论近年来拉美国家的政治改革

论近年来拉美国家的政治改革刘新民一８０年代末期以来，拉美国家掀起了政治改革的浪潮。特别是１９９４～１９９５年，拉美不少国家面临着换届选举。这些国家的政治改革直接关系到政权的根本建设和各党的利益，因此，研究和总结拉美国家近年来的政治改革及其特点和存在的...     

拉丁美洲的军工生产和武器需求

长期以来,拉丁美洲一直是美国的势力范围,特别是拉美国家的军队,一直受美国的控制和影响。美国同拉美国家签订有军事协定,向它们提供军事援助,从军队的装备到军事人员的培训都由美国包揽,美国反对其他西方国家向拉美国家出售武器,不许其他武器生产国染指拉美国家的武器贸易。自60年代起,拉美国家独立意识增强,要求摆脱在军事装备方面对美国的依赖,相继废除了同美国建立的军事同盟,拒绝美国的“军援”,在武器来源方面实行多样化方针,一方面从西欧、以色列等国进口武器,少数国家也从前苏联进口武器,另一方面,拉美一些工业比较发达的国家,如巴西、阿     

拉美经济改革失误的教训

现在 ,学术界普遍认为 ,新自由主义经济改革改变了拉美国家的经济发展战略模式 ,从过去的进口替代模式发展到外向型的发展模式。既然是一项涉及国家经济发展战略模式调整的重大变革 ,就需要我们从更广阔的视角来分析和评价拉美改革的成效与教训。因此 ,笔者想对拉美改革、重点是巴西的教训作分析。第一 ,拉美国家的经济改革缺乏强有力的政治领导。过分强调维护政党、地方和部门利益 ,严重扭曲了改革的目标 ,成为拉美改革成果有限和不断失误的重要原因。经过将近 2 0年的经济衰退和严重的通货膨胀 ,面对经济全球化的发展趋势 ,拉美国家普遍认…     

2006年拉美形势盘点

2006年是拉美的大选年，举行全国性选举的国家就达14个。大选结果较客观地体现出 拉美国家政治力量对比的现状和变化，在一定程度上反映出今后一个时期拉美政治的发展 走向。近期拉美政治发展进程中最引入关注的现象是左翼力量的不断发展壮大。20世纪 90年代拉美国家普遍     

可治理性与拉美国家的可治理性问题

拉美的可治理性问题早已存在,许多国家程度不同地存在可治理性问题。最近20年,拉美国家民主政治体制的脆弱性进一步暴露,政治、经济和社会难题增多,社会矛盾进一步发展,可治理性问题加剧。拉美国家的可治理性问题有共同性,也有差异性。拉美国家的可治理性问题主要源于体制缺陷,以及政治、经济、社会发展的脆弱性和缺陷。拉美学术界、相关国际组织提出了一系列克服可治理性问题的政策性建议,一些拉美国家政府已经或正在采取措施,试图提高可治理性的实现程度。     

冷战结束后拉美恐怖主义探析

冷战结束后,拉美恐怖主义活动呈弱化趋势。拉美国家政治治理能力的欠缺,经济发展不平衡、贫富分化严重以及拉美一些国家之间缺乏有效的合作,是拉美恐怖主义产生和持续存在的原因。为更好地防范和打击恐怖主义,拉美国家采取了一系列措施:加强打击毒品和洗钱犯罪的力度;提升自身的反恐能力,在加强军事打击力度的同时,还加快了与反政府武装组织的和谈进程;增进彼此间以及与美国的沟通和合作,提高了反恐行动的跨国合作水平。2D10年以来,拉美地区的恐怖威胁持续下降,已成为全球七大区域中安全水平上升最明显的地区。总体而言,同世界其他地区相比,目前拉美和加勒比地区安全形势比较稳定,恐怖主义活动相对较少。然而长远来看,拉美国家需要采取更多措施,才能从根本上消除恐怖主义。     

平行外交视域下的拉美城市外交——以墨西哥和智利为例

全球化的发展让国家之间、不同层次行为体之间的联系日益紧密,与此同时,也使民族国家的主权权限受到削弱。国家不再是国际政治的唯一主体,省州、城市等次国家行为体日益活跃起来,国际交往呈现多层次的形态。拉美国家政治民主化、去中心化的发展,引发内部结构调整乃至改革,使地方政府获得更多的自主权力。同时,地方发展和对外开放不断激发城市谋求国际合作。21世纪以来,拉美国家地方政府积极与外国对等行为体建立联系,在国际合作中推动可持续发展,并通过组建拉美区域城市组织,融入城市外交的世界网络。迅速发展的城市外交已成为拉美国家重要的国际关系新议题。此间的中央—地方关系、各行为体之间的内外互动、地方行政权力大小及结构调整都值得研究。本文从平行外交理论出发,结合拉美政治和地方发展实际,选取联邦制的墨西哥、单一制的智利为案例国,对拉美国家城市外交发展的背景、动因、成效及其组织网络进行比较研究,以此探讨城市外交的发展规律。     

公民社会与拉美国家政治转型研究

公民社会在拉美国家的政治转型过程中发挥了重要作用:圣保罗论坛和世界社会论坛已成为拉美政治左转的思想高地;天主教会仍是最能影响和控制人的思想和行为的公民社会组织,其在历次政治转型中发挥的作用不可低估,尤其在"还政于民"过程中的推动作用不可忽视;土著人组织通过其政治参与使国家政权更具包容性,民主参与机制更为广泛,是拉美政治转型的直接推动力之一;社会运动、妇女、学生等其他弱势群体也是拉美政治改革和转型的积极推动者。此外,公民社会还包括个人和家庭等社会细胞,其经济和教育水平的提高为拉美国家的政治转型提供了社会基础。     

拉美区域合作和一体化的国别基础、互补与竞争

21世纪第二个10年,域外经济、政治发展和拉美国家政治生态变化引发了拉美区域合作和一体化的新态势,相关研究多聚焦于地区建设的周期性、多样性和复杂的动力机制。本文选取拉美国家外交政策视角观照目前地区建设动态,考察自下而上影响区域合作和一体化的各种因素,将地区主义的两个维度(即合作和一体化)作为国别外交政策选项,阐明拉美国家如何利用区域次区域组织展开互补和竞争,分析各组织间的互补关系及其缺失,同时指出其并非壁垒森严的竞争关系。以拉美和加勒比国家共同体、南方共同市场和太平洋联盟的演化为例,分析三种类型的区域合作和一体化组织在面对域内外挑战时所体现的拉美地区建设的固有风格,指出成员国利益和诉求的最终决定作用,即区域次区域组织关系背后的国别政策基础。由于拉美国家利益的多样性和政策的差异性,拉美一体化组织的生命力在于如何凝聚具有共同诉求的成员国直面当下最急迫的挑战,借助区域次区域平台解决经济衰退、对美关系和地区热点等诸多难题,其现实路径是采取协调和谋求共识的方式开展国家间的"合作"。     

2012年拉美和加勒比地区形势回顾与展望

2012年,国际金融危机持续发酵,世界政治格局深入演进,全球经济复苏乏力。在此背景下,拉美和加勒比国家积极应对国际形势变化,政治形势总体稳定,左右翼势均力敌政治格局进一步巩固,温和务实执政理念成为地区主流;地区经济下行压力有所增加,但各国经济未见衰退,呈差异化增长态势;民生略有改善,贫富两极分化等问题积重难返,社会治安状况堪忧;拉美主要国家多元务实外交更趋活跃,国际地位和影响力不断提升;拉美各国联合自强意识增强,地区一体化进程继续发展。2013年,智利、厄瓜多尔等国的大选结果将影响拉美左右力量的对比,墨西哥等新政府将力行改革,查韦斯健康状况全球关注;拉美经济发展前景与世界经济总体形势密切相关,但拉美国家经济增速不均,巴西有望重回增长轨道。     

China＇s Rise vs. International Order Evolution

A heated debate over the rise of China has been going on unabated in the international community for nearly two decades. However, with the elapse of time, the initial divergence of views in the mainstream opinion has gradually diminished and the gap in China policy among nations has likewise narrowed down. Instead, reason and a realistic approach have eventually taken center stare.     

The U. S. Policy toward DPRK: Opportunities and Constraints

布什政府上台以来,始终未能阻止朝鲜拥核步伐.朝核试后,美对朝政策有了新的调整,六方会谈得以复会.但美朝双方受各自国家利益和政策目标的限制,在朝鲜半岛无核化问题上的尖锐分歧难以解决,朝核危机仍存在再度升级的可能.     

Marxist Philosophy vs. International Relations Research in China

This article argues for the confirmation of Marxist philosophy as the ideology that guides international relations （IR） studies in China. Justification comes through the following points. According to Marxism, correct theoretical guidance serves as the prerequisite for correct practice. Marxist philosophy embodies, by nature, righteousness, in opposition to political hegemony. Accordingly, practice under its guidance represents fruitful revolutionary realism. Finally, advanced studies of international relations in this country cannot be separated from philosophical thinking. Using these arguments as background, this article specifically advocates materialism, patriotism, and service to the people as the corner-stone of China＇s IR theory building.     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

Excavating Concealed Tradeoffs: How Russians Watch the News

Citizens in democracies are expected to make better decisions if they understand policy tradeoffs. However, politicians rarely have incentives to communicate them; citizens are uncomfortable choosing among valued outcomes; and devising a common metric is difficult. It is not surprising that in the United States the environment provides relatively little cuing or priming of tradeoffs in television news. Russian citizens, on the other hand, face a media environment in which tradeoff cuing is intentionally suppressed by owners' agendas, yet viewers detect concealed tradeoffs even in the absence of tradeoff priming and viewpoint diversity. Analysis of discourse among ordinary Russians in 16 focus groups convened in four cities, differentiated by political reform and media market environments, showed that when watching news in which tradeoffs are thoroughly concealed, viewers challenge stories by offering a broad spectrum of uncued tradeoffs. Tradeoffs come from diverse policy domains and represent a range of cognitive strategies, some of which are considerably more abstract than others and link elements of their observations and assumptions (together with what they can extract from the stories) into complex reasoning outcomes.     

The U.S. Global Strategy as Seen from the Debate in the Primary Election

There may be more than one year to go before the 2008 U.S. presidential election, but the primary election of the two parties has already begun ahead of time. Both the Democratic and Republican candidates for the     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1. Introduction
On the morning of April 1st, 2001, a U.S. EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China＇s Hainan Island. Two Chinese fighter jets intercepted the spy plane and followed its flight, as is considered ordinary international practice. For reasons unknown, the EP-3 airplane made a sudden maneuver and crashed into one of the Chinese planes. The Chinese plane dropped into the sea, the pilot missing. The U.S. spy plane was also severely damaged. It intruded into Chinese territorial space and landed on Hainan Island without official permission from the Chinese side. After landing, the spy plane and 24 crew on board were detained by the Chinese authorities. This air collision episode was the first of its kind in the China-U.S. relations and an urgent diplomatic crisis ensued.     

Constitution of the Chinese Associa tion for Interna tiona l Understa nding(Approved by the Plenary Session of the Eleventh Executive Council on April 2, 2014)

正Chapter I General Rules Article 1 The Chinese Association for International Understanding is a national non-governmental organization(NGO)in the People’s Republic of China.Article 2 The official name of the Association is"Zhong Guo Guo Ji Jiao Liu Xie Hui"in Chinese,or"Jiao Liu Xie Hui"for short.Its English translation is"Chinese Association for International Understanding",and abbreviated as"CAFIU".     

Guide to Authors

正Published by China Institute of International Studies,China International Studies is China’s first English-language journal on diplomacy and international politics for formal circulation.The magazine mainly publishes the latest research achievements of Chinese scholars and specialists on China’s diplomacy,international politics and international relations under such columns as China’s Diplomacy,International Relations,International Politics,International Security,Regional Issues and World Economy.