猪脑心肌炎病毒VP1蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

利用纯化的猪脑心肌炎病毒(EMCV)VP1重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,采用杂交瘤细胞技术,获得了2株稳定分泌抗EMCV VP1蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为10B和11D。经ELISA测定,2株杂交瘤细胞培养上清效价分别为1∶1 600和1∶800,接种小鼠的腹水效价分别为1∶2.56×106和1∶1.28×106。2株单抗的亚类均为IgG2a,均能特异性识别重组VP1蛋白,但它们识别VP1蛋白的不同表位。间接免疫荧光和免疫组织化学试验证实,2株单抗具有良好的特异性,均能够识别EMCV。     

蓝舌病病毒单克隆抗体的制备及生物学特性鉴定

以纯化的蓝舌病病毒(BTV)11型VP7免疫BALB/c小鼠,运用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术,借助间接ELISA筛选,获得了3株分泌抗BTV11 VP7的群特异性单克隆抗体(McAb)的杂交瘤细胞株,命名为C12D9、B4 F3、E1 A7.这3株杂交瘤细胞株连续传代3个月再经液氮冻存6个月后复苏培养,仍能稳定分泌特异性McAb.3株McAb均具有ELISA特性和免疫沉淀特性,其中C12D9株上清液的ELISA效价为1256,腹水的ELISA效价为10-6.亚类鉴定,C12D9株为小鼠IgG1,B4F3、E1 A7为IgG2a和IgG2b.琼脂免疫扩散试验和间接ELISA试验表明,这3株均与BTV11型VP7发生特异性反应,为BTV群特异性McAb.     

抗O型口蹄疫病毒VP1蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

以高浓缩的O型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)灭活疫苗为抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与小鼠SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,以重组表达的O型重组VP1蛋白(O-r VP1)为筛选抗原,利用杂交瘤技术获得1株可稳定分泌抗O型FMDV VP1蛋白抗体的杂交瘤细胞株1C7,染色体数高于任一亲本细胞的染色体数目;腹水的抗体效价为1︰105,质量浓度为4.7 mg/m L。1C7单克隆抗体为IgG2b亚型,相对亲和力常数为1.5 mol/L,能够与O型FMDV特异性地结合,且仅与结构蛋白VP1反应。稳定性鉴定结果表明1C7株能稳定分泌抗体。阻断ELISA试验表明1C7单克隆抗体能够被O型FMDV免疫阳性血清特异性地阻断。本研究为进一步建立O型FMDV抗体的阻断ELISA及胶体金免疫层析快速检测方法奠定了基础。     

抗禽脑脊髓炎病毒单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

利用提纯的禽脑脊髓炎病毒(AEV)VR株CEF适应毒制备抗原,免疫BALB/c小鼠,应用杂交瘤技术以间接ELISA筛选获得1株分泌抗AEV(VR)单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞.对制备的细胞上清及腹水进行单克隆抗体特性鉴定,经染色体计数、免疫球蛋白类及亚类测定、特异性试验、稳定性试验、SDS-PAGE电泳,表明该杂交瘤细胞染色体数目介于90-110条,该单克隆抗体亚类为IgG2a,分子质量为142 ku,ELISA测定细胞上清效价为11×104,腹水效价为11×106,与其它病原无交叉反应,抗体分泌稳定.     

犬瘟热病毒H蛋白单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

为制备犬瘟热病毒(CDV)H蛋白单克隆抗体,采用蔗糖密度梯度离心法提纯CDV-Ondetstepoort株,利用RT-PCR方法扩增其H基因截短片段(H1、H2、H3),克隆至pET-28a (+)载体并转化至大肠杆菌Rosetta感受态细胞中进行原核表达,用Ni-NTA亲和层析柱纯化3种截短H蛋白;以纯化病毒为抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,采用间接ELISA、间接免疫荧光法(IFA)和病毒中和试验分析杂交瘤细胞的生物学特性。结果表明,纯化的截短H蛋白表达正确,以此筛选到7株能稳定分泌犬瘟热病毒和重组H2蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株(3B1、3B5、3C5、3D5、5A6、4G12和7B2),抗体亚类鉴定均为Ig G1κ;IFA检测均为阳性,表明7种单克隆抗体特异性好;病毒中和试验测定其培养上清的抗体中和效价为24～28,诱生BALB/c小鼠腹水的抗体中和效价为1×102～1×106;间接ELISA叠加试验显示,3B5、4G12、5A6、7B2之间的叠加系数均在50%以上,表明这4种单克隆抗体识别不同抗原表位;另外,3B5、4G12、5A6、7B2还能中和当前流行的Asia 1型CDV毒株,具有较好的广谱中和活性。本研究为后续CDV感染的免疫治疗和CDV检测方法的建立提供了材料基础。     

克伦特罗单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

将克伦特罗(Clenbuterol)重氮化后与牛血清白蛋白偶联,免疫BALB/c小鼠,用杂交瘤技术获得1株稳定分泌抗克伦特罗单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株.该单克隆抗体为IgG1亚类,用间接ELISA测定细胞上清液抗体效价为11.6×106,腹水抗体效价为13.2×108.抗体与沙丁胺醇无交叉反应.该细胞株体外传代培养和冻存复苏后仍能稳定分泌抗体.     

抗水貂肠炎病毒单克隆抗体的制备及其生物学特性鉴定

将水貂肠炎病毒SMPV-11株纯化后免疫4～6周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,经亚克隆和间接ELISA筛选,获得了8株稳定分泌抗水貂肠炎病毒SMPV-11株单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为D3、H5、F5、F4、A9、B7、H11和H8.经过鉴定:其腹水ELISA效价分别在1:6.4×103和1:2.56×104之间;且与犬瘟热病毒、阿留申病病毒、犬腺病毒不发生交叉反应;而与水貂肠炎病毒、犬细小病毒和猫泛白细胞减少症病毒呈特异性反应;这8株单克隆抗体均为IgG类型.     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒重组N蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

以纯化的猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)重组N蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫小鼠的脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,通过间接ELISA法对融合细胞进行筛选,采用有限稀释法对阳性细胞进行4次亚克隆,获得了3株能稳定分泌N蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,分别命名为JY(4)-1、JY(4)-2、JY(4)-3.分别采用体外培养法、诱导腹水法和实体瘤法制备单克隆抗体,并用间接ELISA法检测其效价,结果显示,这3株杂交瘤细胞的细胞培养上清、小鼠腹水和血清的单抗效价均分别为1:512、1:10~5、1:10~5,其中以诱导腹水法制备的单抗产量和效价最佳.间接免疫荧光试验结果显示,这3株单抗均能与TGEV感染的ST细胞产生特异性免疫荧光,而不与猪细小病毒、猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪轮状病毒等发生交叉反应;经鉴定,3株单抗的亚类均为IgG2a,这3株杂交瘤细胞具有良好的遗传稳定性.     

马流感病毒NP单克隆抗体的制备及特性鉴定

利用原核表达的马流感病毒(EIV)核蛋白(NP)为免疫原,经腹腔接种4周龄BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,经4次有限稀释法克隆和间接ELISA法筛选,获得了3株稳定分泌单抗的杂交瘤细胞株2G11、3E10和4A1,并对它们进行了亚类鉴定、间接ELISA检测和特性鉴定。结果显示,单抗2G11为IgG1亚型,3E10为IgG2a亚型,4A1为IgM亚型,轻链均为κ链。单抗2G11、3E10和4A1的细胞上清液及腹水效价分别为1∶640、1∶640、1∶320和1∶409 600、1∶204 800、0。这3株单抗均能特异性识别EIV NP重组蛋白,并且能够与天然EIV结合;获得的3株单抗与马动脉炎病毒、马疱疹病毒1型、马疱疹病毒4型、马乙型脑炎病毒均不发生交叉反应。亲和力试验结果显示,单抗2G11和3E10与EIV的亲和力常数分别为4.39×106 M-1和2.20×106 M-1。     

孔雀石绿单克隆抗体的制备及其鉴定

用人工合成的无色孔雀石绿-兔血清白蛋白(LMG-RSA)作抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过杂交瘤细胞融合技术筛选抗无色孔雀石绿的单抗,单抗经纯化后对其特异性和灵敏性进行了鉴定,探讨了建立孔雀石绿的免疫学检测方法。结果显示,经细胞融合和筛选得到了1株分泌抗无色孔雀石绿单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞5E9。经鉴定,该杂交瘤细胞的染色体数为98.82±5.6,间接ELISA检测小鼠腹水的抗体效价达1.3×105,该细胞连续培养10代以上,生物学性状稳定,间接竞争ELISA(ciELISA)结果显示,无色孔雀石绿50%抑制的质量浓度为18.5μg/L,除孔雀石绿外,与其他类似结构和相关类型的药物没有交叉反应,表明该单抗用于孔雀石绿的检测有较大的应用价值。     

China＇s Rise vs. International Order Evolution

A heated debate over the rise of China has been going on unabated in the international community for nearly two decades. However, with the elapse of time, the initial divergence of views in the mainstream opinion has gradually diminished and the gap in China policy among nations has likewise narrowed down. Instead, reason and a realistic approach have eventually taken center stare.     

The U. S. Policy toward DPRK: Opportunities and Constraints

布什政府上台以来,始终未能阻止朝鲜拥核步伐.朝核试后,美对朝政策有了新的调整,六方会谈得以复会.但美朝双方受各自国家利益和政策目标的限制,在朝鲜半岛无核化问题上的尖锐分歧难以解决,朝核危机仍存在再度升级的可能.     

Marxist Philosophy vs. International Relations Research in China

This article argues for the confirmation of Marxist philosophy as the ideology that guides international relations （IR） studies in China. Justification comes through the following points. According to Marxism, correct theoretical guidance serves as the prerequisite for correct practice. Marxist philosophy embodies, by nature, righteousness, in opposition to political hegemony. Accordingly, practice under its guidance represents fruitful revolutionary realism. Finally, advanced studies of international relations in this country cannot be separated from philosophical thinking. Using these arguments as background, this article specifically advocates materialism, patriotism, and service to the people as the corner-stone of China＇s IR theory building.     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

Excavating Concealed Tradeoffs: How Russians Watch the News

Citizens in democracies are expected to make better decisions if they understand policy tradeoffs. However, politicians rarely have incentives to communicate them; citizens are uncomfortable choosing among valued outcomes; and devising a common metric is difficult. It is not surprising that in the United States the environment provides relatively little cuing or priming of tradeoffs in television news. Russian citizens, on the other hand, face a media environment in which tradeoff cuing is intentionally suppressed by owners' agendas, yet viewers detect concealed tradeoffs even in the absence of tradeoff priming and viewpoint diversity. Analysis of discourse among ordinary Russians in 16 focus groups convened in four cities, differentiated by political reform and media market environments, showed that when watching news in which tradeoffs are thoroughly concealed, viewers challenge stories by offering a broad spectrum of uncued tradeoffs. Tradeoffs come from diverse policy domains and represent a range of cognitive strategies, some of which are considerably more abstract than others and link elements of their observations and assumptions (together with what they can extract from the stories) into complex reasoning outcomes.     

The U.S. Global Strategy as Seen from the Debate in the Primary Election

There may be more than one year to go before the 2008 U.S. presidential election, but the primary election of the two parties has already begun ahead of time. Both the Democratic and Republican candidates for the     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1. Introduction
On the morning of April 1st, 2001, a U.S. EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China＇s Hainan Island. Two Chinese fighter jets intercepted the spy plane and followed its flight, as is considered ordinary international practice. For reasons unknown, the EP-3 airplane made a sudden maneuver and crashed into one of the Chinese planes. The Chinese plane dropped into the sea, the pilot missing. The U.S. spy plane was also severely damaged. It intruded into Chinese territorial space and landed on Hainan Island without official permission from the Chinese side. After landing, the spy plane and 24 crew on board were detained by the Chinese authorities. This air collision episode was the first of its kind in the China-U.S. relations and an urgent diplomatic crisis ensued.     

Constitution of the Chinese Associa tion for Interna tiona l Understa nding(Approved by the Plenary Session of the Eleventh Executive Council on April 2, 2014)

正Chapter I General Rules Article 1 The Chinese Association for International Understanding is a national non-governmental organization(NGO)in the People’s Republic of China.Article 2 The official name of the Association is"Zhong Guo Guo Ji Jiao Liu Xie Hui"in Chinese,or"Jiao Liu Xie Hui"for short.Its English translation is"Chinese Association for International Understanding",and abbreviated as"CAFIU".     

Guide to Authors

正Published by China Institute of International Studies,China International Studies is China’s first English-language journal on diplomacy and international politics for formal circulation.The magazine mainly publishes the latest research achievements of Chinese scholars and specialists on China’s diplomacy,international politics and international relations under such columns as China’s Diplomacy,International Relations,International Politics,International Security,Regional Issues and World Economy.