D20S161和D8S384两个基因座在法医学中的应用

评估D2 0S16 1和D8S384两个基因座在法医学中的应用价值。用自制的D2 0S16 1和D8S384两个DNA分型试剂盒 ,对人血、人精液、人唾液、动物血、人血与动物血的混合检材和人血痕、人精液斑、人唾液斑、动物血痕、人血与动物血的混合斑痕检材 ,以及陈旧血痕检材进行检测分型 ,并用这两个基因座PCR引物序列与DNA数据库进行联网对比分析。自制的D2 0S16 1和D8S384两个DNA分型试剂盒能对人血、人精液、人唾液、人血与动物血的混合检材分型 ,而动物血没有PCR产物 ;自制的D2 0S16 1和D8S384两个DNA分型试剂盒能对人血痕、人精斑、人唾液斑和人血与动物血的混合斑痕检材正确分型 ,而动物血痕没有PCR产物 ;斑痕检材分型结果与对应体液检材分型结果无差异 ;5 0份陈旧血痕检材全部获得阳性分型结果。DNA数据库联网比较提示 ,D2 0S16 1和D8S384基因座引物除了能与各自的模板序列发生特异性扩增外 ,理论上不能与DNA数据库中 6 0 6 36 4种已知序列产生PCR产物。D2 0S16 1和D8S384两个基因座具有高度的种属特异性 ,抗污染能力强 ,不易受降解的影响 ,是解决法医现场生物检材个人识别和亲子鉴定的理想手段     

多色荧光STR检测试剂盒的研制与验证

目的建立18个基因座的PCR扩增检测试剂盒。方法采用两个多重PCR体系和四色荧光素标记技术,对Amelogenin和17个STR基因座(D3S1358、vWA、FGA、D8S1179、D21S11、D18S51、D5S818、D13S317、D16S539、TH01、TPOX、CSF1PO、D7S820、D2S1338、D19S433、D12S391和D19S253)进行基因型检测,并对其可靠性、稳定性、效能等进行研究。结果通过2个多重PCR扩增体系,可以成功地对各类生物学检材的Amelogenin和17个STR基因座进行检测,且可靠、稳定、高效。结论本研究所研制的试剂盒,是对该18个基因座进行检测的高效、稳定、可靠的新体系。     

广东地区汉族人群 13个 STR基因座的频率调查

目的调查广东地区汉族无关个体的 13个 STR基因座（ D3S1358、 vWA、 FGA、 D8S1179、 D21S11、 D18S51、 D5S818、 D13S317、 D7S820、 D1 6S539、 TH01、 TPOX、 CSF1PO）多态性,研究其在法医学检验中的应用价值。方法用 AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus及 Cofiler二个荧光标记系统对新鲜血样进行 13个基因座的复合扩增,用 ABI 377-96全自动测序仪对扩增产物进行检测,用 GenoTyper软件进行基因分型。结果 13个基因座 PIC >0.5,DP >0.76,家系调查符合孟德尔遗传规律。结论含有 13个 STR基因座的二个荧光标记复合扩增系统可满足法医物证学的个体识别及亲权鉴定的需要。     

广东省瑶族人群15个STR基因座的多态性调查

目的调查广东省瑶族人群无关个体 15个STR基因座 (D3S135 8、TH0 1、D2 1S11、D18S5 1、PentaE、D5S818、D13S317、D7S82 0、D16S5 39、CSF1PO、PentaD、vWA、D8S1179、TPOX、FGA)的多态性 ,研究其在法医学检验中的应用价值。方法应用PowerplexTM16荧光标记复合扩增系统对 2 2 2例广东省瑶族无关个体血样DNA进行 15个STR基因座的复合扩增 ,用ABI 310 0遗传分析仪对扩增产物进行检测 ,用GeneScan、GenoTyper软件进行基因分型 ,统计计算 15个STR基因座的群体遗传学参数。结果PowerplexTM16荧光标记系统的 15个STR基因座在广东省瑶族人群的累积偶合率为 7 5 8× 10 - 17,三联体累积非父排除率为 0 999998,二联体累积非父排除率为 0 9996 6。结论本研究 15个STR基因座可满足广东省瑶族人群法医学的个体识别及亲权鉴定的需要。     

天津地区朝鲜族9个STR基因座遗传多态性

目的　调查天津地区朝鲜族人群无关个体 9个STR基因座 (D3S135 8、vWA、FGA、D8S1179、D2 1S11、D18S5 1、D5S818、D13S17、D7S82 0 )多态性分布 ,研究其在法医学检验中的应用。方法　应用AmpFLSTR○R　ProfilerPlusTM荧光标记复合扩增系统对 184例天津地区朝鲜族无关个体血样DNA进行 9个STR基因座的复合扩增 ,用ABI310遗传分析仪对扩增产物进行检测 ,用GeneScan、GenoTyper软件进行基因分型 ,统计计算 9个STR基因座的群体遗传学参数。结果　该群体上述 9个STR基因座检出的等位基因及其基因型多态性分布良好 ,经校验 ,符合Hardy Weinberg平衡定律 ,累计个体识别力 (TDP)为 0 99999999996 ,偶合率为 4 .0 6×10 - 11,累积非父排除能力 (PE)为 0 9899。结论　上述 9个STR基因座适用于本地区该群体各类案件的法医学个体识别和亲权鉴定。     

3个miniSTR基因座在高度降解检材中的应用及其遗传多态性

目的研究D1S1677、D4S2364、D10S1248 3个m in iSTR基因座在DNA高度降解检材中的法医学应用价值并调查河北地区汉族人群3个基因座的遗传多态性。方法对所有样本的3个基因座进行PCR扩增;PCR产物在AB I3100 Avant基因分析仪上电泳分离;GeneScan 3.7及Genotyper3.7软件分析结果。结果3个m in iSTR基因座均获得了清晰的基因型分型结果,扩增片段均小于125bp,分别检出7,5,8个等位基因和12,10,16种基因型,基因型分布均符合Hardy-W e inberg平衡。3个基因座在河北汉族人群的非父排除率和个人识别力分别为0.3530、0.3637、0.4901和0.7954、0.8113、0.8913。结论3个m in iSTR基因座在DNA高度降解检材的法医学分析中具有较高应用价值,并且在河北地区汉族人群中具有较好的遗传多态性。     

15个常染色体和18个Y染色体STR基因座复合扩增检测体系及法医学应用

目的建立15个常染色体和18个Y染色体STR基因座以及性别基因座的六色荧光标记复合PCR直扩检测体系,并评估其法医学应用价值。方法采用六色荧光标记技术,建立15个常染色体STR基因座(D3S1358、D13S317、D7S820、D16S539、TPOX、TH01、D2S1338、CSF1PO、D19S433、v WA、D21S11、D18S51、D8S1179、D5S818、FGA)和18个Y染色体STR基因座(DYS527a/b、DYS448、DYS456、DYS385a/b、DYS458、DYS391、DYS390、DYS19、DYS438、DYS393、DYS389Ⅰ、DYS439、DYS389Ⅱ、DYS392、GATA、DYS635)以及Amelogenin的复合扩增体系,收集800份无关人员血样进行基因座检测,评估所建复合扩增体系的稳定性、灵敏度、种属特异性、直扩可行性以及抗抑制性。结果本检测体系对800份无关人员血样复合扩增后,结果准确,灵敏度达0.125ng;种属特异性高;38份案件检材全部准确分型。在对照男性与女性的DNA浓度比值大于等于1:4时,男性DNA的所有基因座均能准确分型。若模板DNA中含一定浓度的已知抑制剂时,所有基因座也均准确分型。结论本文建立的复合扩增检测体系可同时检测15个常染色体和18个Y染色体基因座以及性别基因座,结果稳定准确,灵敏度高,可为法医DNA检测分析提供一个新选择。     

五色荧光标记20个基因座复合扩增体系及法医学应用

目的建立20个基因座五色荧光标记复合扩增检测体系,并评价其法医学应用价值。方法收集368份无关人血样及55份实际案例样本(包括血斑、体液斑、组织及毛发),采用五色荧光素标记技术,对Amelogenin和19个STR基因座(D19S433、D5S818、D21S11、D18S51、D6S1043、D3S1358、D13S317、D7S820、D16S539、CSF1PO、Penta D、vWA、D8S1179、TPOX、Penta E、TH01、D12S391、D2S1338和FGA)进行基因型检测,并考察方法的一致性、灵敏度、种属特异性及检材适用性。结果本文五色荧光标记复合扩增检测体系可对所选20个基因座分型,结果稳定准确,且均衡性良好、无杂峰;群体调查显示累积个人识别率和累积非父排除率分别是0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999和0.999 999 99;灵敏度达125pg,种属特异性高,实际案例检材分型成功率高。结论本文五色荧光标记复合扩增检测体系各项指标可达到当前商品化试剂盒的检测水平,具有重要的法医学应用价值。     

3个miniSTR基因座荧光标记复合扩增体系的建立及应用

目的建立扩增片段小于115 bp,包括D1S1676、D6S1274和D17S1299 3个非CODIS系统的miniSTR基因座复合扩增系统,用于高度降解DNA样本的基因分型。方法采用不同荧光染料标记引物,通过PCR扩增,利用310遗传分析仪对100份成都汉族健康无关个体血样以及2份高度降解检材进行检测。结果荧光标记复合扩增D1S1676、D6S1274和D17S1299 3个miniSTR基因座,每个基因座均获得了清晰的基因型分型结果。100份样本,3个miniSTR基因座分别检出个9、9、7个等位基因和27、23、18种基因型,基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。3个基因座在成都汉族人群的累积非父排除率、累积个体识别能力分别为0.9991和0.9160。结论本系统可以应用于个体识别和亲权鉴定,为DNA高度降解样本分型提供了新的方法。     

青岛地区汉族人群13个STR基因座的频率分布及法医学应用

目的　调查青岛地区汉族人群无关个体的 13个STR基因座 (D3S135 8、VWA、FGA、D8S1179、D2 1S11、D18S5 1、D5S818、D13S317、D7S82 0、D16S5 39、TH0 1、TPOX、CSFIPO)的基因频率分布 ,研究其遗传多态性及其在法医学个体识别及亲子鉴定中的应用价值。　方法　用美国ABI - 310型遗传分析仪对ProfilerPlus和Cofiler两个系统的 13个STR基因座的复合扩增产物进行毛细管电泳及四色荧光自动分析检测 ,基因分型软件为GeneScanv3.1和Genotyperv2 .5 .2。　 结果　获得 13个STR基因座在青岛地区汉族人群的基因频率分布数据 ,13个STR基因座的PIC >0 .5 ,DP >0 .71,CCE =0 .999999,TDP值接近 1,TPm =1.2× 10 -14 ,家系调查符合孟德尔遗传规律。　结论　ProfilerPlus和Cofiler两个系统的 13个STR基因座在法医学个体识别及亲子鉴定中具有较高的应用价值。     

Evaluation of ABO and Lewis genotypes using primer extension preamplification

There are some difficulties with blood typing from ABO variant bloodstains and Lewis negative samples using serologic methods. In these samples, DNA analysis should be employed simultaneously to avoid errors in typing. Primer extension preamplification (PEP) produces copies of template DNA. The minimum quantity to examine nucleotide substitutions of ABO and Lewis genotypes by PCR ranged from 1 to 3 ng DNA. The PCR products with or without PEP treatment showed identical ABO and Lewis genotyping results. Performing both serologic and PCR testing served to crosscheck the ABO and Lewis grouping of such specimens. Errors in ABO and Lewis typing can be avoided as discrepancies are investigated further. The application of the PEP method to limited amounts of DNA samples for ABO and Lewis blood groupings is useful.     

烟蒂DNA分型的研究

目的 研究烟蒂中DNA提取及其检验。方法 用Chelex-100法提取170枚烟蒂样本的DNA,进行PCR扩增及STR检验。结果 除1名志愿者提供的21枚烟蒂外层纸未能检出STR基因分型外,其余烟蒂外层纸均得到分型结果。加入少许烟丝的样本未能检出STR分型,与口唇接触的海绵有时可检出基因型,6个月内的烟蒂可检出小片段基因座。结论 烟蒂能进行DNA分型,在法医检案中具有应用价值。     

改良IPEP法用于痕量DNA检测的实验研究

目的探讨改良扩增前引物延伸(IPEP)法对痕量DNA样本STR检测分型的效果。方法用改良IPEP法对痕量样品DNA进行全基因组扩增(WGA),扩增产物用实时荧光定量PCR技术定量、用AmpFLSTR~ Indentifiler~试剂盒作基因型检测。结果该方法可增加模板DNA约200~1100倍。基因组DNA不低于0.025ng时,可获得15个STR基因座和Amelogenin性别基因座的分型结果。基因组DNA0.01~0.025ng时,可获得9个以上基因座的分型结果。结论改良IPEP法可有效提高痕量DNA样本STR分型检验的灵敏度,有较好的实用价值。     

A study on the effects of degradation and template concentration on the amplification efficiency of the STR Miniplex primer sets

In forensic DNA analysis, the samples recovered from the crime scene are often highly degraded leading to poor PCR amplification of the larger sized STR loci. To avoid this problem, we have developed STR markers with redesigned primer sequences called "Miniplexes" to produce smaller amplicons. To assess the effectiveness of these kits, we have tested these primer sets with enzymatically degraded DNA and compared the amplifications to a commercial kit. We also conducted sensitivity and peak balance studies of three Miniplex sets. Lastly, we report a case study on two human skeletal remain samples collected from different environmental conditions. In both types of degraded DNA, the Miniplex primer sets were capable of producing more complete profiles when compared to the larger sized amplicons from the commercial kit. Correct genotypes were obtained at template concentrations as low as 31 pg/25 microL. Overall, our data confirm that our redesigned primers can increase the probability of obtaining a usable profile in situations where standard kits fail.     

DYS385检测方法的改进

目的建立检测DYS385的新方法。方法比较基因数据库(GDB)中推荐的引物和Schneider所设计的引物扩增DYS385的效果;在此基础上,以GDB推荐的引物作为外引物,Schneider所设计的引物作为内引物,通过调整内、外引物的浓度,优化扩增条件,建立DYS385的半巢式PCR体系。结果与常规方法相比,采用Schneider所设计的引物扩增DYS385,扩增片段缩短112bp,电泳分离的效果好,灵敏度提高2倍,达500pg;建立的半巢式扩增方法,能特异性扩增短片段,灵敏度提高20倍,达50pg。结论建立的DYS385半巢式扩增方法具有更高的特异性和灵敏度,适合法医学应用。     

The application of miniplex primer sets in the analysis of degraded DNA from human skeletal remains

A new set of multiplexed PCR primers has been applied to the analysis of human skeletal remains to determine their efficacy in analyzing degraded DNA. These primer sets, known as Miniplexes, produce shorter amplicons (50-280 base pairs (bp)) than standard short tandem repeat (STR) kits, but still utilize the 13 CODIS STR loci, providing results that are searchable on national DNA databases. In this study, a set of 31 different human remains were exposed to a variety of environmental conditions, extracted, and amplified with commercial and Miniplex DNA typing kits. The amplification efficiency of the Miniplex sets was then compared with the Promega PowerPlex 16 system. Sixty-four percent of the samples generated full profiles when amplified with the Miniplexes, while only 16% of the samples generated full profiles with the Powerplex 16 kit. Complete profiles were obtained for 11 of the 12 Miniplex loci with amplicon sizes less than 200 bp. These data suggest smaller PCR amplicons may provide a useful alternative to mitochondrial DNA for anthropological and forensic analysis of degraded DNA from human skeletal remains.     

吸附性载体上微量血痕的DNA分型

目的研究吸附性载体上微量血痕的DNA提取及其检验。方法用Chelex-100法、QIAamp MiniKit、及QIAamp Mini Kit改良法提取吸附性载体上微量血痕中的DNA,进行PCR扩增及STR检验。结果采用Chelex-100法及QIAamp Mini Kit的分型成功率很低;采用QIAamp Mini Kit的改良法能较好的得到分型图谱。结论采用QIAamp Mini Kit的改良法能较好的提取吸附性载体上微量血痕的模板DNA。     

Mucosal Cell Isolation and Analysis from Cellular Mixtures of Three Contributors

In forensic genetic analyses, mixtures of various biological materials are common samples. Micromanipulation, which is performed based on differences in cellular morphology, is an effective method for the isolation of cells from mixtures. In this study, mucosal cell was isolated from somatic cellular mixtures (blood and saliva) based on micromanipulation and a low volume‐PCR (LV‐PCR) platform. One hundred and twenty‐six parallel LV‐PCR processes were performed using an Identifiler^® kit, with 107 reactions yielding single‐source DNA profiles. Among them, 54 full profiles (50%) and 37 partial profiles (13–15 loci) were obtained. Based on the above method, we obtained a single‐source DNA profile from a cigarette butt contaminated by two victims’ blood in a murder case. The generated genotype was used to query a DNA database, and a perfect match was found.     

Co-amplification of ENFSI-loci D3S1358, D8S1179 and D18S51: validation of new primer sequences and allelic distribution among 2874 individuals

The present communication presents a new triplex PCR co-amplifying three loci (D3S1358, D8S1179 and D18S51) recommended for STR typing by the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI). Twenty-two different primers were tested to optimise the PCR. Four of the six primer sequences finally chosen were self selected, the fifth was a published one and the sixth derived from a commercially available multiplex kit. Using this PCR-setup, even minimum amounts of genomic DNA are sufficient to analyse the STR loci D3S1358, D8S1179 and D18S51 in parallel. Especially in forensic casework, where DNA is mostly limited and often contaminated with enzyme inhibitors, this new PCR proved to be very advantageous. To demonstrate the reliability, buccal swabs from 2874 persons were typed not only with the new triplex PCR but also with a commercially available multiplex kit.     

Jordanian population data on the PCR-based loci: LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8 and GC.

Genotype and allele frequency distributions for PM polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based genetic markers were determined in a Jordanian sample population. Results were obtained using the AmpliType PM PCR Amplification and typing kit. All loci were in agreement with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations. The predominant alleles for LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8 and GC loci were B, A, B, A and C respectively. No statistically significant variation was detected in allele frequencies of these loci in Jordanians compared to that in Israeli Arab, U.S Caucasian and Japanese populations. Data presented here can be used to estimate the frequency of a specific DNA profile in the Jordanian population for forensic analyses and paternity testing.