沙门菌实时荧光定量PCR检测试剂盒的研制与应用

根据沙门菌保守的fimY基因序列设计合成了引物和TaqMan探针,建立了快速检测沙门茵的实时荧光定量方法,并对反应条件进行了优化,组装成快速检测试剂盒。通过对临床样品的检测,该试剂盒的检测灵敏度达4．5 CFU(25μL反应体系),比常规PCR高100倍,而且稳定性良好,至少可以冷冻保存9个月。结果表明,所建立的沙门菌实时荧光定量PCR检测试剂盒具有操作简便、快速、特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性好、稳定性强等优点,适于大量样品的检测。     

应用复合PCR方法检测沙门菌的研究

参照文献报道的沙门菌Repeatse和hisJ基因片段的引物序列 ,设计并合成了 2对引物 ,对沙门菌属和非沙门菌属的标准菌株及分离菌株进行了复合PCR扩增反应。结果 ,沙门菌PCR产物均出现 199bp与 4 95bp的特异性DNA扩增条带 ,而非沙门菌均未出现扩增条带 ,证明这 2对引物具有沙门菌属特异性。将提取的沙门菌DNA做梯度稀释 ,测定该复合PCR体系的敏感度。结果表明 ,此体系可检出 10 3CFU/mL菌液提取的DNA模板。应用上述方法 ,对进境鱼粉阳性样品进行了检测 ,均出现阳性结果。本研究表明 ,复合PCR是一种特异、敏感、快速的沙门菌检测方法 ,可应用于口岸系统鱼粉、肉骨粉的日常检测。     

沙门菌毒力基因多重PCR检测方法的建立及应用

通过建立沙门菌不同毒力岛基因的多重PCR,对沙门菌毒力基因进行快速、灵敏的检测。根据GenBank中的序列设计合成16对引物,优化反应条件,建立了4组多重PCR,通过倍比稀释模板检测多重PCR的敏感性。利用建立的多重PCR对124株沙门菌进行毒力基因分布检测,验证多重PCR的实用性。电泳结果显示,多重PCR体系可有效扩增出每个目的基因。4组多重PCR体系的DNA敏感性分别为50、10、50、100pg;菌液敏感性分别为1×104、1×104、1×105、1×105 CFU。多重PCR与单基因PCR检测沙门菌毒力基因的结果一致。结果表明,本研究建立的多重PCR可有效检测沙门菌毒力岛基因,特异性强,灵敏度高,耗时短;还可用于沙门菌毒力基因的鉴定及分子流行病学调查。     

致病性沙门菌SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

为建立一种灵敏、特异、快速地检测食品中致病性沙门菌的方法,针对沙门菌致病性菌株特有的invA基因设计引物,PCR扩增目的片段,构建重组质粒pMD19-T-inv285,将其作为标准品进行real-time PCR反应体系的优化和标准曲线的绘制,并进行灵敏度、特异性及稳定性检测;同时用该方法对90份肉品样品进行检测。结果显示,建立的致病性沙门菌SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的标准曲线方程为y=-3.397 1 x+27.313,相关系数r2=0.999 6。该方法的灵敏度为5×100copies/μL,是普通PCR(5×102 copies/μL)的100倍。对10种常见食源性细菌的检测结果均为阴性;组内和组间重复试验的变异系数均低于1%。对90份肉品样品的检出率(6/90,6.67%)显著高于快速MALDI-TOF-MS法和传统的细菌分离鉴定方法(均为3/90,3.33%)。结果表明,本试验建立的致病性沙门菌SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR灵敏度高,且特异、稳定,适用于食品中致病性沙门菌的快速检测。     

食品中沙门氏菌DNA环介导等温扩增快速检测方法的建立

根据沙门氏菌属高度保守的fimY基因序列设计了2对特异性引物,采用环介导等温扩增方法(LAMP)建立了食品中沙门氏菌的LAMP快速检测方法。结果表明,建立的LAMP方法具有高度特异性,经对40种共68株细菌进行扩增,所试32株沙门氏菌均为LAMP阳性,其他菌株为LAMP阴性。建立的LAMP方法对培养的沙门氏菌的检测灵敏度为5CFU/管,对污染食品中沙门氏菌的检测灵敏度为9CFU/管,60min内即可完成检测。用建立的LAMP方法对802份肉类、蛋、奶及其制品和动物腹泻物、人工污染样品等进行检测,共检出165份LAMP阳性样本,与国标(GB/T4789.4-2008)方法的检测结果一致。建立的LAMP方法操作简便、特异性强、灵敏度高,具有良好的实用性。     

牛支原体肺炎PCR诊断方法的建立及初步应用

参照GenBank中牛支原体脂蛋白P48基因序列,设计并合成特异性引物Mb-F/Mb-R,建立了牛支原体PCR检测方法,并在扩增条件优化的基础上,对该方法的特异性和灵敏度进行了分析,进而应用建立的方法完成了疑似牛支原体肺炎临床病料的检测。结果显示,建立的PCR方法对牛支原体的核酸样品能扩增出534 bp的特异性目的片段,而对无乳支原体、丝状支原体、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、链球菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、黏质沙雷氏菌、变形杆菌等牛常见条件病原微生物核酸样品均未见明显的扩增条带,且其可检测出的牛支原体DNA最低浓度约为0.000 002 875μg/mL。对临床样品的检测结果显示,该方法的检出率与与病原分离的符合率为100%。上述结果表明,本研究成功建立了牛支原体PCR检测方法,可用于临床上牛支原体肺炎的快速诊断。     

肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7 LAMP-LFD快速检测方法的建立及初步应用

针对肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7(EHEC O157∶H7)的rfbE基因保守序列设计特异引物,通过优化反应体系、反应温度和反应时间等参数,建立了一种快速、简便的肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7的环介导等温扩增-横向流动试纸条(LAMP-LFD)检测方法。特异性试验结果显示,该方法与大肠杆菌O8∶K88和O141∶K99、无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、痢疾志贺菌、产单核细胞李氏杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、肠炎沙门菌、猪链球菌2型、副猪嗜血杆菌、胸膜肺炎放线杆菌等12种细菌均无交叉反应。灵敏度试验结果表明,该方法对纯培养的EHEC O157∶H7的检测下限为13CFU/mL,污染食品中EHEC O157∶H7的检测下限为18CFU/mL。研究结果表明,该方法特异性好,灵敏度高,操作简便,可肉眼直接判定结果,1h内完成检测,在食品卫生检验和临床疾病诊断方面具有良好的应用前景。     

鸡白痢沙门菌等位基因特异性PCR检测方法的建立

根据鸡白痢沙门菌与鸡伤寒沙门菌的rfbS基因在第237和第598位碱基的不同,设计和合成了等位基因特异性PCR引物,建立了快速检测鸡白痢沙门菌的PCR方法,并应用该方法对鸡白痢沙门菌临床分离样品进行了PCR鉴定。结果显示,该PCR方法能够特异性地鉴定鸡白痢沙门菌,检测灵敏度达100 pgDNA。对35个经常规方法鉴定的鸡白痢沙门菌分离株应用等位基因特异性PCR方法进行鉴定,鉴定出33株鸡白痢沙门菌,符合率为94.3%。表明,建立的等位基因特异性PCR方法能够准确而快速地鉴定鸡白痢沙门菌。     

沙门菌和副溶血性弧菌双重荧光PCR快速检测方法的建立

根据沙门菌invA基因和副溶血性弧菌toxR基因的保守序列设计引物和探针,通过优化反应条件与参数,建立了可同时检测沙门菌和副溶血性弧菌的双重荧光PCR方法.结果显示,该方法敏感度高,特异性强,重复性好.对沙门菌和副溶血性弧菌的检测低限均低于每反应体系10CFU,经对29株非目标菌进行检测均呈阴性,而定量检测批内和批间的变异系数均小于2%;应用该方法检测人工染菌样品和实际样品,结果与SN标准方法的检测结果一致;应用该法可在8h内完成对样品中沙门菌和副溶血性弧菌的同步检验.     

猪肺炎支原体PCR快速检测方法的应用研究

为对猪场中猪肺炎支原体的感染和发病情况进行有效地病原学监测,本研究筛选国内外最常用且引用率最高的靶向16S rRNA基因的引物对作为检测猪肺炎支原体的特异性引物,通过制定临床猪肺组织样品、鼻拭子样品和肺泡灌洗液样品的标准化采集与处理方法,比较菌液样品、肺组织样品、鼻拭子样品与支气管肺泡灌洗液等不同样品的不同DNA提取方法,验证PCR检测方法适用的临床样本范围。结果表明,对于菌液样品和鼻拭子样品可选用经济快速的水煮法,对于肺组织样品和肺泡灌洗液样品使用高效的试剂盒提取法。本研究表明,使用靶向16S rRNA基因的引物对进行PCR检测,可满足临床上对猪肺炎支原体快速检测的要求。     

China＇s Rise vs. International Order Evolution

A heated debate over the rise of China has been going on unabated in the international community for nearly two decades. However, with the elapse of time, the initial divergence of views in the mainstream opinion has gradually diminished and the gap in China policy among nations has likewise narrowed down. Instead, reason and a realistic approach have eventually taken center stare.     

The U. S. Policy toward DPRK: Opportunities and Constraints

布什政府上台以来,始终未能阻止朝鲜拥核步伐.朝核试后,美对朝政策有了新的调整,六方会谈得以复会.但美朝双方受各自国家利益和政策目标的限制,在朝鲜半岛无核化问题上的尖锐分歧难以解决,朝核危机仍存在再度升级的可能.     

Marxist Philosophy vs. International Relations Research in China

This article argues for the confirmation of Marxist philosophy as the ideology that guides international relations （IR） studies in China. Justification comes through the following points. According to Marxism, correct theoretical guidance serves as the prerequisite for correct practice. Marxist philosophy embodies, by nature, righteousness, in opposition to political hegemony. Accordingly, practice under its guidance represents fruitful revolutionary realism. Finally, advanced studies of international relations in this country cannot be separated from philosophical thinking. Using these arguments as background, this article specifically advocates materialism, patriotism, and service to the people as the corner-stone of China＇s IR theory building.     

Excavating Concealed Tradeoffs: How Russians Watch the News

Citizens in democracies are expected to make better decisions if they understand policy tradeoffs. However, politicians rarely have incentives to communicate them; citizens are uncomfortable choosing among valued outcomes; and devising a common metric is difficult. It is not surprising that in the United States the environment provides relatively little cuing or priming of tradeoffs in television news. Russian citizens, on the other hand, face a media environment in which tradeoff cuing is intentionally suppressed by owners' agendas, yet viewers detect concealed tradeoffs even in the absence of tradeoff priming and viewpoint diversity. Analysis of discourse among ordinary Russians in 16 focus groups convened in four cities, differentiated by political reform and media market environments, showed that when watching news in which tradeoffs are thoroughly concealed, viewers challenge stories by offering a broad spectrum of uncued tradeoffs. Tradeoffs come from diverse policy domains and represent a range of cognitive strategies, some of which are considerably more abstract than others and link elements of their observations and assumptions (together with what they can extract from the stories) into complex reasoning outcomes.     

The U.S. Global Strategy as Seen from the Debate in the Primary Election

There may be more than one year to go before the 2008 U.S. presidential election, but the primary election of the two parties has already begun ahead of time. Both the Democratic and Republican candidates for the     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

Constitution of the Chinese Associa tion for Interna tiona l Understa nding(Approved by the Plenary Session of the Eleventh Executive Council on April 2, 2014)

正Chapter I General Rules Article 1 The Chinese Association for International Understanding is a national non-governmental organization(NGO)in the People’s Republic of China.Article 2 The official name of the Association is"Zhong Guo Guo Ji Jiao Liu Xie Hui"in Chinese,or"Jiao Liu Xie Hui"for short.Its English translation is"Chinese Association for International Understanding",and abbreviated as"CAFIU".     

Guide to Authors

正Published by China Institute of International Studies,China International Studies is China’s first English-language journal on diplomacy and international politics for formal circulation.The magazine mainly publishes the latest research achievements of Chinese scholars and specialists on China’s diplomacy,international politics and international relations under such columns as China’s Diplomacy,International Relations,International Politics,International Security,Regional Issues and World Economy.     

My Journey to Artistic Peak

正I was born in a doctor’s family in a village in Heze,Shandong Province.Since the ancient times,Heze has been home to many painters and literature masters due to the influence of Confucianism.My grandfather and greatgrandfather were both good at calligraphy,not least to mention their medical skills.Even by now,senior people in our village still praise them for it.Both of them had deceased before I was born.     

Sidelights on Australian and New Zealand's Rotary Club Delegation's Visit to China

正At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),a 6-member Australian and New Zealand’s Rotary Club delegation visited China from September 23 to September 27.As a staff member of CAFIU,I had the honor to take part in the reception of the delegation throughout this trip.