暂缓起诉若干问题研究

建立暂缓起诉制度有利于节约司法资源,有利于检察机关充分行使起诉裁量权。暂缓起诉应主要适用于轻罪,对重罪一般不予适用。当前,建立暂缓起诉制度须解决以下问题:暂缓起诉是否违法,暂缓起诉是否侵犯法院定罪权等。     

暂缓起诉制度研究

暂缓起诉制度,作为起诉便宜主义的一种具体表现形式,在我国目前刑事诉讼法中并无明文规定。近年来,各地检验机关在进行诉讼改革时,积极探索实践暂缓起诉制度并取得了初步的成效,同时也遭到了理论界的众多质疑。但实践向为立法之先导,在刑事法律日趋人性化的基础上从理论及司法实践方面予以探讨,构筑暂缓起诉制度,以为立法之准备。一、暂缓起诉制度的基本理论暂缓起诉制度,又称为起诉保留、起诉犹豫或延缓起诉制度,主要是指检察机关对于某些已经达到起诉标准的犯罪行为,基于犯罪嫌疑人的自身状况、刑事政策以及诉讼经济的考虑,通过设立考察期…     

暂缓起诉制度再研究

检察机关起诉裁量权的现行立法规定为暂缓起诉的施行提供了法律依据,我国“宽严相济、轻轻重重”的刑事政策为暂缓起诉的施行提供了政策依据,现行缓刑制度运行的良好效果和对犯罪的未成年人非刑事化处理的成功做法为暂缓起诉的施行提供了实践基础。为了保证检察机关起诉裁量权的良性运作,必须通过立法科学地确定暂缓起诉的适用对象,合理地设立暂缓起诉的适用条件,有效地发挥并制约检察机关的暂缓起诉决定权。     

论相对不起诉制度的完善——以暂缓起诉为补充

相对不起诉制度是检察机关行使自由裁量权的一个重要方面,是现代刑事司法理念在我国刑事立法中的重要体现。但我国现行《刑事诉讼法》对相对不起诉制度的规定过于简单,加之暂缓起诉制度的缺失,给检察机关起诉自由裁量权的行使造成了较大的影响,不能满足构建和谐社会大背景下刑事司法工作的需要,亟待改进和完善。     

暂缓起诉制度在中国的展开——以能动检察为背景的分析

检察机关能动地运用检察权,可以适应社会情势的不断变化,更好地解决刑事纠纷,实现实质的公平正义。暂缓起诉制度作为能动检察的一种表现形式,在基本目的和自由裁量权方面,和能动检察有着相当的耦合。目的刑论和起诉便宜主义是暂缓起诉制度的正当基础。总结司法实践,可以从适用条件和附加条件两方面对中国的暂缓起诉制度加以构建。为了防范权力滥用,有必要从决定程序和救济程序的角度对暂缓起诉制度加以制约。     

Research on Deferred Action in China——An analysis basing on the active prosecution

检察机关能动地运用检察权,可以适应社会情势的不断变化,更好地解决刑事纠纷,实现实质的公平正义.暂缓起诉制度作为能动检察的一种表现形式,在基本目的和自由裁量权方面,和能动检察有着相当的耦合.目的刑论和起诉便宜主义是暂缓起诉制度的正当基础.总结司法实践,可以从适用条件和附加条件两方面对中国的暂缓起诉制度加以构建.为了防范权力滥用,有必要从决定程序和救济程序的角度对暂缓起诉制度加以制约.     

刑事暂缓起诉的可行性探讨

暂缓起诉目前在世界许多国家,如日本、德国、美国等都有明文规定并得到广泛应用,通过审判前对刑事案件的分流,节约诉讼资源,更有利于刑罚目的的实现。我国刑事诉讼法没有规定暂缓起诉制度,但在近年来的在法律实践中,北京、南京等地的检察机关对未成年犯罪、大学生犯罪中采取暂缓起诉的做法,取得了良好的效果。因此,从刑事实体、诉讼程序和司法实践的角度来论证我国构建暂缓起诉的可行性具有重要意义。     

暂缓起诉制度探析

暂缓起诉具有节约有限的司法资源,贯彻刑法个别化原则,有利于一般预防和特殊预防等作用.但是缺乏救济和制约的暂缓起诉可能导致不起诉权的滥用和司法腐败,因而应控制其适用案件范围、严格审批程序、建立配套的制约救济程序.我国应借鉴暂缓起诉制度,赋予检察机关对案件是否起诉更大的自由裁量权.     

浅谈我国构建暂缓起诉制度的必要性

暂缓起诉制度源于德、日,最早是基于犯罪数量增加与司法资源严重不足的矛盾而设立、发展起来的.暂缓起诉是指对一些符合起诉条件的轻微犯罪分子附条件的暂时不起诉,保留追诉权的诉讼制度.我国一些地方的司法实践已经有暂缓起诉的案例,但我国还未建立暂缓起诉制度.本文阐述暂缓起诉制度的法理依据,以及从学界对暂缓起诉制度的质疑陈述了我国构建暂缓起诉制度的必要性.     

刑事案件暂缓起诉制度慎行

刑事案件暂缓起诉制度是近几年来少数检察院在尝试司法改革的过程中摸索出来的产物,它是指检察机关在审查起诉阶段,对依法可作起诉的案件实行的一种附条件决定暂缓起诉,并视规定期限内所附条件的完成情况,届期决定是起诉还是不起诉的刑事诉讼制度。其适用主体一般为未成年人、残疾人、弱势群体人员:担任重要职务或具有特殊专业技术他人难以代替的人、有突出经济贡献的人以及单位犯罪中犯罪情节较轻的负有     

Precursor Crimes to Terrorism and the Local Prosecutor's Role in Disruption

Much of the discussion of terrorism prosecution focuses on the federal judicial system or the use of military tribunals. The passage of state anti‐terrorism legislation in response to September 11, 2001, raises the issue of what role local prosecutors might play in responding to terrorism. Of particular interest is the role that local prosecutors have in identifying offenders who have committed crimes that may be precursors to terrorism and how they gather and share information. Using data from a survey of the 112 largest prosecutors’ offices in the country and information gained from case studies, this study explores the local prosecutor's role in responding to terrorism, how they are involved in the identification and prosecution of precursor crimes, and the overlap between federal and state prosecution.     

提起公诉的证据标准及其司法审查比较研究

法、德、日、英、美五国刑事诉讼中的公诉证据标准之所以都比有罪判决的证据标准低,有其特殊的原因;为了防止无根据地决定起诉或者恶意追诉,法治国家普遍要求对重罪案件在决定起诉之后、实体审理之前进行司法审查,公诉证据标准不仅是控方自行掌握的“行业标准”,而且是一种必须接受司法审查的“法定标准”,达到这一标准是国家要求被告人在公开的法庭上回答指控的前提条件;我国的公诉证据标准与定罪的证据标准相同,而且不受司法审查;中国特有的诉讼构造和证据规则以及防止错诉、错判的现实需要,决定了中国应当坚持而不应当降低现行法规定的公诉证据标准。     

公诉裁量权视野下检察机关撤回起诉权探究

在现代刑事诉讼中,世界各国普遍赋予了检察机关一定的公诉裁量权。撤回起诉权是检察机关公诉裁量权的权能范畴。检察机关享有撤回起诉权不仅有其理论依据,而且为司法实践所需要。本文通过研究我国检察机关撤回起诉权的现状,提出了相关的立法建议。     

以检察室为载体延伸检察机关法律监督职能问题的思考

检察机关是国家的法律监督机关,对基层司法执法活动进行监督是其法定职责。然而,当前检察机关缺少更多的在基层的机构设置,直接影响了检察机关法律监督职能的蔓有效发挥。在当前推进三项重点工作的背景下,检察机关应当以推进检察室建设为载体延伸法律监督职能,服务基层基础建设,维护人民群众权益。法律应当明确检察室的设置、赋予检察室独立的编制以健全基层司法体系,同时检察机关应明确检察室的职责地位,加强对检察室的物质人员保障,对其执法活动进行监督制约,促进其工作规范开展。     

Cross-border crime in Belgium

Conclusion In summary we can state that judicial assistance stands to lose further ground with respect to police cooperation. The Schengen Agreement authorized and legitimized the autonomy of the police which they themselves had already assumed in the legal assistance process. At national level the situation is worsened by the insufficient statutory regulation of the investigation prior to prosecution and by the absence of a well functioning judicial control thereof. Above all the research indicated that not all magistrates/prosecutors showed the same amount of interest in direct involvement in the international legal civil system, a disturbing conclusion in the light of the increasing internationalization of crime phenomena (De Ruyver, 1992).The manner in which the judicial assistance functions fails to deal with geographically determined and limited types of group crime, as in the study area. Crime organized in a businesslike manner and at the same time requiring greater expertise and cooperation with respect to the investigation prior to prosecution, remains a fortiori beyond concern.     

国际刑事法院检察官的地位与功能研究

被赋予国际刑事案件调查、起诉权的检察官 ,在国际刑事法院运作程序中是最活跃最积极的因素 ,对于国际刑事犯罪的惩治起着关键性作用。其组织和功能上的特点是 :审检合署的机构设置 ;“检警一体”的功能结构 ;在检察事务和内部管理上实行“检察长负责制” ;受刑事预审法庭的司法审查等。但在检察官行使职权时 ,存在与相关国家主权协调 ,克服直接调查取证可能遇到的障碍 ,以及合理对待国际政治因素对刑事检控的影响等问题     

Guilty Pleas in an Inquisitorial Setting – An Empirical Study of France

Anglo‐American guilty pleas have inspired criminal justice reformers in many inquisitorially based systems in recent years, in response to caseload pressures. In France, two different procedures based on the defendant's confession were introduced in 1999 and 2004 respectively: an out‐of‐court disposal (the composition pénale) and a prosecution pathway (the comparution sur reconnaissance préalable de culpabilité). Basing its analysis upon direct observations and interviews with French public prosecutors, this article examines the impact of these procedures on the French criminal justice system and its actors. Rather than a move from an inquisitorial to a more adversarial system, data collected for this study show a bureaucratization of the French criminal justice process. The role of public prosecutors is changing from that of judicial officers to caseload managers who have delegated part of their workload to less qualified staff for efficiency purposes.     

Engaging With Criminal Prosecution: The Victim's Perspective

Despite more than a decade of policies that encourage prosecutors to proceed without the victim's input or actions in cases of intimate partner violence (IPV), prosecutors still often rely on the victim's participation to move a case forward. The purpose of this study was to identify the barriers and motivators influencing female IPV victims' engagement with the criminal justice system and their preferences regarding prosecution. Findings from focus groups with women who had experienced police response to IPV revealed that women wanted the violence to end but faced numerous barriers to engaging with the criminal prosecution process. The dominant voice favored police and prosecutors taking action toward prosecution without depending solely or heavily on the victim's active participation.     

Empathy and objectivity in the legal procedure: the case of Swedish prosecutors

The role of empathy, the capacity to read someone else’s emotions, in the legal context has previously been studied in relation to primarily judges’ decision-making, often with a concern for objectivity. Our purpose is to study professional emotion management in the legal process through an analysis of Swedish prosecutors’ use of empathy. An ethnographic data collection took place between 2012 and 2015, including shadowing, observations and interviews with 36 prosecutors from 3 prosecution offices. The analysis shows that during the investigation, empathy helps identify the prerequisites of a crime and deciding if and how to prosecute. When preparing for trial, empathy is used to anticipate the situation in court. During the trial, the empathic process includes management of the emotions of others in order to stage credible testimonies, convince the judge and calm victims. The empathic process is oriented and restricted by the emotive–cognitive judicial frame through which prosecutors are rewarded by emotions of comfort and pride in demonstrating expertise of legal coding. We conclude that empathy is integral to prosecutors’ professional performance, including the requirement to be objective. The study points to the problems with silencing emotions and maintaining a positivist notion of objectivity in the legal system.     

建立控辩协商程序与完善检察官自由裁量权

在未来《刑事诉讼法》的修订中,借鉴外域“辩诉交易”制度,建立起具有中国特色的“控辩协商”程序,已经得到学界和司法实务界的认可。“控辩协商”程序的设立和运行与检察官自由裁量权的行使具有不可分割的关系,应该以外域实施辩诉交易制度需要的检察官自由裁量权为参照系,进一步丰富和完善我国检察机关自由裁量权的内容,为建立和实施控辩协商程序提供制度上的支持。