胶体金快速诊断方法对鸡减蛋综合征病毒的检测

选择15 nm的胶体金颗粒作为标记物,制备了鸡减蛋综合征病毒(EDSV)胶体金试纸条。该试纸条能检出浓度约为1.35μg/mL的纯化EDSV,用该试纸条检测135份临床样本,并与HA方法相比较,结果显示,二者的阳性符合率为89.8%。特异性试验结果显示,与鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)、鸡传染性腔上囊病病毒(IBDV)、鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)无交叉反应。表明,该试纸条用于检测EDSV具有快速、操作简便、特异性强等优点,可用于大批量抗原样本的检测。     

减蛋综合征病毒套式PCR检测技术的研究

从GeneBank的1段含六邻体蛋白基因、蛋白酶基因、DNA结合蛋白基因的序列中,应用Primer软件设计了2对引物.用这2对引物在分别对反应体系成分和聚合酶链反应(PCR)试验条件进行优化后,成功地建立了减蛋综合征病毒(EDSV)套式PCR检测技术.对鹌鹑源EDSV QAVC-94株、AV-xb西北分离株、AV-127国际标准株扩增结果,第一轮PCR得到约290 bp的特异性片段,第二轮PCR得到约90 bp的片段,与预期的289 bp、89 bp的设计相符合.而传染性腔上囊病病毒(IBDV)疫苗株B87、鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)Ⅳ系疫苗株(LaSota)和正常尿囊液等对照的扩增结果均未显示任何扩增条带,有很好的特异性.所建立的套式PCR检测方法具有特异、灵敏、快速的优点,其灵敏度比常规PCR灵敏100倍,可检测出0.01fg的DNA模板.     

光生物素标记六邻体蛋白基因探针检测减蛋综合征病毒的研究

根据基因文库中减蛋综合征病毒 (EDSV)AV12 7株的序列设计 1对引物 ,从四川本地分离的EDSVSG930 1株中扩增出六邻体蛋白基因并将其克隆到PUC1 8的多克隆位点中 ,经PCR、酶切分析、DNA杂交分析和序列测定证明 ,所扩增、克隆的基因包括了六邻体蛋白基因从起始密码子到终止密码子在内的完整序列。用光生物素对含六邻体蛋白基因的重组质粒标记后 ,采用斑点印迹法对 4株EDSV(标准株AV 12 7株和 3株四川分离株 )、新城疫病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒和鸭瘟病毒的核酸进行检测 ,结果 ,该探针能检测出 4株EDSV ,但不能检出新城疫病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒和鸭瘟病毒。表明该六邻体蛋白基因探针具有特异性 ,检测的灵敏度高达 12pg。     

Ⅰ群禽腺病毒环介导等温扩增检测方法的建立

根据Ⅰ群禽腺病毒Hexon基因保守区序列,设计了一套特异性环介导等温扩增(LAMP)引物,建立了一种适用于Ⅰ群禽腺病毒的LAMP快速检测方法。经检测,该方法的敏感性可达1×101copies/μL;对Ⅰ群禽腺病毒12个血清型的检测结果均为阳性,而对产蛋下降综合征病毒(EDSV)、禽呼肠孤病毒(ARV)、禽传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)和禽传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)的检测结果均为阴性;分别用建立的LAMP方法与常规PCR方法对24份临床疑似样品进行检测,结果检出阳性率分别为58.3%和37.5%。表明建立的LAMP方法简便、快速、灵敏、特异性高,可用于Ⅰ群禽腺病毒感染的快速诊断。     

鸡减蛋综合征病毒广西分离株的鉴定及灭活油佐剂疫苗的研究

通过电镜观察、理化特性、致病性、血凝性及血清型鉴定 ,证实从广西鸡减蛋综合征 (eggdropsyndromes,EDS)抗体阳性鸡群所产软壳蛋蛋清中分离的毒株GEV属鸡减蛋综合征病毒 (EDSV ) ,与EDSV国际标准毒株AV12 7属同一血清型。用GEV株研制的灭活油佐剂疫苗 ,每只鸡肌肉注射 0 .5mL、1.0mL均能产生高效价EDS抗体 ,且持续至少 5个月以上     

Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒逆转录套式PCR检测方法的建立

根据GenBank中登录的Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒(DHV-Ⅰ)A66株的RNA聚合酶基因序列,设计合成了2对引物,建立了适合DHV-Ⅰ快速检测的逆转录套式PCR方法(RT-nested-PCR),采用该方法对DHV-ⅠA66弱毒株和R85952强毒株进行了检测.结果显示,均能扩增到304 bp的条带,而正常鸭胚、健康鸭肝组织、鸭瘟病毒、鹅细小病毒、禽流感病毒(H9亚型)、新城疫病毒、传染性腔上囊病病毒、减蛋综合征病毒、鸭源大肠杆菌、鸭疫里氏杆菌和鸭源多杀性巴氏杆菌的扩增结果均为阴性.该方法第1次扩增的敏感性是100 Pg,第2次扩增的敏感性是1 fg,第2次比第1次扩增的敏感性高106倍.表明,所建立的逆转录套式PCR方法可用于鸭病毒性肝炎(DVH)的临床诊断、病料检测和分子流行病学调查等.     

减蛋综合征病毒五邻体基因的原核表达及其表达蛋白的部分活性分析

通过PCR方法扩增得到减蛋综合征病毒(EDSV)结构蛋白五邻体(Penton)基因,将其克隆到原核表达载体pET-30a(+)的多克隆位点,构建了原核表达载体pET-30a-Penton,将其转化到感受态细胞Rosetta(DE3)pLysS中,经IPTG诱导,SDS-PAGE分析,结果获得了54.0ku的融合蛋白。用纯化的融合蛋白免疫家兔制备抗血清,通过血凝试验、Western-blot、血凝抑制试验、细胞中和试验进行分析,表明该融合蛋白不能引起鸡红细胞凝集,无血凝活性;可与EDSV阳性血清发生特异性反应,能够诱导机体产生中和抗体,具有良好的抗原性。     

鸡减蛋综合征诊断抗原与超免疫血清的研制

将鸡减蛋综合征(EDS)种毒AV-127、AV-HS-1接种鸭胚,孵育120 h后,收取尿囊液测定其血凝(HA)效价,加体积分数0.2%甲醛灭活作为诊断抗原;将病毒对鸡、兔进行3次免疫,当抗体效价达到29以上时分离血清,制备成超免疫血清.试验证明,该EDS诊断抗原和超免疫血清具有特异性强、敏感性高等特点,可用于感染鸡群的疫情调查、免疫鸡群的抗体水平监测、EDS的预防、治疗和对减蛋综合征病毒(EDSV)进行深入研究.     

I群禽腺病毒SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光PCR检测方法的建立

根据GenBank中Ⅰ群禽腺病毒六邻体基因的保守序列设计了1对引物,建立了检测Ⅰ群禽腺病毒12个血清型的SYBR GreenⅠ荧光PCR方法.用Ⅰ群禽腺病毒阳性样品进行了特异性、敏感性和重复性试验.结果显示,该方法可检测到每个反应相当于1×102个拷贝的标准品DNA,与鸡减蛋综合征病毒、禽呼肠孤病毒、传染性腔上囊炎病毒和传染性支气管炎病毒等非Ⅰ群禽腺病毒不发生交叉反应,具有良好的重复性.对保存的3份Ⅰ群禽腺病毒的细胞培养物进行荧光定量PCR检测,结果都为阳性,检测的病毒含量为1×106～1×108拷贝/μL.表明,建立的实时荧光定量PCR具有特异、敏感、快速、定量、重复性好等优点,可用于临床上Ⅰ群禽腺病毒感染的检测.     

禽呼肠孤病毒纳米PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为建立一种快速、敏感的禽呼肠孤病毒(ARV)检测方法,针对ARV S3基因的保守区域设计1对特异性引物,建立了ARV纳米PCR检测方法。结果显示,该方法特异性好,仅从ARV核酸样品可检测到约332 bp的特异性目的条带,而对新城疫病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒、传染性囊病病毒、鸡毒支原体、马立克病病毒、传染性喉气管炎病毒、鸭瘟病毒、禽腺病毒Ⅳ型、减蛋综合征病毒、H9亚型禽流感病毒和鸡大肠杆菌等其他病原的检测结果均为阴性。敏感性试验结果显示,该纳米PCR方法能检测到的最低核酸质量浓度为56 pg/L,其灵敏度是普通PCR的10倍。ARV核酸被重复检测3次,结果均一致。应用建立的纳米PCR和病毒分离鉴定方法对临床送检的30份样品进行检测,两种方法的符合率为100%。以上结果表明,成功建立了ARV的纳米PCR检测方法,具有更高的敏感性和良好的特异性,可用于ARV感染的临床诊断及流行病学调查。     

China＇s Rise vs. International Order Evolution

A heated debate over the rise of China has been going on unabated in the international community for nearly two decades. However, with the elapse of time, the initial divergence of views in the mainstream opinion has gradually diminished and the gap in China policy among nations has likewise narrowed down. Instead, reason and a realistic approach have eventually taken center stare.     

The U. S. Policy toward DPRK: Opportunities and Constraints

布什政府上台以来,始终未能阻止朝鲜拥核步伐.朝核试后,美对朝政策有了新的调整,六方会谈得以复会.但美朝双方受各自国家利益和政策目标的限制,在朝鲜半岛无核化问题上的尖锐分歧难以解决,朝核危机仍存在再度升级的可能.     

Marxist Philosophy vs. International Relations Research in China

This article argues for the confirmation of Marxist philosophy as the ideology that guides international relations （IR） studies in China. Justification comes through the following points. According to Marxism, correct theoretical guidance serves as the prerequisite for correct practice. Marxist philosophy embodies, by nature, righteousness, in opposition to political hegemony. Accordingly, practice under its guidance represents fruitful revolutionary realism. Finally, advanced studies of international relations in this country cannot be separated from philosophical thinking. Using these arguments as background, this article specifically advocates materialism, patriotism, and service to the people as the corner-stone of China＇s IR theory building.     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

Excavating Concealed Tradeoffs: How Russians Watch the News

Citizens in democracies are expected to make better decisions if they understand policy tradeoffs. However, politicians rarely have incentives to communicate them; citizens are uncomfortable choosing among valued outcomes; and devising a common metric is difficult. It is not surprising that in the United States the environment provides relatively little cuing or priming of tradeoffs in television news. Russian citizens, on the other hand, face a media environment in which tradeoff cuing is intentionally suppressed by owners' agendas, yet viewers detect concealed tradeoffs even in the absence of tradeoff priming and viewpoint diversity. Analysis of discourse among ordinary Russians in 16 focus groups convened in four cities, differentiated by political reform and media market environments, showed that when watching news in which tradeoffs are thoroughly concealed, viewers challenge stories by offering a broad spectrum of uncued tradeoffs. Tradeoffs come from diverse policy domains and represent a range of cognitive strategies, some of which are considerably more abstract than others and link elements of their observations and assumptions (together with what they can extract from the stories) into complex reasoning outcomes.     

The U.S. Global Strategy as Seen from the Debate in the Primary Election

There may be more than one year to go before the 2008 U.S. presidential election, but the primary election of the two parties has already begun ahead of time. Both the Democratic and Republican candidates for the     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1. Introduction
On the morning of April 1st, 2001, a U.S. EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China＇s Hainan Island. Two Chinese fighter jets intercepted the spy plane and followed its flight, as is considered ordinary international practice. For reasons unknown, the EP-3 airplane made a sudden maneuver and crashed into one of the Chinese planes. The Chinese plane dropped into the sea, the pilot missing. The U.S. spy plane was also severely damaged. It intruded into Chinese territorial space and landed on Hainan Island without official permission from the Chinese side. After landing, the spy plane and 24 crew on board were detained by the Chinese authorities. This air collision episode was the first of its kind in the China-U.S. relations and an urgent diplomatic crisis ensued.     

Constitution of the Chinese Associa tion for Interna tiona l Understa nding(Approved by the Plenary Session of the Eleventh Executive Council on April 2, 2014)

正Chapter I General Rules Article 1 The Chinese Association for International Understanding is a national non-governmental organization(NGO)in the People’s Republic of China.Article 2 The official name of the Association is"Zhong Guo Guo Ji Jiao Liu Xie Hui"in Chinese,or"Jiao Liu Xie Hui"for short.Its English translation is"Chinese Association for International Understanding",and abbreviated as"CAFIU".     

Guide to Authors

正Published by China Institute of International Studies,China International Studies is China’s first English-language journal on diplomacy and international politics for formal circulation.The magazine mainly publishes the latest research achievements of Chinese scholars and specialists on China’s diplomacy,international politics and international relations under such columns as China’s Diplomacy,International Relations,International Politics,International Security,Regional Issues and World Economy.