组大鼠平均日采食量显著降低(P0.05),饲料转化率提高,体质量升高;温肾益精散中剂量组大鼠平均日增重显著升高(P0.05),饲料转化率提高,体质量显著升高(P0.05),血清中GH和IGF-1质量浓度显著升高(P0.05),SST质量浓度显著降低(P0.05),肝中JAK2和IGF-1 m RNA表达量显著升高(P0.05);温肾益精散低剂量组大鼠平均日增重和体质量均显著升高(P0.05),饲料转化率提高。结果表明,适宜质量浓度的温肾益精散可以改善肾阳虚模型大鼠的生长性能,且这种功能的发挥可能是通过JAK-STAT信号通路完成的。     

硒和锌相互作用及对肉用鸡胰腺抗氧化功能的影响

选用健康1日龄AA肉鸡288只,随机分成9组,每组32只,试验观察期为60 d;定期剖杀检测,动态观察试验鸡日粮中不同剂量硒与锌对胰腺组织主要抗氧化酶(SOD、GSH-Px及CAT)活性及脂质过氧化终末代谢产物丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响,并探讨了日粮中硒与锌相互作用对胰腺组织结构的影响.结果表明日粮中低硒(0.08 mg/kg)、低锌(34 mg/kg)、高硒(5.00 mg/kg)、高锌(1000 mg/kg)均不同程度地使胰腺抗氧化酶活性下降,组织清除自由基能力减弱,MDA含量增高胰腺的组织结构受到损伤;日粮中添加硒0.15 mg/kg、锌50 mg/kg能协同提高胰腺SOD、GSH-Px、CAT的活性和胰腺组织抗氧化功能,降低胰腺组织中MDA含量能保护胰腺正常组织结构免受过氧化损伤;胰腺MDA含量与SOD、GSH-Px及CAT活性均呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.7046、-0.4200、-0.4263(P＜0.01).结果显示,胰腺依赖于SOD、GSH-Px及CAT的协同作用以抑制脂质过氧化的进行.     

中草药饲料添加剂对三黄鸡组织器官发育的影响

将 1日龄三黄鸡分为对照组、试验A组和B组 ,每组公母各 2 0只。对照组仅饲喂基础日粮 ;试验A组除供给基础日粮外 ,添加 4 g/kg的中草药饲料添加剂 ;试验B组除供给同样的基础日粮外 ,添加 8g/kg的中草药饲料添加剂。试验结果表明 ,添加 8g/kg水平的中草药饲料添加剂能明显促进热应激下肉鸡肝、肾和胃的生长发育 ;添加 4 g/kg水平的中草药饲料添加剂对热应激下肉鸡组织器官的促生长作用不明显 ;在组织水平上 ,中草药添加剂可在一定程度上减缓热应激对肺和肝的损伤     

高铜对雏鸭肝羟自由基和一氧化氮产生的影响

为观察日粮铜水平对雏鸭肝羟自由基和一氧化氮(NO)产生的影响,360只1日龄天府肉鸭被随机分为6组,分别喂以对照日粮(Cu 8 mg/kg)和高铜日粮(Cu 100 mg/kg,高铜Ⅰ组;Cu 200 mg/kg,高铜Ⅱ组;Cu 400 mg/kg,高铜Ⅲ组;Cu 600 mg/kg,高铜Ⅳ组;Cu 800 mg/kg,高铜V组)6周.与对照组比较,高铜Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和V组肝羟自由基含量和NO含量显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),同时肝铜锌超氧化物歧化酶和一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)活性降低(P<0.05或P<0.01).结果表明,日粮铜水平达400～800 mg/kg时肝羟自由基和N0产生增加,抗氧化功能降低,肝功能受损.     

China＇s Rise vs. International Order Evolution

A heated debate over the rise of China has been going on unabated in the international community for nearly two decades. However, with the elapse of time, the initial divergence of views in the mainstream opinion has gradually diminished and the gap in China policy among nations has likewise narrowed down. Instead, reason and a realistic approach have eventually taken center stare.     

The U. S. Policy toward DPRK: Opportunities and Constraints

布什政府上台以来,始终未能阻止朝鲜拥核步伐.朝核试后,美对朝政策有了新的调整,六方会谈得以复会.但美朝双方受各自国家利益和政策目标的限制,在朝鲜半岛无核化问题上的尖锐分歧难以解决,朝核危机仍存在再度升级的可能.     

Marxist Philosophy vs. International Relations Research in China

This article argues for the confirmation of Marxist philosophy as the ideology that guides international relations （IR） studies in China. Justification comes through the following points. According to Marxism, correct theoretical guidance serves as the prerequisite for correct practice. Marxist philosophy embodies, by nature, righteousness, in opposition to political hegemony. Accordingly, practice under its guidance represents fruitful revolutionary realism. Finally, advanced studies of international relations in this country cannot be separated from philosophical thinking. Using these arguments as background, this article specifically advocates materialism, patriotism, and service to the people as the corner-stone of China＇s IR theory building.     

Excavating Concealed Tradeoffs: How Russians Watch the News

Citizens in democracies are expected to make better decisions if they understand policy tradeoffs. However, politicians rarely have incentives to communicate them; citizens are uncomfortable choosing among valued outcomes; and devising a common metric is difficult. It is not surprising that in the United States the environment provides relatively little cuing or priming of tradeoffs in television news. Russian citizens, on the other hand, face a media environment in which tradeoff cuing is intentionally suppressed by owners' agendas, yet viewers detect concealed tradeoffs even in the absence of tradeoff priming and viewpoint diversity. Analysis of discourse among ordinary Russians in 16 focus groups convened in four cities, differentiated by political reform and media market environments, showed that when watching news in which tradeoffs are thoroughly concealed, viewers challenge stories by offering a broad spectrum of uncued tradeoffs. Tradeoffs come from diverse policy domains and represent a range of cognitive strategies, some of which are considerably more abstract than others and link elements of their observations and assumptions (together with what they can extract from the stories) into complex reasoning outcomes.     

The U.S. Global Strategy as Seen from the Debate in the Primary Election

There may be more than one year to go before the 2008 U.S. presidential election, but the primary election of the two parties has already begun ahead of time. Both the Democratic and Republican candidates for the     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

Constitution of the Chinese Associa tion for Interna tiona l Understa nding(Approved by the Plenary Session of the Eleventh Executive Council on April 2, 2014)

正Chapter I General Rules Article 1 The Chinese Association for International Understanding is a national non-governmental organization(NGO)in the People’s Republic of China.Article 2 The official name of the Association is"Zhong Guo Guo Ji Jiao Liu Xie Hui"in Chinese,or"Jiao Liu Xie Hui"for short.Its English translation is"Chinese Association for International Understanding",and abbreviated as"CAFIU".     

Guide to Authors

正Published by China Institute of International Studies,China International Studies is China’s first English-language journal on diplomacy and international politics for formal circulation.The magazine mainly publishes the latest research achievements of Chinese scholars and specialists on China’s diplomacy,international politics and international relations under such columns as China’s Diplomacy,International Relations,International Politics,International Security,Regional Issues and World Economy.     

My Journey to Artistic Peak

正I was born in a doctor’s family in a village in Heze,Shandong Province.Since the ancient times,Heze has been home to many painters and literature masters due to the influence of Confucianism.My grandfather and greatgrandfather were both good at calligraphy,not least to mention their medical skills.Even by now,senior people in our village still praise them for it.Both of them had deceased before I was born.     

Sidelights on Australian and New Zealand's Rotary Club Delegation's Visit to China

正At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),a 6-member Australian and New Zealand’s Rotary Club delegation visited China from September 23 to September 27.As a staff member of CAFIU,I had the honor to take part in the reception of the delegation throughout this trip.