共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 671 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
推断脑损伤时间是法医学需要解决的重要问题之一。中枢神经系统受到损伤后,损伤部位常由星形胶质细胞进行修复,并通过增生形成胶质瘢痕。在此过程中,星形胶质细胞的形态、数目、胞内酶、胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(GlialFibrillalyAcidichaein,GFAP)的量及其基因表达均会发生改变。此外,星形胶质细胞分泌一系列细胞因子(包括神经营养因子),并表达其受体。这些改变均与伤后时间过程有关,有可能用于推断脑损伤时间。互星形胶质细胞的形态、分类及功能中枢神经系统中有多种间质细胞,被统称为神经胶质细胞(Nde),其数量多(为神经元… 相似文献
4.
脑干损伤致死星形胶质细胞GFAP和ET-1的表达 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
目的 研究星形胶质细胞GFAP和ET-1的表达在脑干损伤的分子病理学改变并探讨对脑干损伤法医学鉴定中的意义。方法 筛选本中心提供的不同时间急性脑干损伤死亡的脑标本15例及非颅脑损伤死亡标本5例,HE染色常规观察各部位脑组织的显微形态改变之后,用检测单克隆抗体免疫组化SP方法检测胶质细胞GFAP和ET-1的表达,研究其病理变化。结果 生前急性脑干损伤部位GFAP阳性细胞数目增多,细胞形态变大,存在ET-1的表达。结论 上述系列病理变化对于法医实践中急性脑干损伤的死后诊断具有参考价值。 相似文献
5.
<正> 在交通事故、意外工伤事故、斗殴和高坠等死亡案件的法医尸体剖中,颅内损伤致死是极为常见的。在本文中,颅内损伤的尸体剖验情况将主要从法医神经病理学及临床神经病理学等方面 相似文献
6.
关于损伤与疾病关系的研究评介 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
关于损伤与疾病关系的研究评介本刊编辑部损伤与疾病问题,近几年已成为我国法医学领域研究的重点和热点,并逐渐引起了各部门法医的重视。1994年度两次全国法医学学术交流会分别把损伤与疾病列为会议的主题和专题,并就法医病理学和法医临床学中的伤与病问题进行了讨... 相似文献
7.
脑损伤与多种神经营养因子的变化 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
脑损伤是法医病理学鉴定中最常见的损伤 ,对脑损伤后的病理生理改变、组织形态学改变和生化改变 ,国内外学者已进行了大量的研究工作 ,并随着免疫学、分子生物学的发展 ,对脑损伤的研究 ,已深入到分子病理水平。国内外已有学者研究报道[1] ,脑损伤后损伤部位及附近某些细胞分泌一系列促进神经细胞生长及增殖的细胞因子 ,即神经营养因子。本文就其研究进展作一综述 ,供同行们参考。1 神经营养因子概述 神经营养因子 (neurotrophicfactors,NTFs)是一组超出普通维持生存所必须的基本营养物质以外的、对神经细胞起特… 相似文献
8.
计算机断层扫描(CT)能够对不同密度的人体组织进行成像,在疾病和损伤的检验中具有重要的应用价值,随着CT技术的不断发展和逐步成熟,它可以对组织脏器进行容积再现、多层面重建、最大密度投影、表面遮盖显示等后处理,在肿瘤、血管畸形等疾病的诊断,骨折、关节异位、脏器破裂、出血等损伤的检验,枪弹、爆炸碎片、吸入物等体内异物的检验中具有重要的应用价值。目前已经有不少学者将其应用到相关研究领域当中。本文对近几年国内外应用CT技术进行法医病理学研究的情况进行综述,以便法医病理学研究者了解CT在法医病理学领域中的应用及研究现状,能够为今后的法医病理学科学研究和实践工作提供新的思路。 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
大鼠急性脑干损伤神经细胞凋亡和轴突的变化 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
目的研究急性脑干损伤早期的病理变化,探讨其在急性脑干损伤中的法医学意义。方法采用自由落体造成大鼠急性脑干损伤模型,HE染色常规观察各部位脑组织的显微形态改变之后,用TUNEL末端标记检测神经细胞凋亡,用LSAB染色显示神经丝蛋白(NF)。结果实验动物模型能够较好的模拟法医案例;脑干损伤的大鼠脑组织淤血、水肿、环状出血,脑皮质内神经凋亡细胞数目明显增多(P<0.01);脑干部位神经轴突排列紊乱、肿胀、断裂。结论上述多种病理变化对急性脑干损伤的死后诊断具有一定的意义。 相似文献
12.
目的 探讨轴索肿胀在鉴定脑干损伤中的意义。方法 取明确死于原发性脑干损伤(36例)和脑外疾病(28例)者共64例,分为损伤组(36例)和对照组(其中死于心血管疾病12例、非心血管疾病16例),并将其死后24h和48h前、后做尸体解剖分为2组,通过对中脑、脑桥和延脑切片、镀银染色,在100倍光镜下采用显微测微器测量每片9条最粗的轴索横径,对所得数据作方差分析、t检验统计学处理。结果 损伤组与对照组(不包括心血管疾病死亡者)相比,中脑、延脑部的轴索肿胀程度有明显差异(P<0.05);死后48h内解剖的损伤组与对照组相比无差异(P>0.05),但超过48h解剖两组有明显差异(P<0.05)。结论 中脑、延脑部轴索肿胀与外伤有明显的相关性。轴索肿胀对判断脑干损伤有意义。需排除心血管疾病致死。 相似文献
13.
Judkins AR Hood IG Mirchandani HG Rorke LB 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2004,25(1):29-32
Most victims of fatal child abuse are under the age of 2 years and have a fairly typical pattern of injuries that involve the brain and spinal cord. Documenting these injuries in a systematic fashion is of paramount importance in establishing the cause and manner of death. Although the importance of recognizing these injuries is widely understood, there are few guidelines for the optimal examination of the central nervous system to document these changes. A standard procedure for postmortem dissection of the brain and spinal cord that preserves the anatomy of the cervicomedullary junction is outlined. Changes in the cervicomedullary junction and spinal cord are an underappreciated marker for shaking injury in children. This technique, along with examination of the eyes and optic nerves, will optimally identify the injuries associated with shaking injuries. A standard series of histologic sections are also outlined to document the corresponding microscopic changes. 相似文献
14.
S P Clark B Delahunt K J Thomson T L Fernando 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》1989,10(4):332-334
Suicidal injuries caused by power tools have rarely been reported in the literature. The case of a 37-year-old white male schizophrenic patient who sustained a fatal self-inflicted neck injury from a band saw, while engaging in occupational therapy, is presented. Unusual features of this type of injury as noted at postmortem examination were the extent of the wound, the absence of hesitation injuries, and the presence of grease wipe, bone dust, and sawdust within the wound. 相似文献
15.
《Forensic science international》1999,103(3):181-191
The changes in astrocytes and neurons in the brain-stem of the rat after stab wounds were studied immunohistochemically. Anti-GFAP and anti-albumin antibodies were used to detect the changes of astrocytes and neurons, respectively. The results showed that in normal control group, the numbers of GFAP-positive cells differed in different areas of brain-stem, but remained similar in the same area of different rats. No albumin-positive cells could be found. The number of GFAP-positive cells in antemortem injury groups increased significantly followed by a decrease, and then a further increase. Albumin-positive cells including neurons and glial cells were found after injury in the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. In the postmortem injury groups, there were no significant changes in either anti-GFAP or anti-albumin immunoreactivities in any area of brain-stem compared to the control group. These results indicated that the changes in the number of GFAP-positive cells could be used to estimate the time of injury and to diagnose early brain-stem injury. The antemortem and postmortem injuries can also be differentiated by the presence of albumin-positive cells. The authors suggest that the timing and early diagnosis of injury in the brain-stem should be carried out on the basis of comprehensive analyses of changes in both neurons and glial cells. 相似文献
16.
目的探讨大鼠皮肤切创后E-选择素表达规律及法医学意义。方法健康SD大鼠90只,随机分成4组:正常对照组、活体切创组(30min~7d12个时间点)、死后切创组(30min~3h3个时间点)、死后稳定性组(-20%6h-7d9个时间点,25%6h~3d5个时间点)。在大鼠头部建立皮肤切创模型,按设定的时间点取皮肤检材,运用免疫组化和图像分析技术,检测血管内皮E-选择素的表达规律。结果在活体切创组中,伤后1hE-选择素在血管内皮细胞内即呈阳性表达,持续至伤后7d,且随时间变化呈规律性表达。在正常对照及死后切创组未见阳性表达。死后-20%稳定性组各时间点E-选择素表达与死后即刻比较无显著性差异(P〉0.05)。25%各时间点与死后即刻比较有显著性差异(P〈0.01)。结论E-选择素在创伤后血管内皮细胞内特异性的表达具有时序性规律,且低温条件下稳定性较好。 相似文献
17.
《Forensic science international》1995,73(3):197-202
This paper reports the application of computerized image analysis to a quantitative study of skin electrical injury in order to provide an objective and quantitative standard for identifying the electrical mark. The differences between antemortem and postmortem electrical injuries were also studied. In normal and electrically-injured human skin, the long/short axes ratio of nuclei were measured. The mean of epithelial basal cells was 1.4344 and 5.9325, respectively, the mean of hair follicle cells was 1.6193 and 4.5988, respectively, and the mean of capillary endothelial cells was 4.0229 and 4.3593, respectively. In rat specimens, the long/short axes ratio of nuclei of normal skin, at 15 and 5 min ante-mortem and at 5 min postmortem injury, the mean epithelial basal cells was 1.4124, 4.5417, 5.2282 and 5.0447, respectively. The mean of hair follicle cells was 1.4140, 4.4863, 4.1146 and 4.4522, respectively, while the mean of capillary endothelial cells was 2.8398, 3.7514, 3.6159 and 3.6977, respectively. The results indicate that the differences between electrical injuries and normal skin with respect to the ratios of long/short axes of the epithelial basal cell nuclei and hair follicle cell nuclei are of remarkable significance. On the other hand, no significant difference could be found between antemortem and postmortem injuries, nor between electrical injury and normal skin, concerning the long/short axes ratios of capillary endothelial cell nuclei. This result provides a preliminary objective standard for the changes of electrical skin injury. 相似文献
18.
19.
大白鼠脑干损伤后脑组织中GFAP免疫组化改变的初步研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
采取针刺法造成实验大白鼠脑干损伤,用免疫组织化学LSAB法检测大脑、中脑、桥脑及延髓等不同部位脑组织中胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)的改变。结果发现,生前损伤30min,大脑顶部灰质及中脑腹例中央部的GFAP阳性星形胶质细胞数目增多;生前损伤60min,除大脑顶部灰质及中脑腹侧中央部外.大脑脑室角周边部、桥脑背侧中央部、延髓腹侧及背侧中央部的GFAP阳性星形胶质细胞数目亦增多。而死后损伤者,GFAP阳性星形胶质细胞数目不增多。说明GFAP阳性星形胶质细胞数目的改变可区别脑组织的生前损伤和死后改变,并可作为脑干损伤早期的诊断指标。 相似文献
20.
神经性勃起功能障碍(neurogenic erectile dysfunction,NED)的发生与勃起功能相关神经的损伤密切相关.最近,干细胞对阴茎勃起神经的修复和保护作用的临床前研究已经成为热点.本文综述了神经源性胚胎干细胞(NESCs)、肌源性干细胞(MDSCs)、脂肪源性干细胞(ASCs)和间充质干细胞(MSCs)等在NED方面的研究进展.早期研究显示干细胞或基因修饰的干细胞对ED治疗持久有效,并可能成功治愈ED.干细胞有望应用于NED的临床治疗.干细胞作为新的治疗方法应用于临床后,将会对法医临床学鉴定提出新的挑战. 相似文献