推进长吉图开发开放先导区建设的政策建议——基于地区间产业关联研究的结论

推进长吉图开发开放先导区的建设对于培育吉林省新的增长极、提高东北地区开发开放水平意义重大。利用地区间/多区域投入产出模型,对东北地区和东北亚区域产业关联进行实证分析,发现东北地区在国际产业关联、区际产业关联、省际产业关联等三个方面的程度和效能都比较低,导致产业发展和产业结构调整严重受限。今后,吉林省需要积极培育和发展主导产业(群)、通过合理配套相关产业政策、加强基础设施建设,重点发挥长吉图开发开放先导区在东北地区"飞铃"型产业关联的中枢作用,带动东北地区全面发展。     

长吉图开发开放先导区的区域引力与产业布局研究

长吉图开发开放先导区的成立,为东北亚的发展带来了新的机遇。虽然长吉图开发开放先导区内存在着两个经济中心,但延图龙地区的经济发展辐射能力明显低于长吉图。经过近十年的发展,使得长吉图的一体化趋势更加明显,该核心区的第二产业实力雄厚,第三产业发展相对落后;而延图龙核心区第二产业与周边地区产业发展存在脱离现象,未能实现优势互补,第三产业发展势头较好,但现阶段的辐射能力不足。因此,必须加大延图龙及珲春市的建设,推进另一个经济中心的快速增长;大力推进长吉图区域的交通建设,促进产业升级及转变产业增长方式。     

长吉图开发开放先导区与国际大通道建设研究

图们江国际大通道建设对于长吉图先导区的发展建设具有十分重要的意义。图们江国际大通道不仅贯穿长吉图先导区,将东北亚地区6国联系在一起,也是长吉图先导区向东连接日、韩、朝,向西连接俄蒙,并延伸至欧洲和北美的重要通道。因此,建设长吉图先导区的首先任务是加快建立图们江国际大通道,为先导区探索沿边地区对外开放新模式提供有力支撑。     

联动与承接:兴安盟与“长吉图”经济社会互动发展研究

国务院批准的长吉图开发开放先导区,既是提升我国东北地区沿边开放水平、增强东北地区(尤其是吉林省)经济社会发展新的重大举措,同时也是促进区域合作开发、实现区域性联动发展的新探索。兴安盟南承长吉图先导区、西北接资源能源丰富的蒙古国东方省、东临我国重要的蒙东煤炭生产基地、东北靠风景秀美且矿产资源丰富的呼伦贝尔大草原。作为蒙东地区重要的交通枢纽,兴安盟近可作为长吉图先导区强而有力的腹地支撑,远可作为长吉图先导区向北纵深、联结蒙俄的前沿地带。     

长吉图开发开放先导区建设与东北亚区域合作

2009年11月18日，国务院正式批复《中国图们江区域合作开发规划纲要——以长吉图为开发开放先导区》（以下简称“长吉图先导区”），引起了各界广泛关注，它标志着长吉图开发开放先导区建设已上升为国家战略。这是进一步推动东北老工业基地振兴的重大举措和实现跨越式发展的大好机遇，更是提升我国沿边开放水平的重要战略部署和加快融入东北亚的良好开端。     

区域自主创新与投资支持探讨

区域自主创新离不开投资的支持,投资支持力度影响着区域自主创新的水平。为此,需要对区域自主创新的投资支持力度进行评价,进而了解投资支持存在的问题。我们以山东省为例对区域自主创新的投资支持力度进行了评价,认为目前区域自主创新的投资支持力度不足。为了加强对区域自主创新投资的支持,需要充分发挥财政创新投资的引导和示范作用,促进财政和企业创新投资的区域分布合理化;应转变观念,培育技术研发型对外直接投资主体,调整对外直接投资的区位,调整对外直接投资的领域;应提高创新型企业的技术吸收能力,提高高新技术产业利用外商直接投资的能力,促进外商直接投资的区域分布合理化等。     

长吉图开发开放与吉林省对俄经贸发展前景分析

2009年国务院批复长吉图开放开发先导区规划,为吉林省发展对俄贸易提供了新机遇。该规划的实施将大力推动中俄互市贸易区、中俄产业合作园区、中俄经济走廊及物流体系的形成和发展,为吉林省对俄贸易在政策保障、资源利用、实力支撑、旅游产业以及科技交流等方面带来了新契机。     

回顾创新历程再铸辉煌硕果——吉林大学东北亚研究中心参与图们江区域开发开放学术研究创新纪要

国务院批准了《中国图们江区域合作开发规划纲要——以长吉图为开发开放先导区》,长吉图开发开放先导区作为我国推动图们江区域合作开发的重要载体,已上升为国家战略。吉林大学东北亚研究中心全程参与了该项目的研究和设计,在吉林省委、省政府的正确领导下,为《规划纲要》的获批做出了重要贡献,也为吉林大学服务国家战略、服务地方经济建设提供了一个典型范例。今后,吉林大学东北亚研究中心将继续组织一批跨学科的专家研究长吉图发展战略、东北地区发展战略、东北亚经济区发展战略,以支持长吉图的建设发展,助推吉林振兴和东北振兴。     

溢出效应下的长吉图开发与东北亚合作

受制于历史和现实因素的影响,多年以来东北亚区域合作并未取得突破性进展。寻求有效的突破点,加快东北亚合作成为当务之急。根据新功能主义的溢出效应理论,长吉图先导区开发开放可产生溢出效应,即在产业开发、贸易发展及政策先行先试等三个方面,将对东北亚区域合作产生重要的促进作用。     

朝鲜经济政策的变化对长吉图通道建设的影响

在大图们江区域合作开发及长吉图先导区建设过程中,对外通道建设一直是合作发展的关键节点和制约因素。长期以来,对外通道建设发展缓慢的一个重要原因就是受制于外部政策环境的制约。但2010年以来,特别是金正日当年两次访华以来,朝鲜对外经济政策发生了一系列积极的变化,尽管这种变化尚有不确定性的一面,但我们只要抓住其确定性的一面,并在条约、制度及资金等保障措施上锁定这一确定性,将有利于中朝合作加快长吉图先导区对外通道的建设与发展。     

越南外商直接投资的特点及其对经济增长的影响

从20世纪80年代后期开始,越南开始推行经济体制改革,鼓励外商投资者到越南投资.由于越南丰富的劳动力资源和良好的社会环境,越南经济增长很快,良好的经济基本面吸引了大量外商直接投资,而外商直接投资在越南经济增长中也发挥了重要作用.     

Is foreign direct investment good for the poor? A review and stocktake

Few issues in the development process raise as much heat as the role of the international private sector in the form of transnational corporations (TNCs) and foreign direct investment (FDI). This article reviews the most recent research on the impact of FDI on economic growth and poverty reduction in developing countries. A brief history of FDI is given. This is followed by discussion of the conceptual transmission mechanisms linking FDI, growth, and poverty. The available empirical evidence is then discussed. It is argued that it is not a question of whether FDI is good or bad for social and economic development, but that its impact is determined by the terms upon which FDI is accepted. Although overall the evidence on FDI, growth, and poverty is not conclusive, research has had a tendency to suggest that the benefits of FDI are linked to the FDI policy regime; and that the current orthodoxy of maintaining a highly liberal FDI policy regime leads to a situation whereby developing countries have a precarious trade-off to make between attracting FDI and maintaining policy instruments to extract the benefits of any inflows.     

俄罗斯FDI区位选择影响因素实证分析

近年来,俄罗斯由于能源贸易蓬勃发展以及产业结构的调整优化,吸引FD I流入的能力也不断增强。2007年俄罗斯更是以同比增长70.3%的成绩在所有吸引外国直接投资的国家中名列第七。从FD I的区域流向来看,出现了FD I集中于制造业、采掘业和加工业等行业的现象。对当前俄罗斯FD I区位流向进行实证研究,可以发现产业集聚程度和创新能力是影响俄罗斯FD I区位选择的主要因素。     

外国在印度市场上直接投资的现状分析及对中国的启示

一、印度的投资环境(一)外国对印度投资的有利条件1.印度是一个潜力巨大的市场。印度人口10亿 ,是世界上人口仅次于我国的发展中国家 ,GDP达5200亿美元 ,人均GDP为504美元 ,近年来经济保持年均5%～6%的增速 ,是全球经济增速最快国家之一 ,其经济增长势头和市场潜力不容忽视。目前约有2亿中产阶级(人均收入在1400美元以上)①,劳动力成本较低 ,劳工标准不像发达国家那样严格 ,对环保没有特殊要求 ,有着和西方国家一样的政治制度 ,故随着环境的不断改善 ,印度将是最有潜力的国际资本市场、商品市场和劳务市场。2.印度利用外资的政策有了新发…     

Variation in Bilateral Investment Treaty Provisions and Foreign Direct Investment Flows to China, 1997–2011

This article examines the differentisal effects of specific provisions included in China’s bilateral investment treaties (BITs) in inducing foreign direct investment (FDI). Empirical analysis yields some evidence suggesting that while the signing of a BIT does not necessarily boost FDI, the entry into force of a BIT does exert a strong effect on investment flows. More importantly, we find substantial evidence that BITs with stronger investment protection provisions such as absolute and relative standards of treatment and dispute settlement procedures are more likely to induce greater FDI flows. These results suggest that the variation in the institutional design of bilateral investment treaties strongly influences FDI flows by shaping foreign investors’ expectations of their asset security and the overall stability of the host country investment environment.     

汇率及其波动与日本对华直接投资

日本是我国重要的贸易伙伴和外商直接投资来源国。影响日本企业对我国直接投资的因素可能有多种,本文拟从汇率因素切入,并以日本对华直接投资的事实数据和特征为背景,研究日元与人民币双边真实汇率对日本对华直接投资的影响。首先通过GARCH模型对双边真实汇率的波动进行测算,然后以此变量和真实汇率变量为基础,通过脉冲响应函数和方差分解技术,研究真实汇率水平及其波动对流入我国的日本FDI带来的影响。模型结果显示,双边真实汇率及其波动均对FDI产生了显著影响,而且该影响同理论预期相吻合,说明真实汇率是影响日本对华直接投资的重要因素,现阶段保持人民币汇率的相对稳定性有利于日本对华直接投资的增长。     

加快吸收日韩资金的新对策研究

近年来日韩投资重心不断南移表明,地缘优势对外资区位选择的影响程度在降低。在新形势下要加快利用日韩资金的步伐,就必须提高引资竞争力。可采取的主要措施有:促进产业集群发展,切实增强产业配套能力;降低商务成本,增强外企的成本竞争力;以强化服务为重点,营造良好的开放环境。     

Federal Institutions and Multinational Investors: Federalism,Government Credibility,and Foreign Direct Investment

Political risk is an important factor in the decision to invest abroad. While the investment potential might be lucrative, there is always the risk that the host government will expropriate the profits and assets of the foreign investor. Political institutions, however, can serve as constraints on the actions of political actors in the host country. We argue that federal structures lower political risk. Joint-reputational accountability in overlapping political jurisdictions increases the likelihood that investment contracts will be honored. Empirical analyses of cross-sectional time-series data for 115 countries, from 1975–1995, are used to study how political institutions affect foreign direct investment (FDI) flows. After controlling for the effect of relevant economic and political variables, we find that both democratic and federal institutions help attract FDI, although the additive effect of democracy and federalism is small. This is not surprising; democratic systems already have low political risk; they do not need the additional credibility that the federal system provides to attract FDI. In contrast, we expect that federal structures significantly improve the trustworthiness of less democratic states. Empirically, we find that less democratic countries with federal political systems attract some of the highest levels of FDI.     

When BITs have some bite: The political-economic environment for bilateral investment treaties

Political risk frequently impedes the flow of capital into developing countries. In response, governments often adopt innovative institutions that aim to attract greater flows of international investment and trade by changing the institutional environment and limiting the risk to outside investors. One primary example of this is the Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT), aimed specifically at increasing the flow of foreign direct investment (FDI) to developing countries. Yet the literature in political science and economics is inconclusive about whether or not BITs do indeed stimulate FDI, and it provides conflicting theoretical reasoning for the claimed connection. This article argues that BITs do attract FDI to developing countries, but the story is a complicated one. Two important factors must be taken into account. First, BITs cannot entirely substitute for an otherwise weak investment environment. Countries must have the necessary domestic institutions in place that interact with BITs to make these international commitments credible and valuable to investors. Second, as the coverage of BITs increases, overall FDI flows to developing countries increase. However, although remaining positive, the marginal effect of a country’s BITs on its own FDI may fall because of heightened competition for FDI from other BIT countries. Using data from 97 countries for 1984–2007, we provide empirical evidence consistent with both of these theoretical claims.