国产磁珠结合自动化工作站批量提取生物检材DNA的应用

目的建立国产磁珠结合自动化工作站批量提取案件中生物检材DNA的方法。方法采用国产磁珠结合Bio-Robert Universal System自动化工作站对案件中常见的生物样本进行DNA提取,检测Identifiler系统16个STR基因座,在ABI3130XL遗传分析仪上进行STR分型。其中210份样品同时在ABI7500型荧光定量PCR仪上进行定量。结果9100份10类生物检材应用国产磁珠结合自动化工作站,大部分可提取到足够的DNA进行STR检验。STR检验成功率最高的为口腔拭子、肌肉,达100%,接触细胞检材的成功率较低,为50.0%。结论国产磁珠结合自动化工作站可用于案件中常见的大部分生物样本的DNA提取。     

二次消化结合磁珠法提取腐败组织DNA

目的 研究二次消化结合磁珠法对3种腐败组织DNA的提取效果.方法 采用二次消化结合磁珠法对用常规磁珠法提取DNA失败的91例高度腐败尸体的软骨、指(趾)甲、关节囊组织提取DNA,QuantifilerTM试剂盒进行DNA定量,用SinofilerTM或MinifilerTM试剂盒进行STR检测分型. 结果 91例高度腐...     

DNA IQ磁珠法结合Maxwell~（TM） 16自动仪提取接触DNA

目的研究DNA IQ磁珠法结合MaxwellTM 16自动仪对接触DNA提取的应用价值。方法 151份案件接触DNA检材95℃裂解后,采用DNA IQ磁珠法结合MaxwellTM 16自动仪提取DNA,然后进行DNA定量和STR分型检测,统计各种类型的接触DNA含量I、PC CT值和STR分型成功率。结果 151份案件接触DNA检材中,除果核平均DNA获得量为9.51ng以外,其它接触检材的平均DNA获得量均大于10ng,烟蒂检验成功率最高为93%,果核检验成功率较低,为60%。所有DNA样品的IPC CT值均在27左右,纯度高。结论大部分接触DNA检材采用DNA IQ磁珠法结合MaxwellTM 16自动仪可提取到足以进行STR分型的DNA。     

细胞裂解法和磁珠法在法医DNA检验中的对比

目的 比较细胞裂解法和磁珠法在法医DNA检验中的效果,探讨两种方法在法医学检验中的运用。方法 使用细胞裂解法和磁珠法获取不同数量的THP-1细胞的基因组DNA并使用实时定量PCR检测DNA含量。使用细胞裂解法和磁珠法对不同稀释倍数的人血进行STR分型检测。结果 当THP-1细胞数量为100、400和800个时,使用细胞裂解法提取的DNA含量分别为(1.219±0.334)、(5.081±0.335)、(9.332±0.318) ng;使用磁珠法提取的DNA含量分别为(1.020±0.281)、(3.634±0.482)、(7.896±0.759) ng,在THP-1细胞数量为400和800个时,细胞裂解法提取的DNA含量高于磁珠法(P<0.05)。使用细胞裂解法和磁珠法检测不同稀释倍数人血的STR分型时灵敏度相近,在血样稀释100、300和500倍时均能获取完整的STR分型,血样稀释700倍时,均无法检出完整STR分型。使用细胞裂解法无法检出未稀释人血的STR分型。结论 细胞裂解法操作方便,能最大程度保留模板DNA,有望适用于微量血痕检验。     

改良IPEP法用于痕量DNA检测的实验研究

目的探讨改良扩增前引物延伸(IPEP)法对痕量DNA样本STR检测分型的效果。方法用改良IPEP法对痕量样品DNA进行全基因组扩增(WGA),扩增产物用实时荧光定量PCR技术定量、用AmpFLSTR~ Indentifiler~试剂盒作基因型检测。结果该方法可增加模板DNA约200~1100倍。基因组DNA不低于0.025ng时,可获得15个STR基因座和Amelogenin性别基因座的分型结果。基因组DNA0.01~0.025ng时,可获得9个以上基因座的分型结果。结论改良IPEP法可有效提高痕量DNA样本STR分型检验的灵敏度,有较好的实用价值。     

批量陈旧血样DNA的自动化检验

目的建立批量陈旧血样DNA自动化提取检验的方法。方法采用普通磁珠法和本文建立的磁珠法经TECAN Freedom EVO150—8型自动化工作站分别提取540份陈旧血样模板DNA,采用Sinofiler^TM试剂盒进行荧光标记复合扩增。结果采用普通磁珠法和本文所建DNA提取方法,在540份样本中获得全部基因座STR分型的样本分别为217份和488份,检验成功率分别为40．2％和90．3％。结论本文所建方法可显著提高大批量陈旧血样自动化检验成功率。     

磁珠法自动化纯化现场检材DNA方法研究

目的利用TE-MAGS在TECAN工作站上结合磁珠试剂盒,建立自动化工作站批量纯化现场检材DNA的方法,并探讨其在法医物证检案中的应用。方法灵敏度测试:标准品使用0.1ng/μL 9947A,用200μL TES稀释制备DNA总量0.1ng~1ng共10种的标准样品,采用本文方法提取纯化,使用IdentifilerTM试剂盒扩增,用3130XL型测序仪检测,Gene Mapper ID-X分析,分析STR图谱质量;纯化能力测试:在1ng总量的标准样品中加入腐殖酸、血红素,采用本文方法提取纯化、扩增检测,分析STR图谱质量;实际案件应用对比:收集304份现场检材,分别采用本方法和硅珠法进行提取纯化,经扩增检测,统计对比两种提取纯化方法 STR分型成功率。结果灵敏度测试:0.1ng~0.2ng总量标准样品提取的DNA模板,扩增后可检测到部分基因座STR图谱,0.3ng~1ng总量标准样品提取的DNA模板,扩增后可以得到完整的STR图谱;纯化能力测试:对混合有一定浓度的腐殖酸、血红素的标准样品的提取产物检测图谱未见明显抑制;实际案件应用对比测试:304份现场检材工作站磁珠法检出成功率(50%)高于硅珠法(40.8%)。结论本文所建立的方法缓冲范围较大,回收率高,纯化能力强,提取产物STR分型成功率高,适合现场检材批量化DNA检验。     

人体接触检材前处理方式对磁珠法提取DNA效果的影响

目的比较3种常见的接触检材前处理方式对磁珠法提取DNA效果的影响。方法收集烟蒂、牙刷、纱线手套各10份;分别采用95℃、70℃直接裂解和TNE、SDS、PK预消化方式进行前处理,再用磁珠法提取纯化DNA,并进行DNA定量,统计提取的接触DNA量和IPC CT值;同时用Sinofiler复合扩增系统进行STR分型检测。结果 3种方法前处理后用磁珠提取的DNA纯度均较高I,PC CT值在26.63～27.19之间。用预消化法获得的DNA量高于裂解法,而95℃裂解与70℃裂解方法提取的DNA量无显著性差异。STR扩增检测结果亦表明,采用预消化法处理的样品STR分型成功率高于裂解法9,5℃与70℃裂解方法处理的样品STR分型成功率无显著性差异。结论人体接触检材采用预消化磁珠法提取DNA,有助于提高STR检验成功率。     

氨基比林血痕预试验处理血痕后样本的DNA定量

目的：探讨氨基比林血痕预试验处理血痕后样本DNA含量的变化及对STR分型检测的影响。方法10名健康无关个体EDTA抗凝血液制成滤纸血痕,氨基比林血痕预试验检测,按试验后血样干燥保存时间分30 min、1 h、3 h、6 h、12 h、24 h共6个实验组,并采用磁珠法、QIAcube DNA纯化法、Chelex-100法三种方法提取样本DNA,应用荧光定量PCR检测样本DNA含量,PCR-STR荧光技术进行STR分型。结果提取方法相同时,氨基比林血痕预试验后血样随干燥保存时间的延长,样本DNA含量呈逐渐降低的趋势。保存时间相同时,不同DNA提取方法间,样本DNA含量差异也有统计学意义。90.56%样本均可获得16个STR基因座明确分型。结论氨基比林血痕预试验对血痕样本DNA有损伤,24 h内多可获有效STR分型。磁珠法提取样本DNA进行STR分型,效果最好。     

两种DNA提取法对不同色泽肋软骨STR分型成功率的比较

目的比较两种DNA提取法对不同色泽肋软骨的DNASTR分型结果的影响。方法利用Chelex-100法和酚-氯仿法,分别对30例不同色泽的腐败尸体肋软骨进行DNA提取,STR复合扩增,ABI3100型基因分析仪对扩增产物进行检测。结果用酚-氯仿法提取的30例腐败尸体肋软骨,均检测到全部STR基因座的等位基因型。用Chelex-100法提取的肋软骨中,22例(11例白色、8例淡黄色、3例黄色)检测出全部STR基因座的等位基因型;7例(3例黄色、4例黄褐色)检测出部分STR基因座的等位基因型;1例黑灰色的腐败尸体肋软骨,未检测出STR基因座的等位基因型。结论根据肋软骨的色泽,选择适宜的DNA提取方法。对于颜色较深的肋软骨,用酚-氯仿法进行DNA提取有助于提高其STR基因座的检出率。     

吸附性载体上微量血痕的DNA分型

目的研究吸附性载体上微量血痕的DNA提取及其检验。方法用Chelex-100法、QIAamp MiniKit、及QIAamp Mini Kit改良法提取吸附性载体上微量血痕中的DNA,进行PCR扩增及STR检验。结果采用Chelex-100法及QIAamp Mini Kit的分型成功率很低;采用QIAamp Mini Kit的改良法能较好的得到分型图谱。结论采用QIAamp Mini Kit的改良法能较好的提取吸附性载体上微量血痕的模板DNA。     

STR and SNP analysis of human DNA from Lucilia sericata larvae's gut contents

Importance of forensic entomology becomes inevitable when come across some incident where corpse is unidentifiable and lot of maggots or other insects are present. The most common application of forensic entomology is to use insects for the identification of specimens or human remains. DNA analysis recovered from a larva's gut contents can be used to identify a missing body. The obtained human STR and SNP profile support the association of a maggot to a specific patients or corpse. Main aim of this research was the identification of human DNA from gut contents of third instar maggots (larvae of Lucilia sericata) placed on diabetic patient's wounds for treatment purpose. Maggots (8–15) were taken from each diabetic patients (no. of the patients 8) and DNA was extracted from the gut contents manually by using Qiagen tissue protocol. Agarose gel electrophoresis was performed and the total size of DNA was seen using UV transilluminator. PCR amplification, STRs and SNPs profiling was then performed using PCR 9700 and AmpFLSTR Identifiler and SnaPshot Multiplex Kit (Applied Biosystems) respectively. The results were analyzed on ABI 310. SNP profiles were good and identifiable compared to the STRs where amplification was poor and the peaks were low. This may be the fact of the enzymatic activity present in the gut of the larvae which cause tremendous reduction in DNA size and thus yield. The results of this study reveals that it is possible to obtain a complete human profile using STRs and SNPs even if DNA is recovered from gut contents of maggots.     

尿液及尿斑DNA分型的研究

目的研究尿液及尿斑的DNA提取及其检验。方法用Chelex100法及QIAampMiniKit提取尿液及尿斑样本中的DNA,进行PCR扩增及STR检验。结果新鲜的及存放时间在12h以内的尿液样本能得到较好的分型结果;存放2d左右的尿液样本有50%能检出基因型;存放7d及更长时间的尿液样本全部不能检出基因型;尿斑样本的分型成功率很低。结论较新鲜的尿液样本均能进行DNA分型,在法医检案中具有应用价值。     

3种甲醛固定组织DNA提取方法的比较

目的对不同方法提取甲醛固定组织中DNA的效果进行比较,寻找一种操作简便、经济实用、质量较高的DNA提取方法。方法取甲醛固定的心肌组织14份,分别以改良酚-氯仿法,改良Trizol法,试剂盒法提取DNA,进行紫外分光光度计测定OD260/OD280值后,经PCR扩增,琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析确定提取的DNA质量。结果改良酚-氯仿法,改良Trizol法,试剂盒法OD260/OD280比值分别为1.841 5±0.380 4、1.370 5±0.336 7、0.831 6±0.175 0。两两比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。3种不同方法提取DNA含量分别为0.943 8±0.530 1、0.707 5±0.423 6、0.342 8±0.182 5。PCR扩增后琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示以改良酚-氯仿法所提DNA的谱带清晰度好于其它两种方法。结论改良酚-氯仿法简便有效,所用试剂价格低廉,是一种经济实用的甲醛固定组织DNA提取方法。     

改良差异裂解法结合硅珠法提取混合斑精子DNA

目的采用改良差异裂解法结合硅珠法提取混合斑中精子DNA,并评价其应用价值。方法收集52例经常规差异裂解法检验含有女性分型的混合斑检材,采用改良差异裂解法结合硅珠法提取精子细胞DNA,IdentifilerTM试剂盒进行PCR扩增检验。并将常规差异裂解法结果作为对照。结果52例混合斑检材中,采用改良差异裂解法结合硅珠法检出单一男性精子成分有38例,男性分型检出率达到98．08％。结论改良差异裂解法结合硅珠法适合提取混合斑中精子DNA。     

差异提取试剂盒在混合斑DNA提取中的应用

目的评估差异提取试剂盒对混合斑样本中的精子和上皮细胞DNA分离提取的有效性。方法采用差异提取试剂盒,选择性裂解精细胞和上皮细胞,结合磁珠法分别对人为控制条件下制备的模拟混合样本和案件中的混合斑检材进行精细胞DNA和上皮细胞DNA的分离提取。对所提取的DNA进行定量分析和STR分型。结果该试剂盒能从精子和上皮细胞不同比例的混合斑中提取出高纯度的精细胞和上皮细胞DNA。结论该差异提取试剂盒适用于性侵害案件中混合斑检材的DNA提取。     

A Simple and Efficient Method of Extracting DNA from Aged Bones and Teeth

DNA is often difficult to extract from old bones and teeth due to low levels of DNA and high levels of degradation. This study established a simple yet efficient method for extracting DNA from 20 aged bones and teeth (approximately 60 years old). Based on the concentration and STR typing results, the new method of DNA extraction (OM) developed in this study was compared with the PrepFiler? BTA Forensic DNA Extraction Kit (BM). The total amount of DNA extracted using the OM method was not significantly different from that extracted using the commercial kit (p > 0.05). However, the number of STR loci detected was significantly higher in the samples processed using the OM method than using the BM method (p < 0.05). This study aimed to establish a DNA extraction method for aged bones and teeth to improve the detection rate of STR typing and reduce costs compared to the BM technique.     

Evaluation of five DNA extraction systems for recovery of DNA from bone

Five DNA extraction systems were assessed for their DNA extraction efficiency on samples of fresh pig bone. Four commercially available silica-based extraction kits (ChargeSwitch^® gDNA Plant Kit (Life Technologies), DNA IQ^TM System Kit (Promega), DNeasy^® Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen) and PrepFiler^® BTA Forensic DNA Extraction Kit (Life Technologies)) and a conventional phenol-chloroform method were tested in this study. Extracted DNA samples were quantitated with GoTaq^® qPCR Master Mix (Promega) using an Applied Biosystems^® 7500 Real-Time PCR System and the extracts were amplified using an in-house multiplex system. The phenol-chloroform extraction produced higher yields of DNA than the silica-based extraction methods. Among the silica-based extractions ChargeSwitch^® gDNA Plant Kit recovered the highest amounts of DNA. However, all methods produced DNA that could be amplified and none of the extracts contained any detectable inhibition.     

Mitochondrial DNA and STR analyses of maggot crop contents: effect of specimen preservation technique

DNA analysis of maggot crop contents can be used to identify a missing body or aid entomologists with interpreting evidence used for PMI estimations. Entomological evidence is often collected and preserved to keep identifiable external features intact. The preservation methods currently in use may not be suitable for preserving DNA in the maggot crop for later analysis. In this study, carrion maggots raised on human tissue were preserved under the following 8 preservation conditions: no fluid at -70 degrees C, no fluid at 4 degrees C, no fluid at 24 degrees C, 70% ethanol at 4 degrees C, 70% ethanol at 24 degrees C, 95% ethanol at 24 degrees C, Kahle's solution at 24 degrees C and formaldehyde at 24 degrees C. Maggots were dissected following 2 weeks, 8 weeks and 6 months of preservation. The maggot crops were extracted, human DNA was quantitated, and an attempt was made at amplifying mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and short tandem repeat (STR) loci. Both mtDNA and STRs were successfully amplified from maggots stored in ethanol or without any preservation fluid. Formalin-containing preservation solutions reduced the recovery of DNA. The best results were observed from maggots stored without any preservation fluid at -70 degrees C.