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住房问题与民生问题息息相关。目前中国在建设住房保障制度的过程中,尚面临着地方政府对住房保障的认识不到位、全国性的住房底数不清、缺乏多样化的住房保障融资渠道、保障性住房开发指标体系建设滞后以及流动人口的居住条件堪忧等问题。在构建中国特色的住房保障体系过程中,一方面要尽快建立符合中国国情的住房保障法律法规体系,明确各级政府在解决住房问题中的责任;另一方面,要进一步完善住房保障体系的制度设计,促进房地产市场稳步健康发展,并大力推进住宅产业化,加快形成省地节能环保的住宅建设模式。 相似文献
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我国经济适用住房政策反思与转型思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1.经济适用住房政策目标多样
明确政策目标是制定具体住房保障内容的前提条件,经济适用住房制度的重心到底是放在社会保障性——定向供应困难对象的福利品,还是经济性——低价微利商品,一直没有得到很明确的解决。这是许多住房问题产生的根源,政策目标多样或模糊势必影响到政策的有效执行及政策执行的连续性与执行效果。 相似文献
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充分保障中低收入阶层住房问题、提供保障性住房是保障民生的焦点所在。政府行为的优化是完善保障性住房体制的重要前提与保障。政府全方位公共服务改革举措如下:完善保障性住房制度体系;制定长远整体性战略政策规划;建立专门管理机构;转变政府职能;树立以人为本的服务理念;健全政府运行激励机制。 相似文献
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加速推进新生代农民工市民化,对于我国在统筹城乡发展的过程中破解城乡二元社会结构难题、推进城市化进程、实现产业结构升级、转变经济发展方式和构建社会主义和谐社会都具有重大意义.当前,新生代农民工市民化主要面临着户籍制度、就业体制、住房以及自身素质等几大因素的制约.因此,应进一步深化户籍制度、就业用工制度及住房制度的改革,并加强对新生代农民工的教育和培训,为新生代农民工市民化创造有利条件. 相似文献
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在政策执行过程中,我们还面临着来自流入地政府、农民工家庭和流入地社会的一系列的困境。为了使政策更好地落实,我们要从观念、体制和制度上加强对农民工子女义务教育政策的完善,从根本上解决农民工子女受教育的问题。 相似文献
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国家、教育分层与农民工子女社会流动:contain机制下的阶层再生产 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
农民工子女实现上向社会流动的阶梯不仅受到流动儿童教育"两为主"政策和从城市回原籍的中考安排影响,在更宏大层面上它还受到国家与农民工关系、学籍户籍双认证的高考安排制约。为适应二元社会结构的渐进转型,经由围堵策略和contain机制,流动儿童独特的教育获得方式成为当下社会分层机制和农民工阶层再生产的重要一环。 相似文献
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Although the government of the People's Republic of China manifested sporadic concern about the nation's rapid population growth beginning at the time of the 1953 national census, it was not until the 1970s that a small family with a maximum of 2 children began to be promoted through a national campaign of education and persuasion. With the subsequent advent of the 1-child policy in 1979, the family planning campaign became a campaign for population planning in which the government no longer limited itself to contraceptive education and distribution, but began to intervene in human reproduction to accomodate it to material production. China's population policy, despite setbacks and delays, has had notable results. No other predominantly peasant society has achieved such a significant fertility decline in such a short time, but the price has been high. The problems have included confrontation with ancient cultural traditions, interference of the government in the most intimate aspects of family life, the sacrifice of a natural desire for children, evasion of marriage and birth registration, and even female infanticide. The incentives and sanctions for the 1-child policy have been primarily economic in nature, but widespread coercion and abuse have been reported. Although China's fertility has declined steadily since 1971, the fall was considerably greater in the cities, where the expense of children and critical housing shortages have effectively discouraged childbearing. In the countryside the dismantling of the communes and substitution of a system of family responsibility for agricultural production have had a strong pronatalist effect, reinforcing the desire for children as a means of old age security. The costs of children in rural areas are insignificant compared to the cities, housing is less crowded, and fertility sanctions are harder to enforce. Rural discontent and resistence to government family planning policy nevertheless became so acute that it was probably a factor in the 1984 relaxation of the 1-child policy in certain rural areas. Despite considerable success, the Chinese government has not met its family planning goals. 32.3 million couples, or 18% of fertile-aged couples, have expressed willingness to have only 1 child. The 32.3 million include 36% of urban and 11% of rural couples. According to a July 1988 fertility survey, the crude birth rate dropped to 8.84/1000, but the rates of early marriage and adolescent pregnancy were increasing. A major problem in the next 5 years will be the arrival at marriageable age of the large cohorts born around the time of the Cultural Revolution. 相似文献
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如何打破政策“黑箱”是学界和社会关注的重要议题。以广州市政策兑现改革实践为例,探讨如何从制度设计层面来打开公共政策过程中的政策“黑箱”。研究发现,虽然公共政策过程是一个动态且复杂的过程,但是通过统筹政策制定和政策落地两端、主观要素客观化、模糊标准明确化、重塑政府流程等,能够形成确定的决策环境,控制非理性因素,约束自由裁量权,并压缩权力寻租空间,从而可以从源头消除政策“黑箱”的形成土壤。广州市政府政策兑现改革过程中,通过“输入—转化—输出”的制度框架设计,形成了从政策制定到政策执行再到政策结果与评估的政策闭环,并对政策兑现的相关责任单位、流程和时限都进行了严格把控,进而实现对政策“黑箱”内部决策要素的控制。从政策“黑箱”本身入手,破解政策“黑箱”难题,实现政策的阳光承诺和给付,最终形成极具特色和借鉴意义的广州模式。 相似文献
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城乡二元结构问题的制度分析与对策反思 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
日益突出的城乡二元结构的矛盾,已经成为国民经济协调发展的一大障碍。如何解决这一复杂的现实问题成为我国现阶段的重大任务。现有的研究文献大多停留在经济分析的层面,忽视了城乡二元结构问题的制度基础。事实上,欲从根本上解决我国的城乡二元结构问题,必须对城乡二元结构的制度基础及客观现实有一个清醒的认识,以此为基础采取相应的政策举措;以制度分析为视角,阐述了我国城乡二元结构问题的历史成因,并具体分析了现阶段城乡二元结构问题的制度结构。在剖析政府现有相关政策缺陷的基础上,提出了框架性的对策建议。 相似文献
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基层政策执行会出现偏差已经成为学界的共识,但是对于此问题的分析机制并不明晰,多数研究均是从单一视角予以阐释。通过深入考察易地搬迁中“拆旧复垦”政策的具体执行过程,从自上而下与自下而上相互融合视角入手,讨论“拆旧复垦”政策如何在不同利益主体的互构下发生了转变,为何完美的指标数据与文字背后却发现政策执行陷入模糊或搁置状态。从案例解构结果来看,在发展导向的逻辑下,基层政府通过主动加码寻求搬迁规模最大化以谋求在“数字竞赛”中胜出;在压力型体制的上下博弈中,基层政府采取拼凑应对的模糊执行策略以有效应对自上而下的政绩考核;在不完全信息状态的混合博弈中,政策受众在理性计算之下与基层政府形成了“合谋的沉默”。文章的贡献在于,对基层政策执行偏差的解释没有囿于讨论科层结构的弊端,而是从政策设计本身以及不同利益主体互构的视角出发解读其内在逻辑。 相似文献
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新生代农民工就业信息获取渠道中的断裂现象 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文认为新生代农民工在就业信息获取渠道中存在三种断裂现象:乡村社会信息系统与城市社会信息系统之间、农民工的社会关系网络与城市社会关系网络之间、农民工管理组织和大众媒介信息传播之间。由此笔者还提出了信息洞这一概念。 相似文献
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农村土地流转政策的执行偏差——对小岗村的实证分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
农村土地承包经营权的流转是完善我国农村工作非常重大的现实问题,但政策执行过程中容易产生偏差。有哪些偏差,其原因何在?街道层官僚理论为分析中国农村土地承包经营权流转的政策执行提供了一个全新的理论视角。以中国改革第一村——小岗村为研究对象,以街道层官僚理论为视角,通过对小岗村的农村土地流转政策执行情况及偏差原因进行实证分析。研究发现,处于公共政策执行末梢环节的街道层官僚在资源稀缺和公共服务弹性需求的夹缝之中,因其特殊的身份、地位和工作性质而持有相当大的政策制定能力,导致公共利益权威分配过程中产生偏差;分析了形成该问题的三个具体原因,对提高我国农村土地流转政策执行的质量具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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对农民工的权利保护,是当下最受关注的社会问题之一,也是近来学术讨论的热点所在。已有研究中的大部分都将关注点集中在维权组织的产生与运作过程,但对于个体的劳工维权者却少有问津。笔者通过分析个体维权者的生命史,发现他们自认为是"偶然"的从业路径,实质上充满了由体制和制度带来的必然性,同时这些结构性因素也持续塑造着他们的维权行动。 相似文献
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Mukul Sanwal 《公共行政管理与发展》1987,7(4):383-397
Though the literature on decentralization has clarified some issues, it has left unsettled the question of the administrative structure for its implementation: who should take what decisions, and at what level? There are limits to the conventional methods of classification. where answers have been sought in terms of Western experience, participation and management. and a legal perspective has been adopted with decentralization seen in terms of fully elected local governments. semi-autonomous local governments. or coordinating committees. Rather than stress procedures of participation. the substantive content of decision-making needs to he analysed. A classification of rural development programmes provides an alternative model for the reallocation of functions within the system of government to meet development needs. The case of district planning in Agra District. India. illustrates the process of decentralization. underlines its composite character. and shows the importance of the budget in initiating reform in the political-administrative system. Since decentralization is now motivated by different factors than in the past. the requirements of the anti-poverty programmes will move the decision-making process closer to the cutting edge of the village level, with even greater responsiveness to demands from below. 相似文献