A Prospective Study of Individual Factors in the Development of Weight and Muscle Concerns Among Preadolescent Children

The present study was designed to assess body mass index (BMI), self-esteem, parent and peer relations, negative affect, and perfectionism, as predictors of dieting, food preoccupation, and muscle preoccupation, in 326 preadolescent children (150 girls and 176 boys) aged between 8 and 10 years. Preadolescents were tested twice over a 10-month period. BMI was found to be the main predictor of girls' and boys' dieting, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Perfectionism was an important predictor of boys' dieting and muscle preoccupation, while self-esteem, peer relations and negative affect predicted girls' muscle preoccupation. The findings are discussed in relation to past research with both preadolescents and adolescents. Marissa Saling is a registered clinical psychologist. She received her Doctor in Psychology (Clinical) in 2003 from Deakin University, Melbourne Australia. Her major research interests include eating disorders and chronic fatigue syndrome. Lina Ricciardelli is a Senior Lecturer at Deakin University. She received her PhD in 1990 from the University of Adelaide, Australia. Her major research interests include disordered eating, body image concerns and substance abuse among youth. Marita McCabe is a Professor at Deakin University. She received her PhD in 1981 from Macquarie University, Australia. Her major research interests include disordered eating, body image concerns, sexuality and chronic illness across the lifespan.     

A Prospective Study of Extreme Weight Change Behaviors Among Adolescent Boys and Girls

This study examined changes in extreme weight change attitudes and behaviors (exercise dependence, food supplements, drive for thinness, bulimia) among adolescent boys and girls over a 16 month period. It also investigated the impact of body mass index, puberty, body image, depression and positive affect on these attitudes and behaviors 16 months later. The participants were 847 young adolescents (411 boys, 436 girls). Participants completed questionnaires evaluating the above variables on three occasions, eight months apart. Girls obtained higher scores on exercise dependence, drive for thinness and bulimia. Changes in depression and body image importance were the strongest predictors of changes in these extreme attitudes and behaviors among boys; changes in depression, body dissatisfaction and body image importance were the strongest predictors for girls. The need for gender specific educational and intervention programs for adolescents are discussed.Marita McCabe PhD, Professor in Psychology in the School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia. She has completed her PhD in 1981 on adolescent development, and has been completing research on various aspects of adolescent adjustment for 30 years. To whom correspondence should be addressed at 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia;Senior Lecturer in the School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne Australia. She completed her PhD in 1990 on Childrens Language Development. In the last 10 years she has been researching body image concerns in adolescents and children     

Disseminating Public Data as Public Use Files: What Makes a Successful Initiative?

The current policy emphasis on data-driven decision-making is creating the right incentives for government agencies around the world that have not traditionally disseminated their administrative data to do so. The literature on statistical disclosure control focuses on the technical aspects of a variety of methods designed to protect data confidentiality. There is, however, a void in the literature in regard to what other elements are necessary to create and sustain a successful initiative. This paper examines six case studies of individual-level datasets. It reviews current practice in several domains and summarizes recommendations from expert practitioners including challenges for future initiatives.     

Customization in Civil Service Training: Implications for Outsourcing Human Resources Management

In the public sector, central training institutes once played an irreplaceable role in formulating training policies and providing training programs to government employees. The introduction of new public management (NPM) has stimulated a reform agenda in human resources (HR) management, resulting in a shift from centralized training to decentralized or outsourced training; to be precise, making civil service training more demand-driven and lessening the role of central training institutes. Local-level governments and agencies have acquired more autonomy in deciding whether to provide training in-house, or to purchase relevant services from private providers. In addition, dramatic institutional, economic, and operational changes in the public sector in the twenty-first century have brought about competition among governments worldwide in terms of innovative and creative ideas, prompting them to equip their employees with the relevant skills for the governments to remain competitive. This study explores how civil service training in Hong Kong has been decentralized and customized from the viewpoint of civil servants being trainees, and assesses the role of the Civil Service Training and Development Institute as a centralized training institute for Hong Kong civil servants within the modern, decentralized, and consumerized HR management regime.     

马克思主义中国化缘起的逻辑理路与历史经验——学习贯彻党的十九届六中全会精神

马克思主义中国化是将马克思主义基本原理与中国具体实际相结合,不断形成具有中国特色的马克思主义理论成果的过程.马克思主义本身所具有的理论完备性与实践创新性、科学真理性与革命阶级性、世界普遍性与民族特殊性等内在发展特质构成了马克思主义中国化缘起的理论逻辑.近代中国的救亡图存之路、各种思潮的争论与抉择、马克思主义在中国的传播...     

Psychological Boundaries and Ethnic Conflict: How Identity Constrained Choice and Worked to Turn Ordinary People into Perpetrators of Ethnic Violence During the Lebanese Civil War

Why do ordinary people commit ethnic atrocities? To understand the psychology of ethnic violence we constructed a pilot project based on narrative interviews with five ordinary people who participated in acts of ethnic violence during the Lebanese Civil War. The interviews present striking evidence that identity constrains choice for all individuals, regardless of their particular ideological or socioeconomic demographic background. Our findings challenge both the rationalist approaches of realistic conflict theory and rational choice and the institutional claims of consociational democracy and suggest the tremendous power of identity and perceptions of self in relation to others to constrain political actions.     

农业水价综合改革政策绩效偏差从何而来? ——基于甘肃10个试点县(区)的实证研究

【问题】农业水价综合改革是推进节约增效型农业、保障国家水安全的关键改革。但地方政策实践中面临农户节水意识与用水方式尚未完全改善、政府部门水价形成机制和节水激励机制尚未良性运行、农业节水的经济和社会效应尚未充分彰显等系列问题,政策实际绩效与目标绩效间产生偏差。政策绩效偏差何以形成?关键影响因素及其内在关联是什么?如何矫正绩效偏差并增进政策绩效?【方法】以甘肃省10个试点县(区)农业水价综合改革为研究样本,对实地调研和深入访谈所获取的数据资料进行质性编码,建构我国农业水价综合改革政策绩效偏差的归因模型。【发现】农业水价综合改革政策绩效偏差的形成是涉及“利益相关者—政策执行—政策情境”交叠驱动的复杂过程,表现在:1.在主体层面,利益相关者政策认知、偏好和协同行动是决定政策绩效的关键因素;2.在行动层面,任务分解层层加码、政策落实困难是构成导致政策绩效偏差的核心变量;3.在场域层面,政策资源和改革需求等情境要素进一步催化了政策绩效偏差的形成。【贡献】相对于源自政府绩效管理工具性路径下对绩效悖论和绩效损失的关注,本研究的贯穿概念:绩效偏差,则可覆盖公共政策全过程,有更为广阔的研究价值与适用场域。本研究构建了基于农业水价综合改革政策绩效偏差的影响因素及相互间逻辑关联的理论模型,为解释公共政策绩效偏差提供新的视角;并从整合政策利益相关者认知与偏好、加强政策执行效能和优化政策环境三个维度提出农业水价综合改革政策矫正策略,为地方政府提升政策整体绩效提供参考。     

HS-SPME-GC/MS联用法测定生物检材中的百草枯

目的建立检测生物检材中百草枯的顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用（HS-SPME-GC/MS）的分析方法。方法尿样中加乙基百草枯作为内标,在氯化镍作催化剂的条件下,用硼氢化钠在碱性条件下进行还原,HS-SPME萃取,提取物经GC/MS分析。全血需先离心,沉淀血细胞提取上清液,再用甲醇沉淀蛋白。最终得到的上清液加内标乙基百草枯,以下操作同尿样。结果尿样和血样中的百草枯的还原产物在1.0μg/mL~100μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,回归方程分别为y=0.0957x-0.0163,r=0.9974（n=6）;y=0.1096x＋0.0871,r=0.9964（n=6）。尿样、血样低、中、高三个质量浓度,RSD值均小于7%。回收率分别为尿样85.49%~100.83%,血样94.72%~99.68%。结论本法操作简便易行、灵敏度高、快速准确。为检测生物检材中的百草枯提供了有效的方法。