蕨麻多糖对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖和一氧化氮分泌的影响

为探讨蕨麻多糖(Potentilla anserinepolysaccharide,PAP)免疫调节的作用机理,观察了PAP对小鼠脾淋巴细胞体外增殖和分泌一氧化氮的影响。结果显示,50 mg/L PAP配合ConA或LPS(lipopolysaccharide,脂多糖)能使小鼠脾淋巴细胞在体外显著增殖(P<0.05);100、200及400 mg/L PAP配合ConA或LPS可使小鼠脾淋巴细胞在体外极显著增殖(P<0.01);与对照组相比,PAP以不同浓度(50~400 mg/L)处理小鼠脾淋巴细胞后一氧化氮分泌量均显著升高(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,蕨麻多糖能明显促进体外培养的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖和分泌一氧化氮,与ConA或LPS有协同作用。     

蕨麻多糖对小鼠血清中三种细胞因子水平的影响

通过给小鼠腹腔注射100mg/kg环磷酰胺,建立免疫抑制模型,观察了100、200、400mg/kg剂量蕨麻多糖配合应用后对小鼠血清中细胞因子IL-6、IFN-γ和TNF-α水平的影响。结果表明,蕨麻多糖能明显升高正常小鼠血清中的IL-6水平,呈剂量依赖关系;能升高正常小鼠血清中的IFN-γ水平,而对TNF-α水平无明显影响。环磷酰胺能降低小鼠血清中IL-6、IFN-γ和TNF-α水平,蕨麻多糖能拮抗环磷酰胺的免疫抑制,升高小鼠血清中IL-6、IFN-γ和TNF-α水平,提高机体的免疫功能。     

蕨麻多糖的提取及其清除自由基的作用

采用热水提取、乙醇沉淀、Sevag法获得蕨麻多糖;通过体外化学模拟试验,观察了该多糖清除自由基的活性。结果,蕨麻多糖得率为3.8%;在体外化学模拟系统反应中,该多糖能显著清除羟自由基、超氧阴离子及体外培养的淋巴细胞产生的过氧化氢;蕨麻多糖对体外亚油酸脂质过氧化无明显影响。     

九种中药成分对体外培养小鼠淋巴细胞功能的影响

为进一步探索黄芪多糖等9种中药成分免疫增强活性的作用机理并比较各成分之间免疫增强活性的强弱,在体内试验的基础上,用脾淋巴细胞增殖反应和抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验测定了它们对体外培养的小鼠淋巴细胞功能的影响。结果表明,人参皂甙、蜂胶黄酮、黄芪多糖、淫羊藿黄酮、淫羊藿多糖都能显著地直接或协同ConA刺激脾和外周血淋巴细胞增殖,也能显著增加LPS诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖活性和显著升高体外培养的小鼠脾淋巴细胞产生的IgG水平;当归多糖能协同ConA和LPS的诱导活性,提高小鼠脾淋巴细胞体外培养系统的IgG水平;黄芪皂甙能直接和协同LPS刺激淋巴细胞增殖,板蓝根多糖则仅能促进LPS的诱导活性,蜂胶多糖的作用则均不明显。     

太子参茎叶多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞因子含量及对细胞因子和转录因子mRNA表达量的影响

为研究太子参茎叶多糖(Radix pseudostellariae stem and leaf polysaccharides,RPSLP)对小鼠脾淋巴细胞因子含量及对细胞因子和转录因子mRNA表达量的影响。将RPSLP添加到体外分离培养的淋巴细胞中,用ELISA法检测细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α含量;RT-PC R法检测上述细胞因子以及转录因子T-bet、G ATA-3的mRNA表达量。检测结果表明,添加RPSLP后在3.125~50 g/m L浓度范围内可显著促进细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α的分泌及其mRNA的表达(P0.05),并能调控T-bet、GATA-3的mRNA表达,使T-bet/GATA-3比率处于动态平衡。上述结果说明,RPSLP可以通过调控细胞因子mRNA表达来改变分泌量,对小鼠脾淋巴细胞起免疫调节作用。     

真核共表达载体pCI-IFN-α-ORF2-VP2中IFN-α对其免疫原性的影响

采用PCR技术克隆分析了太湖猪IFN-α基因(PoIFN-α)CDS区全序列,将去信号肽的PoIFN-α基因片段插入重组质粒pCI-ORF2-VP2(已构建)构建了真核共表达质粒pCI-IFN-α-ORF2-VP2,并肌肉注射免疫小鼠,检测了不同时期小鼠的PPV和PCV2抗体水平、脾淋巴细胞增殖功能和外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化情况。结果,扩增出891bp大小包括PoIFN-α全基因的特异条带;小鼠免疫试验显示,pCI-IFN-α-ORF2-VP2质粒免疫组第7天后脾淋巴细胞对ConA开始有明显反应,同时可检测到抗PPV和PCV2的抗体,第14天后脾淋巴细胞增殖反应和抗体水平均高于pCI-ORF2-VP2免疫组,CD4+T细胞值和CD8+T细胞值第7天开始高于pCI-ORF2-VP2和pCI-neo空载体试验组。提示,真核共表达载体pCI-IFN-α-ORF2-VP2中PoIFN-α基因对其诱导机体产生的细胞免疫和体液免疫有一定的增强作用。     

猴头菇多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞体外增殖及细胞周期的影响

为探索猴头菇多糖(HEP)对小鼠脾淋巴细胞体外增殖及细胞周期的影响,采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法检测HEP单独或协同ConA、LPS对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响;用流式细胞仪检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞周期的变化。结果显示,HEP的质量浓度在6.25~100μg/mL范围内能显著促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖,且48h效果最佳;HEP与ConA或LPS共同作用小鼠脾淋巴细胞时,小鼠脾淋巴细胞的D570nm值高于ConA和LPS单独作用的,表现出明显的协同效应。流式细胞仪检测结果表明,HEP通过促进脾淋巴细胞从G0/G1期进入S期,从而促进脾淋巴细胞增殖。结果表明,HEP可单独或协同ConA、LPS促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖及DNA的合成。     

刚地弓形虫组蛋白H2Bb及H2Bv的免疫保护作用

为了探究刚地弓形虫组蛋白H2Bb及H2Bv的体外表达及其对小鼠的免疫保护作用,以刚地弓形虫RH株的cDNA作为模板,利用原核表达技术表达弓形虫组蛋白H2Bb及H2Bv。表达后的上述重组蛋白纯化后免疫小鼠,采集免疫后小鼠的血清,测定血清中的总一氧化氮(NO)、抗体及免疫相关细胞因子,分离小鼠脾,测定小鼠脾淋巴细胞的吞噬功能,最后小鼠腹腔接种弓形虫并绘制小鼠的生存曲线。结果显示,成功表达了弓形虫重组蛋白H2Bb(rTgH2Bb)及重组蛋白H2Bv(rTgH2Bv)。Western-blot结果表明重组蛋白具有良好的免疫原性。重组蛋白rTgH2Bb及rTgH2Bv免疫组小鼠血清中Ig G1的水平在一免和二免后均与对照组差异显著(P0.05),rTgH2Bb及rTgH2Bv免疫组小鼠血清细胞因子γ干扰素的水平在一免及二免后均有显著提高(P0.05)。rTgH2Bb和rTgH2Bv免疫组小鼠血清中NO含量在2次免疫后均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。二免后重组蛋白rTgH2Bb免疫组和rTgH2Bv免疫组小鼠脾淋巴细胞的吞噬能力均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。攻虫感染后,rTgH2Bb和rTgH2Bv免疫组小鼠的生存时间较对照组相比有所延长。结论:重组蛋白rTgH2Bb和rTgH2Bv有一定的抗弓形虫急性感染的作用,具有作为弓形虫疫苗候选抗原的潜在价值。     

野生鸡枞菌多糖的提取及其免疫活性分析

采用水提醇沉法获得鸡枞菌多糖,并对其总糖含量进行了测定;研究了不同剂量的鸡枞菌多糖对正常小鼠的免疫器官指数、血清溶血素水平、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能及脾淋巴细胞增殖等免疫指标的影响。结果:鸡枞菌多糖得率为6.27%,总糖含量为94%;根据体重腹腔注射20mg/kg的鸡枞菌多糖可明显提高正常小鼠的溶血素水平(P<0.01)、脾指数(P<0.01)、胸腺指数(P<0.05)和巨噬细胞吞噬功能(P<0.01);体外试验中,与空白对照组相比,25μg/mL的鸡枞菌多糖可促进体外脾淋巴细胞增殖(P<0.05),12.5μg/mL鸡枞菌多糖对ConA或LPS引起的脾淋巴细胞增殖均有显著的协同作用(P<0.01)。结果表明,鸡枞菌多糖能显著增强小鼠的体液免疫和细胞免疫功能,有望成为一种新的天然免疫增强剂。     

碎米蕨叶马先蒿对小鼠肝肾和血液指标的影响

为探讨碎米蕨叶马先蒿对动物机体的损害程度,以评价其安全性,本试验将采自新疆巴音布鲁克草原的碎米蕨叶马先蒿粉碎,自制含15%和30%的碎米蕨叶马先蒿草粉鼠粮,饲喂小鼠三个月以上,随机抽取小鼠血液进行生化指标天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆固醇(TC)、尿素(BUN)、肌酐CRE的测定和血常规红细胞(RBC)、白细胞(WBC)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)、血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞压积(HCT)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、淋巴细胞绝对值(LYMPH#)、淋巴细胞(LYMPH)百分数、中性粒细胞(NEUT)比率和单核细胞(MONO)比率的测定。生化指标结果显示,高剂量组碎米蕨叶马先蒿对小鼠肝脏可能造成轻微损害,对小鼠肾脏可能造成损害;血液学检测结果显示,在试验第28天时WBC、LYMPH百分数、LYMPH#高剂量组极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),NEUT比率和MONO比率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。在血液学检测整个试验期间,各测定指标都在不断波动,试验后期均趋于动态平衡。上述结果表明,30%碎米蕨叶马先蒿草粉鼠粮对小鼠肝脏可造成轻微损伤、对肾脏造成损伤,但不影响造血系统。     

China＇s Rise vs. International Order Evolution

A heated debate over the rise of China has been going on unabated in the international community for nearly two decades. However, with the elapse of time, the initial divergence of views in the mainstream opinion has gradually diminished and the gap in China policy among nations has likewise narrowed down. Instead, reason and a realistic approach have eventually taken center stare.     

The U. S. Policy toward DPRK: Opportunities and Constraints

布什政府上台以来,始终未能阻止朝鲜拥核步伐.朝核试后,美对朝政策有了新的调整,六方会谈得以复会.但美朝双方受各自国家利益和政策目标的限制,在朝鲜半岛无核化问题上的尖锐分歧难以解决,朝核危机仍存在再度升级的可能.     

Marxist Philosophy vs. International Relations Research in China

This article argues for the confirmation of Marxist philosophy as the ideology that guides international relations （IR） studies in China. Justification comes through the following points. According to Marxism, correct theoretical guidance serves as the prerequisite for correct practice. Marxist philosophy embodies, by nature, righteousness, in opposition to political hegemony. Accordingly, practice under its guidance represents fruitful revolutionary realism. Finally, advanced studies of international relations in this country cannot be separated from philosophical thinking. Using these arguments as background, this article specifically advocates materialism, patriotism, and service to the people as the corner-stone of China＇s IR theory building.     

Excavating Concealed Tradeoffs: How Russians Watch the News

Citizens in democracies are expected to make better decisions if they understand policy tradeoffs. However, politicians rarely have incentives to communicate them; citizens are uncomfortable choosing among valued outcomes; and devising a common metric is difficult. It is not surprising that in the United States the environment provides relatively little cuing or priming of tradeoffs in television news. Russian citizens, on the other hand, face a media environment in which tradeoff cuing is intentionally suppressed by owners' agendas, yet viewers detect concealed tradeoffs even in the absence of tradeoff priming and viewpoint diversity. Analysis of discourse among ordinary Russians in 16 focus groups convened in four cities, differentiated by political reform and media market environments, showed that when watching news in which tradeoffs are thoroughly concealed, viewers challenge stories by offering a broad spectrum of uncued tradeoffs. Tradeoffs come from diverse policy domains and represent a range of cognitive strategies, some of which are considerably more abstract than others and link elements of their observations and assumptions (together with what they can extract from the stories) into complex reasoning outcomes.     

The U.S. Global Strategy as Seen from the Debate in the Primary Election

There may be more than one year to go before the 2008 U.S. presidential election, but the primary election of the two parties has already begun ahead of time. Both the Democratic and Republican candidates for the     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

Constitution of the Chinese Associa tion for Interna tiona l Understa nding(Approved by the Plenary Session of the Eleventh Executive Council on April 2, 2014)

正Chapter I General Rules Article 1 The Chinese Association for International Understanding is a national non-governmental organization(NGO)in the People’s Republic of China.Article 2 The official name of the Association is"Zhong Guo Guo Ji Jiao Liu Xie Hui"in Chinese,or"Jiao Liu Xie Hui"for short.Its English translation is"Chinese Association for International Understanding",and abbreviated as"CAFIU".     

Guide to Authors

正Published by China Institute of International Studies,China International Studies is China’s first English-language journal on diplomacy and international politics for formal circulation.The magazine mainly publishes the latest research achievements of Chinese scholars and specialists on China’s diplomacy,international politics and international relations under such columns as China’s Diplomacy,International Relations,International Politics,International Security,Regional Issues and World Economy.     

My Journey to Artistic Peak

正I was born in a doctor’s family in a village in Heze,Shandong Province.Since the ancient times,Heze has been home to many painters and literature masters due to the influence of Confucianism.My grandfather and greatgrandfather were both good at calligraphy,not least to mention their medical skills.Even by now,senior people in our village still praise them for it.Both of them had deceased before I was born.     

Sidelights on Australian and New Zealand's Rotary Club Delegation's Visit to China

正At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),a 6-member Australian and New Zealand’s Rotary Club delegation visited China from September 23 to September 27.As a staff member of CAFIU,I had the honor to take part in the reception of the delegation throughout this trip.