餐具消毒现状分析及管理对策

餐具消毒是预防肠道传染病的重要措施之一,是餐饮业卫生监督工作的重要内容,餐具消毒达不到要求就会造成疾病的传播,直接关系着就餐人员的健康安全。为了解我市餐具消毒现状,找出我市餐具消毒存在的问题,有针     

2012-2013年北京市海淀区放射卫生量化分级监督管理情况对比分析

找出北京市海淀区内开展放射诊疗工作的医疗机构在放射卫生管理中存在的问题,并为下一阶段海淀区卫生监督所的监督管理重点指明方向。方法：采用普查的方法,于2012年和2013年,用自制的《北京市海淀区医疗机构放射卫生量化分级表》对辖区内已取得《放射诊疗许可证》且开展放射诊疗活动的医疗机构进行量化评级。结果：（1）2012年和2013年分别调查了269和257家医疗机构。与2012年相比,2013年A级单位所占比例由30.1%提高到了72.0%;C级和D级单位数和构成比都有了很大程度的下降,差异具有统计学意义。（2）一级以下医疗机构中A级单位增加的比例和三级医疗机构C级单位减少的比例最大。一级及以下级别的医疗机构中的C、D级单位数占全部医疗机构的比例最大。（3）2012年量化分级情况中,卫生管理、放射人员证和工作场所三个大项合格率较低,合格率分别为56.5%、61.0%和64.7%;而2013年这三项的合格率均得到较大提高,分别为81.3%、81.0%和83.7%。（4）除个人剂量检测管理和建设项目管理的合格率分别为71.6%和70.8%外,2013年其他八项管理项目的合格率均达到80%以上。结论：三级和一级以下医疗机构实行量化分级监督管理最有成效;2013年海淀区放射卫生合格率反映出个人剂量检测和建设项目管理为下一年的监督管理重点。     

一起食品卫生行政复议案的思考

一、案情简介 2001年3月12日,某区卫生局监督人员巡回检查时发现,某餐饮娱乐城在其主体工程装修未完工时,未经卫生许可,擅自进行餐饮经营。卫生监督员向该单位经理出示了《行政执法证》,对其经营场所依法进行了监督检查,发现该单位灶房地面存有污水及垃圾;未设置餐,饮具专用洗消池;冷拼间内无紫外线消毒灯管,且存有皮鞋、牙膏、牙刷等个人用具;冷藏设施冰箱内熟牛肉(在盘中已加工好)与生鸡腿混放一起;15名从业人员(包括厨师和服务员)均     

某市城区餐饮业餐饮具消毒管理干预效果评价

目的：评价某市城区餐饮业餐饮具消毒管理干预效果,为建立该市餐饮业餐饮具消毒长效监管机制提供决策依据。方法：采用实验流行病学研究方法,对某市城区2012年度餐饮具抽检不合格的88家餐饮单位进行干预。干预项目包括餐饮具消毒间改造、消毒设施设备配备、消毒管理、人员管理等方面的10项措施,并对干预措施效果进行评价。结果：与干预前相比,干预后被干预单位的餐饮具消毒间配置率、专间专用率、卫生状况合格率、消毒与保洁设施合格率、消毒制度建立率、消毒流程合格率及人员管理等方面都均得到明显提高,餐饮具的抽检合格率也由57.73%提高到87.05%。结论：该市餐饮具消毒管理干预效果较好,为建立长效监管机制提供依据,为其他类似地区提供借鉴经验。     

小餐饮实施食品安全培训后的干预效果评估

目的:希望结合卫生执法的实践,提出一套适合北京市开展小型餐饮服务单位食品安全培训的模式。方法:北京市海淀区、顺义区抽选40户小餐饮单位作为干预组,20户小餐饮单位作为对照组,通过培训干预前后的现场监督检查与现场量化分级管理评分,进行比较分析。结果:①在培训干预后,干预组单位的量化分级标化评分由原来的69.7分增加至81.5分(P<0.05),对照组无显著性差异;②干预组单位无论是有许可证单位还是无证单位的量化分级标化评分均有升高,其中无证单位升高更明显;③在经过食品安全的培训和指导后,小餐饮单位的餐饮具检测合格率由原来的21.8%升高至56.4%,对照组无显著性差异。结论:小餐饮单位在培训干预后主要在卫生管理、食品与食品原料及食品添加剂采购储存、环境卫生与设施、加工过程一般卫生要求、餐饮具消毒方面有明显提高;对无证单位,能有效降低其发生食物中毒事故的风险。应当重视培训员的培训,采用螺旋式上升管理模式,增强培训课堂的合作性与实用性,及时总结经验,不断提高培训质量。     

为提高公共用品卫生质量 大同市130名公共场所消毒员挂牌上岗

公共用品消毒是大同市公共场所卫生管理工作的簿弱环节。据该市卫生防疫部门对部分公共场所公共用品消毒效果监测结果表明,公共用品细菌总数超标率为45.71%,大肠菌群阳性率为14.29%。公共用品消毒不落实、方法不规范、消毒人员素质不高、责任心不强,直接影响公共用品的卫生质量。为加强公共场所消毒管理,提高公共用品卫生质量,该市卫生监督部门要求各公共场所经营单位设立专、兼职公共用品消毒员,对公共用品消毒员卖行"资质审查、培训考核和持证挂牌上岗"制度,统一了消毒方法、规范了消毒程序,提高了消毒员的业务素质。日前,经市防疫站培训考核     

餐饮服务许可制度在餐饮具集中消毒行业监管新模式中的应用与探讨

近年来，餐饮具集中消毒行业所暴露出的问题日益突出，为了切实规范和整治南通市区餐饮具集中消毒单位，南通市卫生监督所积极探索，大胆创新，制定出符合本地区实际的有效监管措施，将餐饮服务许可制度引入行业的许可监管中。自2011年9月份起，南通市区所有餐饮具集中消毒单位须领取餐饮服务许可证，方可进入市场。截止到2011年底，市区55家单位已有15家领取了餐饮服务许可证。本文结合项目工作实践，分析了餐饮具集中消毒行业推行行政许可制度的必要性及其效果，讨论了餐饮服务许可制度在实际应用中存在的问题。     

正阳县医疗机构消毒监测结果分析

目的：了解正阳县医疗机构消毒工作状况,为提高消毒质量提供科学依据。方法：按卫生部（《消毒技术规范》和《医院消毒卫生标准》GB15982—1995执行。结果：2005～2007年样品合格率依次为70．65％、85．97％、92．60％。结论：正阳县医疗机构消毒效果（质量）合格率呈逐年上升趋势,但仍存在一些问题,卫生行政部门和疾控机构应加大监督和监测力度。     

立足实际 着眼未来 积极稳妥地推进卫生监督体制改革

浙江省地处东南沿海,人口密度高,市场经济发达。与全国其他省市一样,随着对外开放和社会主义法制的建立和完善,尤其是随着《食品卫生法》、《传染病防治法》、《药品管理法》、《母婴保健法》、《执业医师法》、《献血法》和《医疗机构管理条例》等国家卫生法律法规的颁布,卫生监督作为卫生领域的一项基本制度,逐步得以确立和完善,全省的卫生监督执法工作呈现出勃勃生机的景象,极大地促进了与此相关产业的健康发展和公共卫生面貌的改善,提高了卫生工作质量。据统计,至1999年底,我省已有食品生产经营单位38万余家,从业人员83万余人,食品工业产值超过500亿;公共场所6.5万余家,从业人员30余万人;化妆品生产企业近300家;从业人员近4000人;集中式供水单位5000余家;放射工作单位近3000家,放射工作人员6000余人。食品卫生合格率从1979的54%上升到1999年的85.3%;放射防护合格率达94%以上;全省饮用合格     

声音

正"有人来检查的时候穿(工作服)一下。"——最近,某记者卧底餐具消毒厂揭卫生黑幕后如此披露。该记者应聘过程仅为两分钟,无须健康证,暗访发现工人工作无须洗手、不穿工作服、徒手包装     

流浪乞讨与管制--从贫困救助看中央与地方权限的界定

随着《收容遣送办法》的废止,个人自由权利与社会治安秩序之间的现实冲突比过去更为突显。应转变中央和地方关系的传统思维,在允许地方更多自主权和选择权的同时,更充分地保障公民个人的宪法基本权利。无论是中央和地方关系的法律界定,还是公民权利的宪法保障,都要求建立独立的司法机构以审查地方立法的有效性。     

当前广东拐卖妇女儿童犯罪的特点、原因及对策

近年来,广东一些地区拐卖妇女儿童犯罪屡禁不绝,愈演愈烈.拐卖妇女儿童犯罪是一种十分野蛮的犯罪活动,它严重侵害了妇女儿童最基本的人身权利,极大地危害了社会秩序,败坏了社会风气.本文通过分析其犯罪特点及原因,进一步提出相应对策.     

论抵押与留置担保权的竞合条件及其效力

抵押权与留置权在同一标的物并存的情况下,哪一个应优先受偿的问题,是一个重要然而在法律中尚未明确的问题。本文提出并论证了抵押权与留置权在同一标的上竞合而主体不同的状态下,留置权应优先于抵押权受偿的观点。     

Up and Down,Old and New: Values and Value Systems of MPs and Voters in France

MPs are often criticised as being homogeneous. This is well known in terms of social background or gender, but the criticism also holds for values and norms. MPs are said to share normative agreements on the essential points and demonstrate differences on second-order issues. This criticism is even more widespread regarding the new politics based on the cultural divide, notably vis-à-vis politicians from the extreme right as far as immigration, European integration or globalisation are concerned. In this contribution, these criticisms are addressed by investigating the degree of normative agreements and disagreements of French MPs. Furthermore, the differences both in old and new politics between MPs on the one hand and the electorate as a whole and their supporters on the other hand are evaluated. It is concluded that MPs are definitely not all the same and the degrees of difference among MPs or with the electorate are far from being those expected.     

Elderly widows and widowers and their coresidents in late 19th- and early 20th-century England and Wales

This article examines the family and household patterns of widowers and widows in England and Wales between 1891 and 1921 in terms of the proportion of widowers and widows who lived with never- or ever-married children, servants, or inmates, with nonrelatives only, or on their own. The absence of marked change between 1891 and 1921 in the frequency with which elderly widowers and widows lived with a married or never-married child are in line with the Laslett [J. Fam. Hist. 12 (1987) 263.] expectation that family patterns evolve only slowly, certainly much slower than the forces of political and economic change. Where changes can be detected, as in the decline in frequency of coresidence with servants or inmates, these changes were experienced by the younger as well as the older widowed and by married people. Apparently, the residence patterns of the elderly widowed changed due to the introduction of means-tested old-age pensions in 1910. A second investigated is the extent to which the socioeconomic environment influenced the residence patterns of the widowed in a given time period. The effect in general proves to be weak with little difference between one environment and another in the frequency with which widowers coresided with their children and evidence of gender balancing of the household (relatively more widows living with sons and more widowers with daughters) visible only in agricultural environments.     

Habermas and Deleuze on Law and Adjudication

This article stages an encounter between Habermas and Deleuze on law, rights, and adjudication. Most of the article is spent developing Habermas’s concept of adjudication as the application of communicatively generated norms. This application, I argue, involves a complex temporality that is at once retrospective and non-creative. Deleuze is used to critique this concept of adjudication in favor of one based on concrete situations and the creation of new problems. In so doing, I will develop Deleuze’s notorious, and notoriously hostile, remarks on human rights and philosophies of communication by relating them to discourse ethics and to the positive conception of law and judgment that can be drawn from his work.

Crime Volume and Law and Order Culture

The literature on public opinion about crime and justice has neglected the exploration of macro‐ or community‐level influences on individual‐level attitudes. A key macrofactor that may be related to individual level attitudes is the volume of violent crime. High crime rates can facilitate the development of a culture of “law and order,” a response that may be a practical or instrumental attempt to control crime. The present paper tests the hypothesis that persons residing in nations marked by a high volume of crime will be more likely to adhere to elements of a law and order culture. It employs data from the International Social Science Program (N = 15,024). Controls are taken from major theoretical perspectives on public opinion about crime as well as demographic factors. The results from a hierarchical linear model support the hypothesis that individuals residing in nations with high crime rates are more likely than others to support law and order ideologies. The findings extend the support for this relationship from research based on the US alone to other industrialized societies.     

刍议询问和质询的异同及运作程序

询问和质询两者的相同点是：它们都是人大的监督形式,都要按一定的法律程序提出,都要在会议期间作出答复或说明。两者在性质、目的、对象、问题的内容和范围、答复或说明的场合、答复或说明问题的法律性质和范围、运作程序、法律效力和法律后果等方面存在不同。     

全球化与法理学的变革和更新

全球化进程深刻地改变着法的存在方式、价值取向和发展方向 ,也必然引起法理学的理论变革与更新。本文以法律本体论、法律价值观、法律人格观、法律发展观、法治观等五个法理学的基本论题为主题 ,分析或展望全球化所可能引起的法理学的理论变革和更新。