抗人N单克隆抗体的制备及其特性的研究

用ON型人红细胞免疫BALB/c小鼠脾细胞与SP2/O骨髓瘤细胞融合,获得分泌IgM类抗人N单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株(ON_1D_3)。其培养上清液抗体效价为128～256,诱生小鼠腹水的抗体效价为8192;与Panel A红细胞反应呈抗N特异性;检测273名成人红细胞,只特异性凝集N(?)MN型人红细胞,不凝集M型红细胞。与猴等9种动物红细胞无交叉反应;酶修饰试验结果表明,ON_1D_3识别的抗原决定簇是唾液酸依赖性的。     

分泌抗人类血型-H抗原单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株建立及初步应用

应用杂交瘤技术,建立了两株分泌抗 H 的单克隆抗体细胞株 H_(2-6)H_8和 B_(2-5)D_9。经体外培养半年以上,生物学性状稳定。两株细胞分泌的抗体属 IgM 类,特异性识别 H 型物质,与几种常见动物的红细胞无交叉反应。培养上清液和腹水的抗体效价最高分别达1024倍和1.28×10~5倍,可用在中和试验、免疫斑点法中,在实际办案中应用理想。     

分泌抗人精子单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立及鉴定

建立两株分泌抗人精子单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株G_8与E_(10),采用洗涤人精子免疫Balb/c小鼠,取免疫脾与Balb/c小鼠的Sp2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,杂交瘤细胞诱生腹水的方法。Elisa,IIF或酶标抗体免疫组化法结果发现,G_8与E_(10)单抗与人精子(射出精子、睾丸、副睾管及输精管中的精子)及睾丸各级生殖细胞均发生反应;与人甲状腺上皮细胞、肾小管上皮细胞、胰腺导管上皮细胞以及胰岛均发生不同程度的交叉反应,与其他33种人体正常组织、9种人体液与分泌液、8种不同种族的动物精子均不发生交叉反应,说明在一般情况下这两种抗体可用于鉴定人类的精液斑以及精液与阴道分泌液的混合斑。两种单抗与人精子的顶体部、赤道部、后核帽、颈部及中段结合,证明精子特异性表面抗原分布于这几个区域。两种抗体均属IgG_1,G_8与E_(10)抗体的效价分别为1:512与1:1024。     

巴比妥单克隆抗体制备及其免疫学特性鉴定

目的建立抗巴比妥单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株,制备抗巴比妥单克隆抗体,并对其免疫学特性进行鉴定。方法将巴比妥分子环状丙二酰脲环上氨基引入活性羧基,然后通过缩合反应分别与匙孔血蓝蛋白(KLH)和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)偶联,得到完全抗原BAR-KLH和BAR-BSA,并用紫外分光光度计鉴定。用BAR-KLH免疫Balb/C小鼠,利用细胞融合技术建立稳定分泌抗巴比妥单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株;采用体内诱生腹水法制备巴比妥单克隆抗体,饱和硫酸铵法、亲和层析法纯化,并进行免疫学特性鉴定。结果完全抗原偶联成功,其偶联率为30∶1;筛选出1株杂交瘤细胞命名为5C6,其产生的单抗效价为1∶6.4×104,属于IgG1/kappa,抗体亲和力常数为2.27×108L/moL。纯化后的巴比妥单克隆抗体用ELISA法检测其灵敏度为130ng/mL,并与其他7种镇静催眠类药物交叉反应率小于1%。结论本研究制备的杂交瘤细胞株5C6分泌的抗体具有高特异性和灵敏度。     

抗A单克隆抗体的初步应用

近年来应用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术制备抗A和抗B单克隆抗体(McAb)已取得成功.池本卯典等认为单克隆抗体可以作为一种新的血型分型试剂用于血型分型,血痕检查等工作. 我们应用杂交瘤技术获得一杂交瘤细胞株2G_(12),该细胞株稳定分泌IgM类抗A单克隆抗体(2G_(12)/A).培养上清液中抗A抗体效价为64～128,诱生腹水中抗A抗体     

抗人精特异性单克隆抗体的制备及初步鉴定

用正常人精液免疫BALB/C小鼠,取其脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞SP_2/O融合,得到6株分泌抗人精液单抗的杂交瘤。对其中一株命名为A_(10)C_6的杂交瘤特性,用免疫双扩散鉴定为IgG_1亚类,免疫组化证实它主要作用于人精子,ELISA(双抗体夹心法)证实它只与人精液起反应,而对牛、猪精液,人乳及A、B、O红细胞表面抗原物不起反应,证明它具有较高的特异性,有一定的应用价值。     

抗丁丙诺啡单克隆抗体的制备

目的建立抗丁丙诺啡单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株，制备高特异性的丁丙诺啡单克隆抗体，并对其免疫学特性进行鉴定。方法在丁丙诺啡的分子上连接活性羧基基团，通过缩合反应将丁丙诺啡半抗原连接于血蓝蛋白（KLH）和小牛血清白蛋白（BSA），形成完全抗原。以完全抗原免疫Balb／c小鼠，通过细胞融合，筛选等杂交瘤技术，建立稳定的分泌抗丁丙诺啡单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。通过腹腔注射杂交瘤细胞，诱导小鼠产生含有单抗的腹水。用辛酸-硫酸铵加亲和层析法纯化抗丁丙诺啡单克隆抗体。采用酶联免疫反应和胶体金膜层析实验测定丁丙诺啡单抗的特异性以及免疫反应动力学参数。结果共获得3株分泌抗丁丙诺啡单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株，分别命名为7E6，6G4和3C2。7E6，6G4抗体灵敏度为10．0ng／ml，3C2抗体灵敏度为20．0ng／ml。7E6，6CA和3C2抗体的亲和常数分别为3．6×10^-9 mol／L，4．3×10^-9 mol／L和6．3×10^-9 mol／L。特异性测试结果表明7E6和6G4抗体与40种药物、毒品无任何交叉反应，而3C2抗体与吗啡有交叉反应。结论杂交瘤细胞株7E6和6G4产生的抗丁丙诺啡单克隆抗体具有很高的特异性和灵敏度。     

高特异性三唑仑代谢物单克隆抗体的制备

目的建立分泌抗三唑仑代谢物α-羟基三唑仑单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,制备高特异性的三唑仑代谢物单克隆抗体,为三唑仑及其代谢物免疫分析方法的开发奠定基础。方法在三唑仑分子的6位苯环对位上引入活性氨基基团,然后通过缩合反应分别与匙孔血蓝蛋白(KLH)和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)相偶联形成完全抗原。以三唑仑-KLH免疫Balb/c小鼠,通过细胞融合,筛选等杂交瘤技术建立稳定的分泌特异性单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。纯化后的单克隆抗体,分别用SDS-PAGE电泳法、间接ELISA法和胶体金免疫层析法对其纯度、效价及灵敏度和特异性进行测定。结果获得3株能稳定分泌三唑仑代谢物单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为2G4,4B2和5H6。2G4和4B2抗体只与三唑仑代谢物α-羟基三唑仑有反应,灵敏度分别为500ng/mL和750ng/mL。与其他参试物无交叉反应。因5H6抗体为IgM,考虑到纯化难度和实际应用的限制,暂未做深入研究。结论本研究制备的2G4和4B2单克隆抗体仅识别三唑仑代谢物α-羟基三唑仑,具有高度特异性和灵敏度。     

制备抗人精液特异蛋白P30血清的研究

作者以精浆特异蛋白P30为抗原免疫新西兰白兔、豚鼠和鸡三种实验动物,制备了抗P30血清。用双向琼脂扩散法检测兔和豚鼠的抗 P30血清,其特异性和敏感性均达到目前国外同类产品的水平。抗 P30血清与阴道分泌物,血清、唾液、尿液、初乳以及羊精液、鸡精液均不出现交叉反应。用抗 P30血清检测混合的人精浆,其抗原效价为1:160;P30含量可测到12.5ug/ml。在三种动物的抗血清中,豚鼠抗 P30血清的抗体效价最高。以不同浓度的 P30测豚鼠、兔和鸡抗 P30血清抗体效价豚鼠平均滴度可达52.50,兔次之,鸡的抗 P30血清最差。经作者制备的抗 P30血清可用来确证精液。     

用酶免疫斑点法快速检测精浆特异蛋白P_(30)鉴定人精斑

作者用自制的辣根过氧化物酶标记的抗精浆特异蛋白P_(30) 单克隆抗体,建立了简便快速检测精斑中P_(30) 鉴定人精斑的斑点法。通过颜色变化判定结果,阳性为紫蓝色斑点,阴性为无色。结果表明,仅人类精斑和前列腺浸液出现阳性斑点,人体其他体液及组织器官浸液均为阴性。对动物血、精斑也无交叉反应。标定精斑稀释到1600倍亦可得到阳性结果。     

检验人精浆特异蛋白P30免疫胶体金试剂条的研制

目的制备用于检验人精浆特异蛋白P30-主要是来自法医学案件的免疫胶体金层析试剂条.方法选取针对不同抗原决定簇的抗P30单克隆抗体细胞株,并制备其小鼠腹水,分离纯化单克隆抗体.制备胶体金并以纯化抗体包被,制成免疫胶体金,以免疫胶体金浸泡玻璃纤维.选取适宜的硝酸纤维素膜并于其上不同位置以未金标的另一株P30单克隆抗体和羊抗鼠IgG包被.搭建试剂条并检测其灵敏度和特异性.结果所制成的试剂条灵敏度至少可达4ng/ml;对6人份混合的人精液物质在稀释20万倍后仍出阳性结果,且无非特异性反应.结论检验人精浆特异蛋白P30的免疫胶体金试剂条可对嫌疑人精物质做出排查,有利于法医物证检验.     

Detection of human seminal γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in stains using sandwich ELISA

A sensitive and specific sandwich ELISA for human seminal γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP) was developed using a combination of monoclonal antibodies, SG1 and SG3, which we produced. For semen identification in forensic samples, we modified the assay so as to be more sensitive and to establish efficient extracting conditions. After testing the extracting abilities of several detergents, CHAPS and deoxy-BIGCHAP were chosen as the solubilizer. Polystyrene beads coated with SG1 were incubated with samples extracted by the detergents, and further with biotinylated SG3, followed by peroxidase-labeled streptavidin. γ-GTP was detected only in seminal samples. The sensitivity of this assay was 0.01 ng/ml of seminal γ-GTP equivalent to 10⁷ times diluted semen, which was ten times as compared with the previous plate assay. No significant seminal γ-GTP was detected in other biological stains such as blood, saliva and vaginal smear. The extract of a 500 fold diluted seminal stain, 8 months old, showed the detection limit. Seminal γ-GTP was detectable even in 14-year-old stains.     

Evaluation of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) membrane test assays for the forensic identification of seminal fluid.

Prostate specific antigen (PSA, also known as p30), a glycoprotein produced by the prostatic gland and secreted into seminal plasma, is a marker used for demonstrating the presence of seminal fluid. Methods for the detection of PSA include Ouchterlony double diffusion, crossover electrophoresis, rocket immuno-electrophoresis, radial immunodiffusion, and ELISA. The extremely sensitive ELISA technique can detect PSA in concentrations as low as approximately 4 ng/mL. However, all these techniques are cumbersome and time consuming to perform in forensic laboratories, especially when only a few samples per week are processed. Various membrane tests are currently used in clinical settings to screen a patient's serum for the presence of PSA at levels greater than 4 ng/mL. In this study we evaluated three immunochromatographic PSA membrane tests by analyzing semen stains stored at room temperature for up to 30 years, post-coital vaginal swabs taken at different time after intercourse, semen-free vaginal swabs, and various female and male body fluids, including urine. The data demonstrate that PSA membrane test assays offer the same sensitivity as ELISA-based tests and provide a rapid approach for the forensic identification of seminal fluid. Furthermore, when the supernatant from a DNA extraction is used for the assay, there is essentially no DNA consumption for determining the presence of PSA in a forensic sample.     

An express immunological method for detection of human seminal plasma.

Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against human seminal plasma (HSP) were produced and during screening procedures dissociation constants of the antigen/antibody complexes were determined. Mab 1E5 was selected for further studies because of its high reactivity in an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and high affinity for its corresponding antigen. The specificity of Mab 1E5 was checked in absorption ELISA with human organ extracts and some biological secretions. It was established that the 1E5-corresponding epitope was a thermostable peptide moiety which could be detected in HSP, only. This monoclonal antibody was used for the development of an express method for detection of human semen. The assay was applied for screening of 57 cases of suspected rape. A complete correlation was found between the results obtained by the proposed test and by routine microscopic methods. The newly designed immunoassay is reliable, it is easily performed and it is less time-consuming.     

A dot-blot-immunoassay for semen identification using a polyclonal antibody against semenogelin, a powerful seminal marker

Among various seminal plasma proteins, semenogelin (Sg), produced in the seminal vesicle, has been considered a candidate for demonstrating the presence of semen. Sg consists of two proteins, one 52 kDa (Sg-I) in size, and the other a mixture of 71 and 76 kDa proteins (Sg-II). Recombinant Sg-I and Sg-II proteins were obtained using a baculovirus system and then injected into a rabbit to produce the respective antibodies [Characterization of recombinant precursor proteins of the human seminal plasma sperm motility inhibitor synthesized in insect cells, Int. J. Mol. Med. 2 (1998) 693]. When liquefied seminal plasma was immunoblotted with the anti-Sg-I and Sg-II antibodies, the anti-Sg-II antibody identified a wider range of the polypeptides originating from Sg than did the anti-Sg-I antibody. A dot-blot-immunoassay using anti-Sg-II antibody revealed a clear immunoreactive spot even when the semen was diluted 6400-fold. However, this assay showed that the Sg antigen was undetectable in saliva, urine, vaginal secretions, sweat, nasal secretions and serum. To determine the stability of Sg antigenic activity, filter paper with dried semen stains were kept at 37, 4 and 22 degrees C for 1, 6 and 18 months, respectively, and the Sg antigenic activity was examined. The activity was detectable in an area not less than 0.5 cm x 0.5 cm under all of the above environmental conditions during each period. Finally, semen was mixed with saliva or blood at various volumetric ratios, and used as a source of dried stains. The Sg antigenic activity was detectable in the stains until the ratio of semen to saliva or blood reached 1:8. These results suggest that Sg may be useful as a marker for semen identification.     

用斑点ELISA方法检测p30确证人类精斑

作者建立了检测精浆特异性抗原p30的斑点ELISA试验方法,确证人类精斑。p30最小检出量为0.4ng。用该法盲测了室温存放1年的生物性斑痕180例,无一例假阳性和假阴性,证明用此法确证人类精斑的敏感性和特异性均优于传统的方法,具有操作简便、快速,检材用量小,结果准确等优点。     

用ELISA检测精液及精斑中精子抗原的研究

本实验应用单克隆抗人精子抗体和酶标记羊抗人精子抗体,采用ELISA方法确定精子抗原成份的存在。对10份新鲜精液,15份精斑进行了验测,其结果阳性率为100%。新鲜精液(精子数约10,000万个/ml)稀释100万倍,精斑浸出液稀释50万倍,均可出现阳性。对唾液斑、尿斑、乳汁斑、阴道斑、汗斑及输精管结扎的精液均为阴性。实验结果表明,本法检验精子抗原具有灵敏度高,特异性好的优点。     

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for human semen identification based on a biotinylated monoclonal antibody to a seminal vesicle-specific antigen

Monoclonal antibody mouse antihuman semen-5 (MHS-5) (immunoglobulin G1 [IgG1]) was biotinylated using N-biotinyl-w-aminocaproic acid-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester. This monoclonal antibody-biotin conjugate recognized low molecular weight peptide bands between 10.5 and 20 kilodaltons on immunoblots of liquefied semen. Immunodominant peptides had molecular weights of 10.5, 11.5, and 13.5 kilodaltons. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) developed with the biotinylated-MAb and streptavidin peroxidase demonstrated sensitivity curves with lower limits of 10 ng of seminal fluid protein per microtiter well using 50 ng per well of monoclonal antibody-biotin conjugate. Cross-reactivity studies on a panel of human biological fluids and tissues demonstrated no cross-reactivity or false positives using the monoclonal antibody-biotin conjugate. The sensitivity of the monoclonal antibody-biotin ELISA was compared to ELISA based upon a polyclonal secondary antibody-peroxidase conjugate. These findings indicate that this ELISA assay, based on a biotinylated monoclonal antibody to a seminal vesicle-specific antigen, may be useful for semen identification.