丝绸之路经济带在中亚的推进:成就与前景

中亚地处欧亚大陆的中心地带,紧邻中国西北地区,是丝绸之路经济带陆上要冲,也是丝绸之路经济带的核心利益区。自中国在中亚地区首次提出共建丝绸之路经济带倡议以来,在中国与中亚国家共同努力下,丝绸之路经济带建设在"五通"领域收获了一些早期成果,同时也面临着中亚国家政局变数较多、贸易投资环境不佳、安全形势严峻以及大国竞争等一系列挑战。因此,在肯定成绩、正视问题的基础上,中国应秉持奋发有为、积极塑造的方针,遵循多方合意的多元化路径逐步推进中亚地区丝绸之路经济带建设。     

浅析21世纪中亚地区的安全格局

本文对21世纪中亚地区地缘政治形势和国际安全格局的变化做出了基本的判断,对可能影响中亚地区格局走向的各种因素进行了分析,并预测了新世纪中亚安全形势的前景.中亚地区的稳定是比较脆弱的,容易受到不利环境和外部因素的影响和冲击.因此,积极、有效的国际合作是避免冲突的重要方式之一.中国必须重视与中亚国家在安全和经济领域内的合作,参与该地区的国际竞争,明确本国在中亚的战略.     

浅析美国对中亚政治体制评价的历史演变

苏联解体以来,随着国际形势的变化,美国不断调整在中亚地区的国家利益,并形成了4个不同历史时期的中亚政策:支持中亚国家独立时期(1991～1996)、全面介入中亚事务的阶段(1997～2000)、九一一事件后中亚成为美国新全球战略支点的时期(2001～2005)和推进"颜色革命"及其失败后的阶段(2005～).在这4个历史阶段,虽然推进中亚国家实现政治民主化始终是美国对中亚的政策目标之一,但由于美国对中亚的政策内容在不同历史阶段变化较大,所以该目标在美国对中亚政策的重点排序上也有明显变化.伴随着这一变化,美国对中亚的政治体制评价也出现了阶段性的历史演变.     

中国中亚外交的理论和实践

和平发展与和谐世界理论是中国中亚外交的基础.中亚地区形势复杂,各种矛盾和利益交织一起.中国充分认识到中亚地区的特点,提出要把这一地区建设成"持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐地区.由于中国在中亚地区有较大的影响力,与所有中亚国家都保持着良好的关系,而且有上海合作组织的平台,中国推动中亚和谐地区建设的构想,基本具备了实现的条件.     

中亚五国民族关系问题

本文主要论述了中亚国家独立后复杂的民族结构和民族矛盾,即突出主体民族地位,与其他民族特别是俄罗斯人的矛盾,历史上遗传下来的跨界民族使中亚地区民族关系复杂化;中亚国家对民族政策的调整和变化,即奉行民族复兴政策,以巩固新独立国家的主权和统一;否定民族自决权,倡导文化多元化;强化"人权和公民权",淡化民族观念;反对极端民族主义,建立和谐民族关系;采取措施缓和与俄罗斯人的矛盾;恪守历史形成的边界,维护中亚国家稳定与民族关系和谐.文章还论述了中亚与中国西北地区的跨界民族问题.     

阿富汗安全局势的走向及其对中亚的影响

美国启动从阿富汗撤军的进程,不仅对阿富汗安全局势将带来重要的影响,也将影响到相关国家特别是中亚国家。阿富汗的安全、稳定与重建直接关系到它所在地区以及相邻地区的安全、稳定与发展。因此,必须准确判断阿富汗自身安全形势的变化,把握阿富汗局势走向对相邻的中亚国家以及对中国的作用。     

中亚地区合作机制的竞争态势与挑战

近年来,中亚地区合作机制呈现“竞争化”趋势,这不仅是大国主动塑造的竞争性多边主义,也是中亚各国主观上默许的地区合作模式。通过大国之间的国际制度竞争,中亚国家能够赢得更多自主性,也能够更好地实施其多向平衡外交政策。这种制度竞争趋势表现为:美俄均致力于提升“C5+1”制度化合作的水平以维持地区均势;欧盟多措并举强化与中亚国家的合作机制以赢得更多机遇;地区强国积极发展与中亚的合作机制以谋求更多利益;中国扩大与中亚国家的合作范围以打造全方位合作体系。中亚地区合作机制的竞争主要受到地区安全环境变化、大国关系变化、中亚国家外交政策变化三方面因素的影响。未来一段时间,大国将加大对地区资源的竞争以获取投资收益,也将重视发挥自身的比较优势以塑造地区治理规则。中亚国家将持续提升外交自主性,以便赢得更多发展机遇。     

大国对中亚能源政策的演变及其发展趋势

自中亚国家独立以来，大国对中亚的能源政策经历了不断调整与演变。与此相应，中亚国家为保障本国的利益和安全，也在不断修改本国的能源发展战略，建立和完善与本国经济发展战略相适应的能源合作方面的法律法规和政策措施。未来中亚地区能源发展趋势仍然是大国之间、大国与中亚国家之间的竞争与合作，并拓展到中亚政治、经济、文化等领域，形成相对均衡的多元化、多模式、互利共赢的局面。     

当前中亚五国安全形势评析

中亚五国安全形势主要面临三方面威胁：俄美地缘政治角逐加剧可能冲击中亚稳定;中亚国家在自然资源和边界上的争端、地区“三股势力”以及民族矛盾等问题可能引发国家间冲突;中亚五国长期总统集权、换届不畅,吉、塔两国面临政治动荡危险。目前,维护中亚局势稳定的因素暂居上风：俄美基于战略考虑,希望维持中亚地区稳定;中亚区域合作致力于缓解地区性矛盾;中亚五国威权主义政体仍有助于维护国内政局稳定。但从长期看,中亚安全隐忧难以消除。     

从规则治理到关系治理——三十年来中亚地区治理模式的变迁

2021年是中亚国家独立三十周年的特殊年份。回顾中亚地区的治理历程可发现,该地区的治理模式大体经历了规则治理为主到关系治理为主的演进。中亚国家独立后的优先任务在于学习并接受国际规范与规则,提升自身的国际生存能力,而国际规则在很大程度上指引着中亚国家间的互动及其对国际事务的参与。这种态势,导致中亚地区治理具有浓郁的规范治理的特征。而“9·11”事件后,尤其是当2003～2005年间“颜色革命”波及后苏联空间时,中亚国家意识到处理好与域外大国的关系极为重要,因其直接影响到各国的政权生存,由此导致各国将实现对各种关系的大致平衡视为国家优先任务,这使中亚地区治理的关系治理特征凸显。中亚地区治理模式的转型,反映了参与中亚地区治理的行为体逐渐增多、地区治理议题日益繁杂、治理主体间关系日益复杂等现实。中亚地区治理模式的转型有多重影响,如中亚国家自主性得到显著提高,地区治理成效好坏参半,各国寻求关系平衡增大了大国主导中亚事务的难度,使中亚地区逐渐形成了后自由主义的地区秩序类型。     

China＇s Rise vs. International Order Evolution

A heated debate over the rise of China has been going on unabated in the international community for nearly two decades. However, with the elapse of time, the initial divergence of views in the mainstream opinion has gradually diminished and the gap in China policy among nations has likewise narrowed down. Instead, reason and a realistic approach have eventually taken center stare.     

The U. S. Policy toward DPRK: Opportunities and Constraints

布什政府上台以来,始终未能阻止朝鲜拥核步伐.朝核试后,美对朝政策有了新的调整,六方会谈得以复会.但美朝双方受各自国家利益和政策目标的限制,在朝鲜半岛无核化问题上的尖锐分歧难以解决,朝核危机仍存在再度升级的可能.     

Marxist Philosophy vs. International Relations Research in China

This article argues for the confirmation of Marxist philosophy as the ideology that guides international relations （IR） studies in China. Justification comes through the following points. According to Marxism, correct theoretical guidance serves as the prerequisite for correct practice. Marxist philosophy embodies, by nature, righteousness, in opposition to political hegemony. Accordingly, practice under its guidance represents fruitful revolutionary realism. Finally, advanced studies of international relations in this country cannot be separated from philosophical thinking. Using these arguments as background, this article specifically advocates materialism, patriotism, and service to the people as the corner-stone of China＇s IR theory building.     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

Excavating Concealed Tradeoffs: How Russians Watch the News

Citizens in democracies are expected to make better decisions if they understand policy tradeoffs. However, politicians rarely have incentives to communicate them; citizens are uncomfortable choosing among valued outcomes; and devising a common metric is difficult. It is not surprising that in the United States the environment provides relatively little cuing or priming of tradeoffs in television news. Russian citizens, on the other hand, face a media environment in which tradeoff cuing is intentionally suppressed by owners' agendas, yet viewers detect concealed tradeoffs even in the absence of tradeoff priming and viewpoint diversity. Analysis of discourse among ordinary Russians in 16 focus groups convened in four cities, differentiated by political reform and media market environments, showed that when watching news in which tradeoffs are thoroughly concealed, viewers challenge stories by offering a broad spectrum of uncued tradeoffs. Tradeoffs come from diverse policy domains and represent a range of cognitive strategies, some of which are considerably more abstract than others and link elements of their observations and assumptions (together with what they can extract from the stories) into complex reasoning outcomes.     

The U.S. Global Strategy as Seen from the Debate in the Primary Election

There may be more than one year to go before the 2008 U.S. presidential election, but the primary election of the two parties has already begun ahead of time. Both the Democratic and Republican candidates for the     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1. Introduction
On the morning of April 1st, 2001, a U.S. EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China＇s Hainan Island. Two Chinese fighter jets intercepted the spy plane and followed its flight, as is considered ordinary international practice. For reasons unknown, the EP-3 airplane made a sudden maneuver and crashed into one of the Chinese planes. The Chinese plane dropped into the sea, the pilot missing. The U.S. spy plane was also severely damaged. It intruded into Chinese territorial space and landed on Hainan Island without official permission from the Chinese side. After landing, the spy plane and 24 crew on board were detained by the Chinese authorities. This air collision episode was the first of its kind in the China-U.S. relations and an urgent diplomatic crisis ensued.     

Constitution of the Chinese Associa tion for Interna tiona l Understa nding(Approved by the Plenary Session of the Eleventh Executive Council on April 2, 2014)

正Chapter I General Rules Article 1 The Chinese Association for International Understanding is a national non-governmental organization(NGO)in the People’s Republic of China.Article 2 The official name of the Association is"Zhong Guo Guo Ji Jiao Liu Xie Hui"in Chinese,or"Jiao Liu Xie Hui"for short.Its English translation is"Chinese Association for International Understanding",and abbreviated as"CAFIU".     

Guide to Authors

正Published by China Institute of International Studies,China International Studies is China’s first English-language journal on diplomacy and international politics for formal circulation.The magazine mainly publishes the latest research achievements of Chinese scholars and specialists on China’s diplomacy,international politics and international relations under such columns as China’s Diplomacy,International Relations,International Politics,International Security,Regional Issues and World Economy.