接触DNA检验成功率的影响因素探讨

人在接触物体后,会在物体表面留下少量的接触DNA,对它的检验是目前法医DNA检验的热点和难点。在不同情况下,接触DNA的STR检验成功率差异较大。影响接触DNA检验成功率的主要因素有个体差异、载体属性、接触时间、遗留时间、检验时能否突出重点部位、检验策略的选取和结果分析等,本文详细综述了接触DNA检验成功率的影响因素。     

Chelex法和两种磁珠法提取接触DNA效果的比较

目的比较Chelex法、DNA IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法对接触DNA的提取效果。方法将稀释为10ng、100ng的标准品DNA,分别采用Chelex法、DNA IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法处理;对30例烟蒂和30例牙刷分别采用Chelex法、DNA IQ磁珠法和EQ国产磁珠法提取DNA,然后进行PCR定量和STR检测。结果Chelex法对DNA的提取无损失,DNA IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法对DNA的提取均有不同程度的损失;烟蒂、牙刷等检材采用Chelex法提取的接触DNA量和IPC CT值显著高于IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法,但STR检验成功率却低于IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法。2种磁珠法提取的DNA量、IPC CT值和STR检验成功率无显著性差异。结论污染轻、杂质少的接触DNA检材,用Chelex法提取最为方便快捷;IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法更适合污染接触DNA检材的提取及自动化操作。     

DNA IQ磁珠法结合Maxwell~（TM） 16自动仪提取接触DNA

目的研究DNA IQ磁珠法结合MaxwellTM 16自动仪对接触DNA提取的应用价值。方法 151份案件接触DNA检材95℃裂解后,采用DNA IQ磁珠法结合MaxwellTM 16自动仪提取DNA,然后进行DNA定量和STR分型检测,统计各种类型的接触DNA含量I、PC CT值和STR分型成功率。结果 151份案件接触DNA检材中,除果核平均DNA获得量为9.51ng以外,其它接触检材的平均DNA获得量均大于10ng,烟蒂检验成功率最高为93%,果核检验成功率较低,为60%。所有DNA样品的IPC CT值均在27左右,纯度高。结论大部分接触DNA检材采用DNA IQ磁珠法结合MaxwellTM 16自动仪可提取到足以进行STR分型的DNA。     

1例土埋2年半尸体的指甲DNA检验

在日常检案中,DNA检验人员通常根据尸体的腐败程度来决定提取那种检材以及采取何种方法得到足够的遗传信息。据高俊薇等[1]报道,当检验腐败尸体的心血、肌肉等组织无法得到STR分型结果时,拔取其指甲进行STR分型往往能得到满意的效果。指甲检验成功率与保存环境有关,土埋1个月以上尸体的指甲DNA经有机法提取成功率不高。本例在处理一起土埋2年半、完全白骨化的尸体时,以指甲作为检验对象,分别以有机法、硅珠法和磁珠法对经Chelex-100提取后的模板DNA进行纯化浓缩,并对其效果进行比较。一、样本来源2005年7月中旬,在距本市某内陆河入海…     

触摸痕中接触DNA检验概述

接触DNA是指人体与客体相接触后遗留在客体表面的细胞内含有的遗传物质。接触DNA的检验鉴定作为一项较新的技术,在日常工作实践中已被广泛应用。基于接触DNA检验的相关研究在国内外均受到重视,本文借助相关文献,对皮肤触摸痕中接触DNA的形成原理、发现与提取、检验中的影响因素以及对检验结果正确地解读和利用等问题进行阐述,以期为相关研究和应用提供参考和借鉴。     

1例土埋2年半尸体的指甲DNA检验

在日常检案中，DNA检验人员通常根据尸体的腐败程度来决定提取那种检材以及采取何种方法得到足够的遗传信息。据高俊薇等报道。当检验腐败尸体的心血、肌肉等组织无法得到STR分型结果时，拔取其指甲进行STR分型往往能得到满意的效果。指甲检验成功率与保存环境有关．土埋1个月以上尸体的指甲DNA经有机法提取成功率不高。本例在处理一起土埋2年半、完全白骨化的尸体时，以指甲作为检验对象，分别以有机法、硅珠法和磁珠法对经Chelex-100提取后的模板DNA进行纯化浓缩。并对其效果进行比较。     

触摸痕中接触DNA检验概述

接触DNA是指人体与客体相接触后遗留在客体表面的细胞内含有的遗传物质。接触DNA的检验鉴定作为一项较新的技术,在日常工作实践中已被广泛应用。基于接触DNA检验的相关研究在国内外均受到重视,本文借助相关文献,对皮肤触摸痕中接触DNA的形成原理、发现与提取、检验中的影响因素以及对检验结果正确地解读和利用等问题进行阐述,以期为相关研究和应用提供参考和借鉴。     

腐败餐厨油污纸屑上DNA检验1例

接触类生物检材因其DNA含量少、污染严重、PCR抑制物多、DNA检验成功率低一直是法医DNA检验的难点之一[1,2]。特别是餐厨纸屑等非常规接触类生物检材,在气温较高,气候潮湿的环境极易腐败。本文通过对腐败餐厨油污纸屑的DNA检验,得到一男性常染色体和Y染色体DNA结果,经数据比对分析,锁定犯罪嫌疑人,成功助破尘封21年之久命案。     

组织切片DNA提取的探讨

在医患关系纠纷中,病理组织切片经常被作为至关重要的证据,但对它的检验是目前法医DNA检验的难点。因样本制作固定的时间、保存环境等不同因素的影响,病理组织切片DNA检出率并不高。本文从实际检案角度出发,详细介绍了病理组织切片DNA提取的过程,并分析了其可能影响因素。     

模板DNA磁珠提取法

<正> 生物检材的DNA分析结果取决于对检材DNA的提取与获得。DNA提取的方法很多,如常规采用的有机酚-氯仿提取法和Chelex-100提取法。前者操作复杂,步骤多,虽纯度高但回收率低;后者操作简便、快速,但纯度低,含有大量酶抑制剂,影响检验的成功率。本文作者介绍一种提取DNA纯度高的快速方法。     

郑州地区食尸性苍蝇及幼虫mtDNA中COⅡ基因序列分析

目的 用mtDNA中细胞色素氧化酶辅酶Ⅱ(COⅡ)基因序列鉴定法医学中常见食尸性苍蝇及其幼虫的种类. 方法 收集郑州地区大白鼠尸体上的苍蝇及其幼虫,提取DNA,PCR扩增CO Ⅱ序列,测序,用Clustalx和MEGA 4.0软件对基因序列进行比对分析及构建系统进化树.结果 成虫与幼虫基因差异不明显,CO Ⅱ基因序列可以对棕尾别麻蝇、巨尾阿丽蝇和亮绿蝇进行鉴定,铜绿蝇与丝光绿蝇进化距离较近,CO Ⅱ序列不能将他们区分开,同时还发现巨尾阿丽蝇和亮绿蝇存在种群单核苷酸多态性. 结论 mtDNA中COⅡ序列能有效鉴定郑州地区部分常见食尸性苍蝇的种类,方法 简便、准确.     

Genetic identification of biological samples buried in clay soil during summer and winter seasons

The analysis of a biological samples found in crime scenes can be a challenging task. Minute amount of DNA, degraded DNA and the presence of inhibitors in biological samples, can interfere with the achievement of a complete genetic profile.Chelating resin, silica membranes and silica-coated with paramagnetic resin were the techniques used in this study for the isolation and purification of DNA. Our aim was to find out the best DNA extraction method for application in the presence of biological samples buried in clay soil.     

低拷贝模板DNA分析技术研究进展

近年来,低拷贝（LCN）模板类生物物证在法医DNA分析中占有了越来越重要的地位。用于低拷贝模板DNA的检测方法也得到飞速发展。本文通过对各种LCN-DNA分析技术如增加扩增循环数、纯化扩增产物、全基因组扩增、激光捕获显微切割等检测方法的综述,以及对LCN—DNA检测结果的分析评价,全面介绍LCN分析技术在法庭科学应用的最新进展及存在问题。最大限度地拓展低拷贝模板类生物物证在刑事司法领域的应用。     

Determination of DNA yield rates in six different skeletal elements in ancient bones

Current sampling strategy for laboratories typing bones for human identification include samples obtained from femur, tooth and temporal bone. Latest studies suggest that the small bones of the hands and feet were very similar or even better in DNA yield. These bones can be easily sampled with a disposable scalpel and thus reduce potential DNA contamination. The aim of our study was to determine the suitability of metatarsals, metacarpals and phalanges for genetic identification. 48 bone samples from 8 different skeletons (six from 18^th century and two from 3rd century) were obtained from 5 archaeological sites in Slovenia. In each skeleton, 6 different skeletal elements were sampled (temporal bone, molar, femur, metacarpal bone, metatarsal bone and proximal phalanx of the hand), and strict precautions followed to prevent contamination. Half of gram of bone powder was decalcified using full demineralization extraction method. The DNA was purified in a Biorobot EZ1 (Qiagen), DNA content determined with the PowerQuant kit (Promega), and autosomal STR typing performed with the Investigator ESSplex Plus kit (Qiagen). Up to 8.75 ng DNA/g of powder was obtained from samples analyzed. The highest yields were detected in temporal bone and the lowest in femur. The success rate of STR typing was evaluated according to the number of successfully typed loci and a strong correlation between the success rate of STR typing and the amount of extracted DNA was confirmed. For all eight skeletons full consensus genetic profiles were determined from skeletal elements analyzed. Our findings suggest it would be suitable to include metatarsal and metacarpal bones in sampling strategy for human identification although further research is needed to substantiate the findings of this study.     

从法医相关性昆虫体内提取人类DNA的研究进展

本文从嗜血性昆虫、嗜尸性昆虫、嗜骨性昆虫及实验技术等多角度阐述了从法医相关性昆虫嗉囔中提取人类DNA的可行性及国际研究和应用进展。     

大鼠死后视网膜细胞核DNA含量变化的图像分析

目的分析死后不同时间大鼠视网膜细胞核DNA含量变化图像,探讨视网膜细胞核DNA降解与死亡时间（PMI）的关系。方法90只成年健康雌性SD大鼠,随机分成15组,死后0—28h内（20℃）,每2h提取视网膜细胞进行Feulgen-Vans染色;采用图像分析系统检测视网膜细胞核的异形指数（ID）、积分光密度（IOD）和平均光密度（AOD）,并运用SPSS12．0软件对测量数据进行线性回归分析。结果视网膜细胞核AOD和IOD随死亡时间的延长逐渐下降,ID则呈上升趋势。28h内各参数变化的回归方程如下：YAOD=-0．009XAOD＋0．590,R^2=0．949,Y100=-0．097X。＋18．903,R^2=0．968,Y10=0．122X10＋2．246,R^2=0．951。结论大鼠死后视网膜细胞核DNA含量随着死亡时间的延长而呈规律性降解,并与PMI具有良好的相关性。     

MiniSTR技术的研究进展

短串联重复序列(STR)是法医DNA鉴定中最常用和最重要的遗传标记,但是对于降解和微量的DNA样品,经常得不到完整的DNA分型甚至分型失败。MiniSTR技术通过设计更靠近重复序列的引物,得到更短一些的STR基因座,提高了降解和微量检材的DNA分型成功率。本文综述了miniSTR技术的研究进展,以服务于法医学实践。     

A study of DNA transfers onto plastic packets placed in personal bags

The ability to detect low level DNA brings with it the uncertainty of whether the detected DNA is a result of transfer. To address this uncertainty, a simulation study was conducted in which a mock illicit drug packet was placed into the personal bags of individuals. When the average transit time of the packets was increased from around 2 h to more than 14 h, the percentage of the DNA profiles recovered from the packets which could be attributed to the individuals increased greatly from 5.3% to 48.6%. We found that drug packers who were poor shedders could not be included as contributors to the DNA profiles from the drug packets at all and there was a higher chance that individuals other than themselves could be included as contributors to the DNA profile recovered from drug packets. We also found that it was equally likely that the drug packers who had direct contact with the drug packets and bag owners who did not, could be included as contributors to the DNA profiles recovered from the packets. The results in this study highlight the importance of taking into consideration the transit time of drug packet, the shedder status of the alleged packer and the history of an item, when evaluating DNA evidence in the context of illicit drug activities.     

图像分析技术测定DNA含量变化推断死亡时间的研究及应用前景

图像分析技术是20世纪50年代发展起来的一门技术,它通过对图像信息的收集、处理、计算、分析而得出图像各部分的数量变化,在生物医学领域已经成为一种常规的定量技术。本文对图像分析技术测定DNA含量的原理、死后细胞核DNA降解的规律及图像分析技术定量DNA推断死亡时间的应用前景进行了综述。     

Analysis of forensic samples in Banco Nacional de Datos Genéticos

Analysis of forensic samples to evaluate the rate of success for molecular markers: autosomal STRs, Y chromosome, and mitochondrial DNA. Since 2006 to date a total of 390 forensic samples were analyzed: bones, teeth, hairs, swabs, stains and paraffin embedded tissue. Bones and teeth, were pulverized in a Freezer Mill, extracted by chloroform/phenol/isoamyl alcohol method, and then purified with Centricon 100 columns. DNA from paraffin was extracted with QIAmp DNA Mini kit (QIAGEN). Mitochondrial DNA Control Region sequences were determined for regions HV1/HV2. Sequencing was performed using the BigDye^® Terminator v 1.1 Kit and analyzed in ABIPRISM^® 3100 Genetic Analyzer (AB). STRs were amplified using Amp FlSTR Identifiler^®, Minifiler^® and YFiler^® Kit (AB) and analyzed in ABI PRISM^® 3100 Genetic Analyzer and ABI PRISM^® 3130xl Genetic Analyzer (AB). Among forensic samples, bones and teeth analyzed for autosomal STRs, we obtained successful results in all of them. Incomplete typing are represented by loci of higher molecular weight, which demonstrates the poor quality of the sample due to its state of degradation and obtained better results using mini STRs. Successful results in sequencing for mitochondrial HV1 region for all samples analyzed, but in few hair samples we obtained mixed sequences and that represented important difficulties for the analysis. Age of samples and conservation are factors related which affect DNA viability. Autosomal STRs solved all the samples analyzed in our study, but Y chromosome analysis and mitochondrial DNA sequencing are also important and necessary markers in some forensic cases.