扎鲁司特对低温诱发肺动脉高压肉鸡右心功能的影响

将 6 0只雄性艾维茵商品代肉鸡常规育雏免疫 ,17日龄时随机分为 3组 :常温对照组 (常温组 )、低温模型组 (低温组 )和低温扎鲁司特组 (扎鲁司特组 )。各组于处理后第 14d(31日龄 )和第 2 1d(38日龄 )分别用右心导管法测定右心室压、右心室内压最大变化速率 (±dp/dtmax)和腹水心脏指数 (AHI)。结果 ,31日龄时 ,扎鲁司特组右心室收缩压显著 (P <0 .0 5 )或极显著 (P <0 .0 1)高于低温组和常温组 ,但右心室舒张压无显著变化 ;其±dp/dtmax显著高于低温组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;其AHI也显著高于常温组和低温组 (P <0 .0 5 )。 38日龄时 ,扎鲁司特组右心室收缩压显著低于低温组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但其右心室舒张压显著高于常温组 ,低温组与常温组无显著性差异 ;其±dp/dtmax显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;此时 ,其AHI仍最高 ,显著高于常温组 ,而低温组与常温组无显著性差异。表明 ,长期应用扎鲁司特可使肺动脉高压肉鸡右心功能降低 ,促使肉鸡低温诱发肺动脉高压的发生     

感染新型鸭肝炎病毒雏鸭的SOD活性和MDA含量变化

用新型鸭肝炎病毒人工感染雏鸭 ,对感染雏鸭血液、肝、脑中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性和丙二醛 (MDA)含量进行了检测。结果显示 :血清和肝组织中MDA含量在感染后第 2 4h极显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,脑组织中MDA含量无显著变化。血清中SOD活性第 2 4h极显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,第 96h极显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;肝组织SOD活性于感染后第 2 4h显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;脑组织中SOD活性无显著变化。提示 :自由基参与了新型鸭肝炎的发生、发展过程。     

高锌对雏鸡红细胞免疫功能的影响

将 1日龄艾维茵肉鸡雏 2 0 0只随机分为 4组 ,Ⅰ组为对照组 ,Ⅱ～Ⅳ组为试验组 ,分别饲喂不同日粮 ,Ⅰ组 :基础日粮 (含Zn 10 0mg/kg) ,Ⅱ组 :基础日粮 Zn 1 4 0 0mg/kg ,Ⅲ组 :基础日粮 Zn 1 90 0mg/kg ,Ⅳ组 :基础日粮 Zn 2 4 0 0mg/kg ,试验期为 7周。结果发现 ,日粮高锌可导致雏鸡红细胞C3bRR花环率降低 ,ICR花环率升高。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组C3bRR花环率 2周龄时显著下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组第 5和 7周龄时也极显著低于Ⅰ组。Ⅳ组ICR花环率 2周龄时显著高于Ⅰ组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组ICR花环率也有所升高 ,但与对照组比较 ,仅Ⅱ组于 5周龄时差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。     

不同海拔地区牦牛的肺组织形态学比较

对生活在不同海拔地区的牦牛肺组织进行了组织学观察和比较。结果表明 ,高海拔地区牦牛单位面积内的肺泡数多于低海拔地区牦牛 ,分别为 (34.6 2± 5 .15 )个 /mm2 和 (2 7.19± 4 .37)个 /mm2 ,差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1) ;高海拔地区牦牛的肺泡隔厚度大于低海拔地区牦牛 ,分别为 (3.5 2±0 .5 8) μm和 (2 .78± 0 .4 3) μm ,差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1)。     

电针刺激动物穴位的抗腹泻试验

通过动物试验和临床治疗观察了电针刺激动物穴位的抗腹泻作用。结果显示 ,电针刺激后海穴和百会穴能显著 (P <0 .0 5 )或极显著 (P <0 .0 1)地降低番泻叶、蓖麻油和高渗硫酸镁溶液所致小鼠试验性腹泻的发生率和腹泻次数 ;电针刺激对仔猪白痢的疗效显著 ,有效率达 90 .5 % ,治愈率为 80 .1%     

感染堆形艾美球虫的鸡血清生化指标检测

将 3 6只 2 4日龄AA鸡分为 3组 ,Ⅰ组每只鸡感染堆形艾美球虫 (Eimeriaacervulina)孢子化卵囊 70万个 ,Ⅱ组每只鸡感染 2 0万个 ,Ⅲ组为不感染对照组。对 3组试验鸡分别在感染前和感染后 4d、7d采心血 ,分离血清后检测 10项生化指标。结果 ,血清葡萄糖含量和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性在感染前后没有显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;血清总蛋白、白蛋白、甘油三酯含量和酸性磷酸酶活性在 4d和 7d均显著下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其中Ⅱ组鸡的甘油三酯含量在 4d所降的幅度显著大于Ⅰ组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;球蛋白、尿酸含量和碱性磷酸酶活性在 4d都显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,7d时Ⅰ组鸡的碱性磷酸酶活性仍显著高于感染前测定值 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而球蛋白和尿酸含量均出现回落 ;Ⅰ组鸡的胆碱酯酶活性在 7d显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,Ⅱ组的胆碱酯酶活性在 4d和 7d均显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。     

中药对鸡新城疫灭活疫苗免疫效果的影响

手工乳化制备含 2 0 g/L人参皂甙、4 0g/L海藻多糖、4 0 g/L黄芪多糖、4 0 g/L芦荟多糖的鸡新城疫灭活油乳剂疫苗 ,注射免疫 2 1日龄粤黄鸡 ,即日起连续 3d按体重胸肌注射环磷酰胺 4 0mg/kg ,每日 1次 ;免疫后第 7、14、2 1、2 8、4 2d采血检测鸡新城疫HI抗体效价 ,免疫后第 14、2 8d采血检测红细胞CR1受体 (RBC CR1)花环率、免疫器官指数和血清超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性。结果表明 ,人参皂甙、海藻多糖在免疫后期能提高鸡新城疫HI抗体效价 ,而黄芪多糖、芦荟多糖作用不明显 ;人参皂甙、黄芪多糖、芦荟多糖能显著提高鸡RBC CR1花环率 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,海藻多糖作用不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;海藻多糖、芦荟多糖能显著提高血清SOD活性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,人参皂甙、黄芪多糖作用不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;人参皂甙、海藻多糖能显著提高免疫器官指数 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,黄芪多糖、芦荟多糖作用不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。     

实验性免疫应激对雏鸡细胞免疫功能的影响

用NDⅠ系疫苗大剂量肌肉注射 2周龄雏鸡的方法建立实验性免疫应激模型 ,探讨应激状态下细胞免疫功能受到的影响。将 2 0 0只 2周龄健康雏鸡随机分成 4组 ,检测免疫器官中CD4 、CD8 T淋巴细胞变化。结果 ,试验 2、3组CD4 T淋巴细胞数从第 3d开始下降 ,第 5d最低 ,与对照组相比差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;CD8 T淋巴细胞数的特征性变化为从第 3d开始上升 ,第 5d最高 ,与对照组相比差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。     

β-葡聚糖酶对马岗鹅T淋巴细胞数及免疫器官的影响

取 1日龄马岗鹅 15 0只 ,随机分为 2组 ,试验组用 β 葡聚糖酶拌料饲喂 ,对照组喂不含 β 葡聚糖酶的饲料 ,于不同日龄检测各免疫器官的器官指数 ,应用酸性α 醋酸萘酯酶 (ANAE)染色法检测T淋巴细胞数目。探讨 β 葡聚糖酶对马岗鹅的免疫器官及T淋巴细胞ANAE 的影响。结果 ,β 葡聚糖酶能显著增加T淋巴细胞数量 ,在第 2、8周时试验组与对照组差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,在 12周时差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1) ;而对免疫器官没有明显的影响。     

幼龄绵羊血清T4含量的季节和昼夜周期变化

幼龄绵羊血清甲状腺素 (T4)含量的放射免疫测定 (RIA )表明 ,幼龄绵羊年平均含量为 5 8.10 6ng/mL±11.0 5 4ng/mL ,其中冬季昼夜平均含量最高为 72 .5 94ng/mL± 5 .0 48ng/mL ,极明显地高于其他季节 ;春季为 60 .171ng/mL± 8.0 11ng/mL ,极明显地高于夏季均值 47.0 5 5ng/mL± 1.5 41ng/mL(P <0 .0 1) ;秋季为 5 2 .60 2ng/mL± 2 .896ng/mL,与夏季无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。测定结果还表明 ,昼夜周期性变化无明显的差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但白天小绵羊血清中T4含量高于夜晚。     

China＇s Rise vs. International Order Evolution

A heated debate over the rise of China has been going on unabated in the international community for nearly two decades. However, with the elapse of time, the initial divergence of views in the mainstream opinion has gradually diminished and the gap in China policy among nations has likewise narrowed down. Instead, reason and a realistic approach have eventually taken center stare.     

The U. S. Policy toward DPRK: Opportunities and Constraints

布什政府上台以来,始终未能阻止朝鲜拥核步伐.朝核试后,美对朝政策有了新的调整,六方会谈得以复会.但美朝双方受各自国家利益和政策目标的限制,在朝鲜半岛无核化问题上的尖锐分歧难以解决,朝核危机仍存在再度升级的可能.     

Marxist Philosophy vs. International Relations Research in China

This article argues for the confirmation of Marxist philosophy as the ideology that guides international relations （IR） studies in China. Justification comes through the following points. According to Marxism, correct theoretical guidance serves as the prerequisite for correct practice. Marxist philosophy embodies, by nature, righteousness, in opposition to political hegemony. Accordingly, practice under its guidance represents fruitful revolutionary realism. Finally, advanced studies of international relations in this country cannot be separated from philosophical thinking. Using these arguments as background, this article specifically advocates materialism, patriotism, and service to the people as the corner-stone of China＇s IR theory building.     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

Excavating Concealed Tradeoffs: How Russians Watch the News

Citizens in democracies are expected to make better decisions if they understand policy tradeoffs. However, politicians rarely have incentives to communicate them; citizens are uncomfortable choosing among valued outcomes; and devising a common metric is difficult. It is not surprising that in the United States the environment provides relatively little cuing or priming of tradeoffs in television news. Russian citizens, on the other hand, face a media environment in which tradeoff cuing is intentionally suppressed by owners' agendas, yet viewers detect concealed tradeoffs even in the absence of tradeoff priming and viewpoint diversity. Analysis of discourse among ordinary Russians in 16 focus groups convened in four cities, differentiated by political reform and media market environments, showed that when watching news in which tradeoffs are thoroughly concealed, viewers challenge stories by offering a broad spectrum of uncued tradeoffs. Tradeoffs come from diverse policy domains and represent a range of cognitive strategies, some of which are considerably more abstract than others and link elements of their observations and assumptions (together with what they can extract from the stories) into complex reasoning outcomes.     

The U.S. Global Strategy as Seen from the Debate in the Primary Election

There may be more than one year to go before the 2008 U.S. presidential election, but the primary election of the two parties has already begun ahead of time. Both the Democratic and Republican candidates for the     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1. Introduction
On the morning of April 1st, 2001, a U.S. EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China＇s Hainan Island. Two Chinese fighter jets intercepted the spy plane and followed its flight, as is considered ordinary international practice. For reasons unknown, the EP-3 airplane made a sudden maneuver and crashed into one of the Chinese planes. The Chinese plane dropped into the sea, the pilot missing. The U.S. spy plane was also severely damaged. It intruded into Chinese territorial space and landed on Hainan Island without official permission from the Chinese side. After landing, the spy plane and 24 crew on board were detained by the Chinese authorities. This air collision episode was the first of its kind in the China-U.S. relations and an urgent diplomatic crisis ensued.     

Constitution of the Chinese Associa tion for Interna tiona l Understa nding(Approved by the Plenary Session of the Eleventh Executive Council on April 2, 2014)

正Chapter I General Rules Article 1 The Chinese Association for International Understanding is a national non-governmental organization(NGO)in the People’s Republic of China.Article 2 The official name of the Association is"Zhong Guo Guo Ji Jiao Liu Xie Hui"in Chinese,or"Jiao Liu Xie Hui"for short.Its English translation is"Chinese Association for International Understanding",and abbreviated as"CAFIU".     

Guide to Authors

正Published by China Institute of International Studies,China International Studies is China’s first English-language journal on diplomacy and international politics for formal circulation.The magazine mainly publishes the latest research achievements of Chinese scholars and specialists on China’s diplomacy,international politics and international relations under such columns as China’s Diplomacy,International Relations,International Politics,International Security,Regional Issues and World Economy.