牦牛胃肠道线虫与其幼虫消长规律的研究

本文对青藏高原东部牦牛,采用斯氏法和水浴法分别检查胃肠内容物和粘膜、肠系膜淋巴结、纵膈淋巴结及肺脏气管内的胃肠道线虫和寄生阶段幼虫。同步观察结果:库柏线虫、食道口线虫、毛圆线虫、细颈线虫、仰口线虫、夏柏特线虫和毛首线虫等7属的成虫,2～6月先后出现1次明显的春季高潮。除食道口线虫外,8～12月又先后出现1次秋季高潮。而奥斯特他线虫和毛细线虫两属,春季高潮不明显,秋季高潮明显。上述9属线虫的寄生阶段幼虫,除毛细线虫未能检出外,其余8属先后于8月到翌年3月份出现高潮。总的律规是,8～12月寄生阶段幼虫陆续升高,并先后达到高峰,1～6月随着幼虫荷量的先后下降,成虫荷量先后升高,并形成春季高潮。冷季寄生阶段幼虫在牦牛体内居优势,暖季成虫占优势。     

氟苯哒唑控释药丸对山羊线虫的驱除效果

通过给山羊投服氟苯哒唑控释药丸 ,观察药丸对山羊寄生线虫的驱除效果。Ⅰ组为投服氟苯哒唑控释药丸组 ,投药后第 5～ 10 5d线虫虫卵减少率为 10 0 % ;Ⅱ组为胃管一次给药组 ,给药后第 5d线虫虫卵减少率为 96.9% ,3 0d后虫卵数回升。试验结束时 ,Ⅰ组山羊平均增重比Ⅱ组和不给药对照组 (Ⅲ组 )的平均增重分别多 2 .1kg和 4.1kg。结果表明 ,控释药丸不仅比胃管一次给药的驱虫效果好 ,且药效时间明显延长。     

甘南牧区藏系绵羊寄生蠕虫的种类调查和感染季节动态研究

剖检甘南州的藏系绵羊６０只，共检获寄生蠕虫１２科１７属２３种，寄生蠕虫的优势属为奥斯特线虫、细颈线虫和同盘吸虫。在一年内每个月剖检５只绵羊，检查胃肠道寄生线虫的成虫和第四期幼虫，证明当地寄生线虫的优势属为奥斯特线虫、细颈线虫、马歇尔线虫。其中奥斯特线虫幼虫的寄生高峰期是８～１０月，９月份为最高峰，成虫的寄生高峰期是７～９月，７月份为最高峰；细颈线虫幼虫几乎全年持续感染，高峰期在１０月至次年５月，１月为最高峰，成虫全年都寄生，高峰期在１２月至次年１月，１月份为最高峰；马歇尔线虫全年寄生都比较低，幼虫在９月份较高，成虫在１月份较高。     

野生动物捻转血矛线虫的分子鉴定及PCR检测方法的建立

为了对野生动物捻转血矛线虫进行分子鉴定并建立特异性PCR检测方法,基于ITS序列,对草食类野生动物粪便中毛圆线虫虫卵及幼虫DNA进行分子鉴定,并比较粪便和虫体样品的PCR扩增效果;基于ITS1序列建立了特异性PCR检测方法,并对20份临床粪样进行了检测。结果显示,2种草食动物(长颈鹿、弯角剑羚)粪便和虫体样品均扩增出ITS1和ITS2片段,且虫体DNA比虫卵DNA的扩增效果更好;经系统发育分析和BLAST比对,该毛圆线虫分离株属于毛圆科血矛属,与基因库中多株捻转血矛线虫ITS1和ITS2序列的相似性为98%~99%。结果表明,基于ITS1序列建立的PCR检测方法具有良好的特异性和敏感性,与幼虫鉴定法的符合率为95%,高于粪便虫卵检查法(70%),具有一定的临床应用价值。     

裂刺四棱线虫雌虫和虫卵的扫描电镜观察

对裂刺四棱线虫(Tetrameres fissispinus)雌虫和虫卵进行扫描电镜观察.结果,裂刺四棱线虫雌虫依子宫发育程度呈卵形或球形,长2.6-6.0 mm,最宽处为1.0-3.2 mm;虫卵呈长椭圆形,大小为21.34-23.68 μm×15.54-17.89 μm.     

中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所动物寄生虫标本室简介

中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所成立以来 ,家畜寄生虫病研究室的科技人员在 5 0余年的科研工作中 ,长期深入牧区、深入畜群 ,对西北 5省区为主的全国主要牧区进行了畜禽寄生虫区系分布调查研究和寄生虫病防治 ,发现了一些新种和新记录 ,收集了大量寄生虫标本 ,进而建立了寄生虫标本室 ,并使其不断扩充和发展。目前 ,我所寄生虫标本室收藏、保存的畜禽体内外寄生虫标本有线虫、吸虫、绦虫、蜘蛛昆虫等 6门、9纲、2 1目、82科、116属、396种 ,包括新定种许氏细颈线虫、青海毛圆线虫、高寒夏伯特线虫 ,国内首次发现的舒氏似黄鼠线虫、阿尔泰同刺…     

阿维菌素和丙硫苯咪唑对巨蜥体内寄生虫的驱除试验

用丙硫苯咪唑和阿维菌素对国家一级保护野生动物巨蜥进行驱虫试验 ,每种药物设 2个剂量组 ,每组 6个重复。口服丙硫苯咪唑 4 0 .0mg/kg剂量组的胃肠道线虫虫卵减少率和虫卵转阴率分别为 91.4 9%和 83.33% ,2 0 .0mg/kg的剂量无效。皮下注射阿维菌素 0 .3mg/kg和0 .6mg/kg 剂量组的胃肠道线虫虫卵减少率和虫卵转阴率均达 10 0 %。试验结果表明 ,用丙硫苯咪唑驱除巨蜥消化道线虫需较高剂量 ,较小剂量的阿维菌素对驱除巨蜥消化道线虫效果很好     

黑龙江省松花江地区绵羊胃肠道线虫虫卵排出与成虫寄生的季节动态

采用粪便检查法、幼虫培养法和蠕虫学剖检法对黑龙江省松花江地区羊胃肠道线虫虫卵排出与成虫寄生的季节动态进行了研究。结果表明,成年羊胃肠道线虫的虫卵排出量和成虫寄生量于5月出现一次明显的春季高潮,8月又出现一次较小的高峰,而一年的其他时期,虫卵排出量和成虫寄生量很低。羊胃肠道线虫的优势虫种是捻转血矛线虫、哥伦比亚食道口线虫、羊仰口线虫、毛圆线虫和毛首线虫。羔羊粪便中最早检获虫卵的时间是6月下旬,一年内虫卵排出量只在7月下旬出现一次高峰。研究结果对控制黑龙江省羊消化道线虫病有十分重要的意义。     

捕食线虫性真菌生长特性的研究

对捕食线虫性真菌菌丝、分生孢子、厚垣孢子、捕食性结构的发育过程和特点及其在 0 .4g/L玉米粉琼脂固体培养基和液体培养基中的生长情况进行了研究。结果表明 ,捕食线虫性真菌菌丝在 0 .4 g/L玉米粉琼脂固体培养基上呈树枝形放射状生长 ,有的菌株还可以在 0 .4g/L 玉米粉液体培养基中呈絮状生长 ;分生孢子位于垂直的分生孢子梗顶端或近顶端部 ,多数出现在菌丝的生长后期 ;厚垣孢子在菌丝上呈插入性生长 ,在老的培养基中容易发现 ,且与捕食线虫性真菌的种类有关 ;捕食性结构在受到活线虫幼虫的刺激之后才会产生 ,而线虫虫卵与成虫并不能导致捕食性结构的产生。     

秀丽隐杆线虫的培养与保存研究

比较了在OP50-NGM、JM109-NGM、OP50-LB、JM109-LB四种不同培养基上秀丽隐杆线虫的生长效果;测定了在三种温度和含不同甘油浓度冻存液中的虫体保存效果。结果显示,秀丽隐杆线虫在OP50-NGM培养基中生长良好,在JM109-LB培养基中生长较差。在-80℃最佳温度条件下,秀丽隐杆线虫在含50mL/L甘油的LB培养基中的存活率达78%;在含50mL/L甘油的PBS中的存活率达52%;而在含100mL/L甘油的水溶液中的存活率仅为8%。用液氮保存,成虫和幼虫均可存活;而在-80℃和-20℃条件下,仅有幼虫存活。结果表明,秀丽隐杆线虫在OP50-NGM培养基中培养发育生长较好;在-80℃条件下,含50mL/L甘油的LB培养基适于保存秀丽隐杆线虫。     

China＇s Rise vs. International Order Evolution

A heated debate over the rise of China has been going on unabated in the international community for nearly two decades. However, with the elapse of time, the initial divergence of views in the mainstream opinion has gradually diminished and the gap in China policy among nations has likewise narrowed down. Instead, reason and a realistic approach have eventually taken center stare.     

The U. S. Policy toward DPRK: Opportunities and Constraints

布什政府上台以来,始终未能阻止朝鲜拥核步伐.朝核试后,美对朝政策有了新的调整,六方会谈得以复会.但美朝双方受各自国家利益和政策目标的限制,在朝鲜半岛无核化问题上的尖锐分歧难以解决,朝核危机仍存在再度升级的可能.     

Marxist Philosophy vs. International Relations Research in China

This article argues for the confirmation of Marxist philosophy as the ideology that guides international relations （IR） studies in China. Justification comes through the following points. According to Marxism, correct theoretical guidance serves as the prerequisite for correct practice. Marxist philosophy embodies, by nature, righteousness, in opposition to political hegemony. Accordingly, practice under its guidance represents fruitful revolutionary realism. Finally, advanced studies of international relations in this country cannot be separated from philosophical thinking. Using these arguments as background, this article specifically advocates materialism, patriotism, and service to the people as the corner-stone of China＇s IR theory building.     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

Excavating Concealed Tradeoffs: How Russians Watch the News

Citizens in democracies are expected to make better decisions if they understand policy tradeoffs. However, politicians rarely have incentives to communicate them; citizens are uncomfortable choosing among valued outcomes; and devising a common metric is difficult. It is not surprising that in the United States the environment provides relatively little cuing or priming of tradeoffs in television news. Russian citizens, on the other hand, face a media environment in which tradeoff cuing is intentionally suppressed by owners' agendas, yet viewers detect concealed tradeoffs even in the absence of tradeoff priming and viewpoint diversity. Analysis of discourse among ordinary Russians in 16 focus groups convened in four cities, differentiated by political reform and media market environments, showed that when watching news in which tradeoffs are thoroughly concealed, viewers challenge stories by offering a broad spectrum of uncued tradeoffs. Tradeoffs come from diverse policy domains and represent a range of cognitive strategies, some of which are considerably more abstract than others and link elements of their observations and assumptions (together with what they can extract from the stories) into complex reasoning outcomes.     

The U.S. Global Strategy as Seen from the Debate in the Primary Election

There may be more than one year to go before the 2008 U.S. presidential election, but the primary election of the two parties has already begun ahead of time. Both the Democratic and Republican candidates for the     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1. Introduction
On the morning of April 1st, 2001, a U.S. EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China＇s Hainan Island. Two Chinese fighter jets intercepted the spy plane and followed its flight, as is considered ordinary international practice. For reasons unknown, the EP-3 airplane made a sudden maneuver and crashed into one of the Chinese planes. The Chinese plane dropped into the sea, the pilot missing. The U.S. spy plane was also severely damaged. It intruded into Chinese territorial space and landed on Hainan Island without official permission from the Chinese side. After landing, the spy plane and 24 crew on board were detained by the Chinese authorities. This air collision episode was the first of its kind in the China-U.S. relations and an urgent diplomatic crisis ensued.     

Constitution of the Chinese Associa tion for Interna tiona l Understa nding(Approved by the Plenary Session of the Eleventh Executive Council on April 2, 2014)

正Chapter I General Rules Article 1 The Chinese Association for International Understanding is a national non-governmental organization(NGO)in the People’s Republic of China.Article 2 The official name of the Association is"Zhong Guo Guo Ji Jiao Liu Xie Hui"in Chinese,or"Jiao Liu Xie Hui"for short.Its English translation is"Chinese Association for International Understanding",and abbreviated as"CAFIU".     

Guide to Authors

正Published by China Institute of International Studies,China International Studies is China’s first English-language journal on diplomacy and international politics for formal circulation.The magazine mainly publishes the latest research achievements of Chinese scholars and specialists on China’s diplomacy,international politics and international relations under such columns as China’s Diplomacy,International Relations,International Politics,International Security,Regional Issues and World Economy.