乌鸡新城疫病毒中发型毒株的分离与鉴定

从发病的 43日龄乌鸡群中分离到 1株病毒 ,经鸡胚传代培养后 ,测定其F3 代尿囊液血凝 (HA)效价为 2 8,HI试验中能被鸡ND阳性血清中和 ,鸡胚平均死亡时间 (MDT)为 60 .8h ,1日龄雏鸡脑内接种指数 (ICPI)为 0 .8,血凝解脱时间小于 10min ,血凝素热稳定性差。表明该分离株为新城疫病毒中发型毒株。     

鸡新城疫中等毒力毒株的分离鉴定

从山东省某种鸡场分离到 1株病毒 ,经血凝 (HA)和血凝抑制 (HI)试验证实为新城疫病毒。经用SPF鸡胚和SPF鸡测定 ,该毒株的鸡胚平均致死时间 (MDT)为 5 5 .2h ,1日龄鸡脑内致病指数 (ICPI)为 0 .8,6周龄鸡静脉接种致病指数 (IVPI)为 0 .3 1,属于中等毒力的毒株。该毒株点眼、滴鼻不引起 6周龄SPF雏鸡发病 ,将其做成灭活油佐剂疫苗 ,对鸡的保护率为 95 %。该新城疫毒株可用作疫苗毒株     

F-Ⅶ型鹅源禽副黏病毒的分离及其特性研究

从辽宁省某鹅场雏鹅体内分离到 1株副黏病毒 ,该分离毒株具有血凝活性且血凝活性能被NDV标准阳性血清和鹅副黏病毒阳性血清所抑制 ,能使SPF鸡胚、非免疫鸭胚和鹅胚 10 0 %死亡 ;电镜观察见病毒颗粒呈多形性 ,多为圆形 ,有囊膜 ,直径 2 0 0nm左右 ;ELD50 为 10 8.6 /mL ,MDT为 5 6h ,ICPI为 1.94。通过RT PCR扩增出F基因 ,鉴定为基因Ⅶ型强毒株 ,测序结果为HBS2 0 9,与CH2 0 0 0的同源率为 91.8% ,从而确定分离毒株属于禽副黏病毒Ⅰ型 (APMV Ⅰ )的基因变异强毒株。动物接种试验表明 ,该毒株对鸭无致病性 ,对鹅、鸡、鸽的致病率和致死率均达10 0 %。     

猪流感病毒广东株的分离鉴定及其特性

对广东省 2 5个猪场有呼吸道症状的 30～ 6 0日龄仔猪 ,用棉拭子采样 ,接种鸡胚分离病毒。经鉴定 ,7株为H1N1亚型毒株。对其中 3株分离株的形态学、部分理化特性和生物学特性的研究结果表明 ,病毒粒子在透射电镜下为杆状、丝状、椭圆形及圆形 ,大小为 80～ 12 0nm ;血凝素(HA)均为热不稳定型 ;均不耐热且对乙醚、氯仿敏感 ;均能凝集公鸡、豚鼠、兔、大白鼠、山羊等动物红细胞 ,对小白鼠红细胞的凝集性有所不同 ,均不凝集牛和猪红细胞 ;经绒毛尿囊腔接种 9日龄鸡胚 ,不能导致鸡胚死亡 ,EID50 分别为 10 — 6 .17/ 0 .2mL、10 - 5.83/ 0 .2mL、10 - 4.4 3/ 0 .2mL ;经鼻腔途径感染小白鼠 ,均未导致小鼠出现症状和死亡 ,接种后第 14d在部分存活的小鼠血清中可检出病毒抗体。     

腺胃型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒Hu98株的分离鉴定

1998年首次从哈尔滨市某鸡场鸡腺胃肿大为特征的病例中分离到IBV-Hu98毒株.将该病毒株接种SPF鸡胚并传至5代(F5),结果接种胚出现规律性死亡和典型胚胎病变特征,EID50为10-6.40/0.2 mL.IBV-Hu 98 F5感染SPF鸡胚尿囊液经负染电镜观察,可见直径为80～120 nm、有囊膜和纤突的冠状病毒粒子.用IBV-Hu98 F5毒株人工感染1日龄SPF鸡能引起与自然病例相似的病理组织学变化,死亡率为80%(4/5),用IBV-Hu 98J1人工感染1日龄SPF鸡死亡率为100%(5/5),并可从死亡鸡中分离到冠状病毒.     

一种新的鹅病毒病的病原分离与初步鉴定

对湖北省某县发生的一种以成年鹅皮下血包囊及内脏广泛性肿块为特征的传染性疾病的病原进行了初步分离、鉴定。用成年病死鹅和病鹅肝组织悬液接种12 日龄鹅胚,48~72 h鹅胚死亡,再用第一代鹅胚尿囊液连传6 代,鹅胚均死亡(GVF1~6)。用GVF2 接种鸡胚,48~96 h 死亡,连传4代,鸡胚均死亡(EVF1~4);用GVF3回归成年母鹅,出现与自然感染病例类似的病变;对EVF4进行毒力测定,其ELD50为10-5.3;鸡胚平均死亡时间为96 h;将EVF4鸡胚尿囊液进行纯化和浓缩,电镜观察,可见大小120~220 nm有囊膜的近似球形的病毒颗粒;该病毒能凝集鹅、豚鼠、牛、羊、人等多种红细胞,能被相应的血清和鸡新城疫血清所抑制,经核酸型测定,为RNA。初步确定本病毒是未曾报道过的一新型鹅副黏病毒。     

云南省红河州猪衣原体性流产的病原分离鉴定

从母猪流产胎儿病料中分离到3株衣原体,将分离株鸡胚卵黄囊膜悬液接种7日龄鸡胚能致鸡胚规律性死亡;碘染色阴性;补体结合试验阳性;对鸡胚致死毒价为10-9ELD50/0.4 mL;该毒株能使小白鼠在3 d内全部死亡.结果表明,该分离株为鹦鹉热衣原体;采用该场分离毒株制备的灭活苗免疫注射,母猪流产率由免疫前的37.21%下降到4.42%,降低了32.79个百分点.     

莲子芯水煎剂抗新城疫病毒和抑菌作用观察

将莲子芯水煎剂和新城疫病毒分别接种于随机分为 5组的 10日龄鸡胚尿囊腔 ,3 7.5℃孵化 96h ,收集尿囊液 ,测定血凝效价。结果表明 ,无论采用何种给药途径 ,莲子芯水煎剂在鸡胚内 ,均对感染 2 0EID50 的新城疫病毒增殖具有显著的抑制作用。将莲子芯水煎剂 (1.0 0g/mL)按原液、0 .5 0g/mL、0 .2 5g/mL ,用挖孔法测定其对大肠埃希氏菌、无乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、巴氏杆菌的抑菌直径。结果 ,该水煎剂对以上菌株均有不同程度的抑菌作用 ,其中浓度为 1.0 0g/mL的水煎剂对大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌直径分别为 18、2 0mm。     

云南省鸽Ⅰ型副黏病毒的致病性研究

用鸽Ⅰ型副黏病毒地方分离株KM 1感染鸽 ,在 5～ 7d复制出与自然病例相似的症状 ,且感染鸽全部发生血清学抗体转换 ;将KM 1静脉接种 6周龄雏鸡 ,10d后血凝抑制 (HI)效价显著增高 ,且其静脉接种致病指数 (IVPI)为 0 ;用鸡新城疫病毒LaSota株感染鸽 ,第 8d出现临床症状 ;病毒能在 9日龄鸡胚中增殖 ,并使鸡胚出现病变 ,尿囊液血凝 (HA)效价为 1∶2 0 ～ 1∶2 5。     

番鸭花肝病病原的研究

从广西患花肝病的雏番鸭肝、脾分离到 3株病毒 ,定名为NM1、NM2 、NM3。这 3株病毒能在番鸭胚和番鸭胚成纤维细胞上增殖 ,并产生细胞病变。人工感染 1日龄番鸭致死率达 10 0 % ,但对鸡、康贝尔鸭和鹅不致病。分离毒对氯仿不敏感 ,耐热、耐酸 ,不被DNA抑制物所抑制。分离毒的细胞培养物经超薄切片 ,磷钨酸负染 ,在电镜下观察到大量球形、实心 (少量空心 )的病毒粒子 ,其直径 6 6～ 70nm ,无囊膜 ,属无囊膜的RNA病毒     

China＇s Rise vs. International Order Evolution

A heated debate over the rise of China has been going on unabated in the international community for nearly two decades. However, with the elapse of time, the initial divergence of views in the mainstream opinion has gradually diminished and the gap in China policy among nations has likewise narrowed down. Instead, reason and a realistic approach have eventually taken center stare.     

The U. S. Policy toward DPRK: Opportunities and Constraints

布什政府上台以来,始终未能阻止朝鲜拥核步伐.朝核试后,美对朝政策有了新的调整,六方会谈得以复会.但美朝双方受各自国家利益和政策目标的限制,在朝鲜半岛无核化问题上的尖锐分歧难以解决,朝核危机仍存在再度升级的可能.     

Marxist Philosophy vs. International Relations Research in China

This article argues for the confirmation of Marxist philosophy as the ideology that guides international relations （IR） studies in China. Justification comes through the following points. According to Marxism, correct theoretical guidance serves as the prerequisite for correct practice. Marxist philosophy embodies, by nature, righteousness, in opposition to political hegemony. Accordingly, practice under its guidance represents fruitful revolutionary realism. Finally, advanced studies of international relations in this country cannot be separated from philosophical thinking. Using these arguments as background, this article specifically advocates materialism, patriotism, and service to the people as the corner-stone of China＇s IR theory building.     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

Excavating Concealed Tradeoffs: How Russians Watch the News

Citizens in democracies are expected to make better decisions if they understand policy tradeoffs. However, politicians rarely have incentives to communicate them; citizens are uncomfortable choosing among valued outcomes; and devising a common metric is difficult. It is not surprising that in the United States the environment provides relatively little cuing or priming of tradeoffs in television news. Russian citizens, on the other hand, face a media environment in which tradeoff cuing is intentionally suppressed by owners' agendas, yet viewers detect concealed tradeoffs even in the absence of tradeoff priming and viewpoint diversity. Analysis of discourse among ordinary Russians in 16 focus groups convened in four cities, differentiated by political reform and media market environments, showed that when watching news in which tradeoffs are thoroughly concealed, viewers challenge stories by offering a broad spectrum of uncued tradeoffs. Tradeoffs come from diverse policy domains and represent a range of cognitive strategies, some of which are considerably more abstract than others and link elements of their observations and assumptions (together with what they can extract from the stories) into complex reasoning outcomes.     

The U.S. Global Strategy as Seen from the Debate in the Primary Election

There may be more than one year to go before the 2008 U.S. presidential election, but the primary election of the two parties has already begun ahead of time. Both the Democratic and Republican candidates for the     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1. Introduction
On the morning of April 1st, 2001, a U.S. EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China＇s Hainan Island. Two Chinese fighter jets intercepted the spy plane and followed its flight, as is considered ordinary international practice. For reasons unknown, the EP-3 airplane made a sudden maneuver and crashed into one of the Chinese planes. The Chinese plane dropped into the sea, the pilot missing. The U.S. spy plane was also severely damaged. It intruded into Chinese territorial space and landed on Hainan Island without official permission from the Chinese side. After landing, the spy plane and 24 crew on board were detained by the Chinese authorities. This air collision episode was the first of its kind in the China-U.S. relations and an urgent diplomatic crisis ensued.     

Constitution of the Chinese Associa tion for Interna tiona l Understa nding(Approved by the Plenary Session of the Eleventh Executive Council on April 2, 2014)

正Chapter I General Rules Article 1 The Chinese Association for International Understanding is a national non-governmental organization(NGO)in the People’s Republic of China.Article 2 The official name of the Association is"Zhong Guo Guo Ji Jiao Liu Xie Hui"in Chinese,or"Jiao Liu Xie Hui"for short.Its English translation is"Chinese Association for International Understanding",and abbreviated as"CAFIU".     

Guide to Authors

正Published by China Institute of International Studies,China International Studies is China’s first English-language journal on diplomacy and international politics for formal circulation.The magazine mainly publishes the latest research achievements of Chinese scholars and specialists on China’s diplomacy,international politics and international relations under such columns as China’s Diplomacy,International Relations,International Politics,International Security,Regional Issues and World Economy.