环形泰勒虫喀什株感染牛淋巴细胞系的建立及其生物学特征的鉴定

建立1株环形泰勒虫(Theileria annulata)感染的牛淋巴细胞系,分析其生物学特征,为环形泰勒虫病疫苗研发提供新的细胞系。用环形泰勒虫喀什株感染的小亚璃眼蜱成蜱叮咬健康黄牛,当动物体温升高,体表淋巴结肿大时,用显微镜检查肩前和股前淋巴结穿刺物涂片,出现裂殖体感染的淋巴细胞时,手术摘取淋巴结,无菌条件下进行淋巴细胞的分离培养;选择合适的培养条件对该细胞进行适应性传代培养,可稳定传代培养后,绘制细胞生长曲线,测定细胞倍增时间和细胞周期,测定细胞系环形泰勒虫18S rRNA基因序列,通过序列比对分析其亲缘关系。结果显示,建立了1株可传代培养的环形泰勒虫喀什株裂殖体感染的淋巴细胞系(TaKashi),接种5.0×10~5 mL~(-1)的细胞,经72 h培养周期,细胞浓度可达到(2.8～3.0)×10~6mL~(-1),细胞存活率维持在90%以上;细胞群体倍增时间为33.4 h。细胞周期分析显示,G1期占46.2%,G2期占10.4%,S1期占43.4%,TaKashi传50代后仍然保持着淋巴细胞的形态学特征。18S rRNA基因序列比对及抗原基因Tams1同源性分析显示,该虫株与我国不同省份流行的环形泰勒虫虫株的相似性在91.9%以上,并处于同一个分支。     

桔梗皂苷D对小鼠脾淋巴细胞免疫调节活性的研究

分析了桔梗皂苷D对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖、细胞因子IL-2和IL-4分泌、细胞膜表面标志和细胞周期的影响,进而探讨了桔梗皂苷D对小鼠脾淋巴细胞的免疫调节活性。小鼠脾淋巴细胞经桔梗皂苷D刺激后,M TT法检测桔梗皂苷D对脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响;ELISA法检测桔梗皂苷D对脾淋巴细胞分泌细胞因子IL-2和IL-4的影响;流式细胞术检测桔梗皂苷D对脾淋巴细胞膜表面标志和细胞周期的影响。结果表明,桔梗皂苷D能够提高脾淋巴细胞刺激指数,诱导脾淋巴细胞IL-2和IL-4的分泌,提高脾淋巴细胞CD4+/CD8+的比值、促进脾淋巴细胞从G 0/G1期进入S期。证实在一定质量浓度范围内,桔梗皂苷D可促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖、诱导细胞因子分泌、提高CD4+/CD8+亚群比值、促进细胞进入DN A合成期,具有良好的免疫调节活性。     

JA1对体外培养的Hep细胞和小鼠皮下移植性Hep细胞凋亡的影响

采用噻唑蓝(MTT)还原法、流式细胞术、光镜及透射电子显微镜技术等检测了梯度浓度的JA1(沙冬青提取物)对体外培养的小鼠肝癌细胞株Hep增殖的影响及诱导Hep细胞凋亡的作用;并检测了JA1对小鼠皮下移植性Hep细胞的生长抑制及诱导凋亡作用.结果显示,JA1可显著抑制小鼠Hep细胞的增殖,且这种抑制有浓度和时间依赖性.流式细胞仪分析显示,JA1处理后的Hep检测样本中有明显的DNA低含量颗粒("亚G1期"峰),细胞周期各时相分布发生了改变,细胞在G1期被阻滞.同时,JA1对小鼠皮下移植性Hep细胞也有明显的抑制作用.JA1灌胃试验组瘤组织细胞DNA直方图有明显的凋亡峰,细胞在G1期也被阻滞,光镜和电镜下可见大量凋亡肿瘤细胞.     

猴头菇多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞体外增殖及细胞周期的影响

为探索猴头菇多糖(HEP)对小鼠脾淋巴细胞体外增殖及细胞周期的影响,采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法检测HEP单独或协同ConA、LPS对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响;用流式细胞仪检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞周期的变化。结果显示,HEP的质量浓度在6.25~100μg/mL范围内能显著促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖,且48h效果最佳;HEP与ConA或LPS共同作用小鼠脾淋巴细胞时,小鼠脾淋巴细胞的D570nm值高于ConA和LPS单独作用的,表现出明显的协同效应。流式细胞仪检测结果表明,HEP通过促进脾淋巴细胞从G0/G1期进入S期,从而促进脾淋巴细胞增殖。结果表明,HEP可单独或协同ConA、LPS促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖及DNA的合成。     

玉米赤霉烯酮对小鼠免疫器官的毒性作用

采用腹腔注射给药方式研究了玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEA)对小鼠免疫器官的毒性作用。结果表明,连续6d注射25mg/kgZEA后,试验小鼠的胸腺指数与对照组相比显著降低(P0.05),胸腺明显萎缩,胸腺细胞出现典型的凋亡峰,脾指数降低但与对照组差异不显著(P0.05),脾淋巴细胞未见典型的凋亡峰;单次注射50mg/kgZEA48h后,胸腺细胞和脾淋巴细胞均发生细胞周期阻滞,均显著阻滞于细胞周期的G2/M期;连续3d注射50mg/kgZEA后,小鼠胸腺和脾出现病理性变化,表现为胸腺皮质减少,髓质增多,脾白髓萎缩,局灶性坏死等。证明ZEA对小鼠胸腺和脾有明显的毒害作用。     

REV感染对SPF雏鸡胸腺细胞增殖和细胞周期及周期素D1的影响

为了探索禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒(REV)感染SPF雏鸡后,对其胸腺细胞增殖、细胞周期分布以及Cyclin D1的影响,将66只1日龄SPF雏鸡随机分为REV感染组和对照组,使用Cell counting Kit-8、流式细胞术、Western-blot、荧光定量PCR等方法对雏鸡胸腺细胞增殖、细胞周期及Cyclin D1 mRNA和蛋白的动态变化进行检测。结果发现,REV感染SPF雏鸡后,其胸腺细胞的增殖能力于第14、21、28天明显低于对照雏鸡;G0/G1期细胞数于第14天较对照雏鸡明显(P0.05)升高,S、G2/M期细胞数量减少,第28天时相反;Cyclin D1 mRNA表达于第14天极显著(P0.01)低于对照雏鸡,第35天时极显著高于(P0.01)对照雏鸡;Cyclin D1蛋白量显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)低于对照雏鸡。结果表明,感染REV后,雏鸡免疫机能下降可能与胸腺细胞增殖能力下降、细胞周期素D1 mRNA转录及蛋白质水平的异常表达相关。     

八珍汤对乳牛产后免疫状态的影响

为了探索提高乳牛产后期免疫状态的新方法,对试验乳牛分4组(产前第30 d至产前第1 d灌喂组、产前第15 d至产后第15 d灌喂组、产后第1 d至第30 d灌喂组、不灌喂中药对照组)灌喂中药八珍汤,检测产后期淋巴细胞及其亚群数量和淋巴细胞增殖活化功能。结果发现,产前组CD3细胞数量在产后第1 d升高;产前产后组CD3、CD4和CD8细胞数量在产后第1 d和第15 d升高;产后组CD3细胞数量在产后第15 d和第30 d升高,CD4细胞数量也在产后第30 d升高。淋巴细胞对ConA的反应能力,产前产后组在产后第1~30 d明显提高,产后组在产后第15 d和第30 d明显提高。各组乳牛产后期CD21细胞数量的变化相近。结果表明,从产前第15 d开始到产后第15 d每日喂八珍汤,能明显提高乳牛产后期T细胞及其亚群数量和增加淋巴细胞增殖活化功能,而对B细胞数量增加的作用不明显。     

太子参茎叶多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞因子含量及对细胞因子和转录因子mRNA表达量的影响

为研究太子参茎叶多糖(Radix pseudostellariae stem and leaf polysaccharides,RPSLP)对小鼠脾淋巴细胞因子含量及对细胞因子和转录因子mRNA表达量的影响。将RPSLP添加到体外分离培养的淋巴细胞中,用ELISA法检测细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α含量;RT-PC R法检测上述细胞因子以及转录因子T-bet、G ATA-3的mRNA表达量。检测结果表明,添加RPSLP后在3.125~50 g/m L浓度范围内可显著促进细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α的分泌及其mRNA的表达(P0.05),并能调控T-bet、GATA-3的mRNA表达,使T-bet/GATA-3比率处于动态平衡。上述结果说明,RPSLP可以通过调控细胞因子mRNA表达来改变分泌量,对小鼠脾淋巴细胞起免疫调节作用。     

转染βG基因 HHCC细胞的裸鼠转移模型的复制

将人肝癌细胞株(HHCC)细胞和转染β-葡萄糖苷酸酶(βG)基因HHCC细胞体外培养,观察细胞形态结构,用流式细胞仪测定细胞周期,并采用裸鼠脾种植法研究转βG基因HHCC细胞的转移特性;接种后60 d收集转移灶,常规制片,HE染色镜检.结果,转染βG基因HHCC细胞内多见颗粒性物质,微绒毛及突起增多,溶酶体增多,内质网及核糖体丰富,糖元颗粒堆积,某些细胞出现变性、坏死.转染βG基因HHCC和HHCC相比较,其细胞周期发生明显改变,S期细胞增多(P＜0.05),G2期细胞减少(P＜0.05);裸鼠脾种植后60 d,发现试验组出现广泛转移,在肝、肾、肠系膜淋巴结肉眼可见转移灶,而对照组仅在肝细胞中有个别散在的瘤细胞.试验结果表明,转染βG基因可增强HHCC细胞在裸鼠体内的转移能力.     

乳牛产后期生理性免疫状态的研究

为了研究乳牛在产后期的生理性免疫状态,检测了产后期乳牛淋巴细胞及其亚群数量和淋巴细胞增殖活化功能及其变化。结果发现,乳牛淋巴细胞及其亚群数量和淋巴细胞增殖活化功能在分娩后第1 d最低,然后表现出缓慢上升的总体趋势。CD3细胞数在产后第15 d低于产后第1 d,到产后第30 d时达到最高值;CD4细胞数一直多于CD8细胞数;CD21细胞数在产后第15 d时达到最高值,以后缓慢下降;淋巴细胞的增殖活化能力在产后第30 d最高,未观察到淋巴细胞有明显的凋亡和增生现象。结果表明,乳牛免疫状态在产后第1 d最低,以后逐渐升高,第15 d时细胞免疫最低而体液免疫最高,第30 d时细胞免疫最强。     

China＇s Rise vs. International Order Evolution

A heated debate over the rise of China has been going on unabated in the international community for nearly two decades. However, with the elapse of time, the initial divergence of views in the mainstream opinion has gradually diminished and the gap in China policy among nations has likewise narrowed down. Instead, reason and a realistic approach have eventually taken center stare.     

The U. S. Policy toward DPRK: Opportunities and Constraints

布什政府上台以来,始终未能阻止朝鲜拥核步伐.朝核试后,美对朝政策有了新的调整,六方会谈得以复会.但美朝双方受各自国家利益和政策目标的限制,在朝鲜半岛无核化问题上的尖锐分歧难以解决,朝核危机仍存在再度升级的可能.     

Marxist Philosophy vs. International Relations Research in China

This article argues for the confirmation of Marxist philosophy as the ideology that guides international relations （IR） studies in China. Justification comes through the following points. According to Marxism, correct theoretical guidance serves as the prerequisite for correct practice. Marxist philosophy embodies, by nature, righteousness, in opposition to political hegemony. Accordingly, practice under its guidance represents fruitful revolutionary realism. Finally, advanced studies of international relations in this country cannot be separated from philosophical thinking. Using these arguments as background, this article specifically advocates materialism, patriotism, and service to the people as the corner-stone of China＇s IR theory building.     

Excavating Concealed Tradeoffs: How Russians Watch the News

Citizens in democracies are expected to make better decisions if they understand policy tradeoffs. However, politicians rarely have incentives to communicate them; citizens are uncomfortable choosing among valued outcomes; and devising a common metric is difficult. It is not surprising that in the United States the environment provides relatively little cuing or priming of tradeoffs in television news. Russian citizens, on the other hand, face a media environment in which tradeoff cuing is intentionally suppressed by owners' agendas, yet viewers detect concealed tradeoffs even in the absence of tradeoff priming and viewpoint diversity. Analysis of discourse among ordinary Russians in 16 focus groups convened in four cities, differentiated by political reform and media market environments, showed that when watching news in which tradeoffs are thoroughly concealed, viewers challenge stories by offering a broad spectrum of uncued tradeoffs. Tradeoffs come from diverse policy domains and represent a range of cognitive strategies, some of which are considerably more abstract than others and link elements of their observations and assumptions (together with what they can extract from the stories) into complex reasoning outcomes.     

The U.S. Global Strategy as Seen from the Debate in the Primary Election

There may be more than one year to go before the 2008 U.S. presidential election, but the primary election of the two parties has already begun ahead of time. Both the Democratic and Republican candidates for the     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

Constitution of the Chinese Associa tion for Interna tiona l Understa nding(Approved by the Plenary Session of the Eleventh Executive Council on April 2, 2014)

正Chapter I General Rules Article 1 The Chinese Association for International Understanding is a national non-governmental organization(NGO)in the People’s Republic of China.Article 2 The official name of the Association is"Zhong Guo Guo Ji Jiao Liu Xie Hui"in Chinese,or"Jiao Liu Xie Hui"for short.Its English translation is"Chinese Association for International Understanding",and abbreviated as"CAFIU".     

Guide to Authors

正Published by China Institute of International Studies,China International Studies is China’s first English-language journal on diplomacy and international politics for formal circulation.The magazine mainly publishes the latest research achievements of Chinese scholars and specialists on China’s diplomacy,international politics and international relations under such columns as China’s Diplomacy,International Relations,International Politics,International Security,Regional Issues and World Economy.     

My Journey to Artistic Peak

正I was born in a doctor’s family in a village in Heze,Shandong Province.Since the ancient times,Heze has been home to many painters and literature masters due to the influence of Confucianism.My grandfather and greatgrandfather were both good at calligraphy,not least to mention their medical skills.Even by now,senior people in our village still praise them for it.Both of them had deceased before I was born.     

Sidelights on Australian and New Zealand's Rotary Club Delegation's Visit to China

正At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),a 6-member Australian and New Zealand’s Rotary Club delegation visited China from September 23 to September 27.As a staff member of CAFIU,I had the honor to take part in the reception of the delegation throughout this trip.