猪戊型肝炎病毒ORF2 C-端主要抗原区的克隆及原核表达

为研究猪戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)ORF2C-端主要抗原区的原核表达产物是否具有抗原性,用PCR技术对猪戊型肝炎病毒ORF2C-端基因进行扩增,经克隆与序列分析,发现该基因片段编码289个氨基酸残基。将该目的片段连接到原核表达载体pET-28a(+)中,转化表达菌BL21(DE3),成功构建了重组质粒pET-HEV-ORF2-C,其重组菌于37℃、0.5mmol/L IPTG诱导表达4h后,菌体裂解物经SDS-PAGE分析,在分子质量约为34ku处出现一新蛋白带,与预期的目的蛋白分子质量相符。质谱鉴定表明,成功地表达了HEV-ORF2C-端蛋白。Western-blot和抗体效价检测分析结果表明该重组蛋白具有良好的抗原性。     

猪带绦虫缺氧诱导因子-1的原核表达和真核表达及其多克隆抗体的制备

为了表达猪带绦虫的缺氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1)并制备其特异性抗体,根据本课题组对猪带绦虫全基因组测序获得的HIF-1基因序列设计了1对特异性引物,以提取的猪带绦虫的总RNA为模板,通过RTPCR获得猪带绦虫HIF-1基因。将该基因定向克隆至原核表达载体pET-30a(+)中,将阳性质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,并用IPTG诱导表达,对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE分析。结果显示,获得了约为17.0ku的表达产物,与目的蛋白的大小相符。原核表达的蛋白纯化后免疫新西兰白兔,制备多克隆抗体,ELISA和Western-blot结果表明,制备的多克隆抗体有较高的抗体效价(1∶51 200)和抗原特异性。该基因又被定向克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1中进行了真核表达。结果成功构建了猪带绦虫HIF-1因子的原核表达系统和真核表达系统,并制备出其多克隆抗体,为进一步研究其功能奠定了基础。     

副猪嗜血杆菌Neu基因的克隆表达及表达产物的免疫原性

为研究副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)基因工程疫苗,以HPS5型毒株为模板,通过PCR扩增获得副猪嗜血杆菌神经氨酸酶(Neu)全基因,将其克隆至pMD18-T载体并对其进行测定和分析。结果表明,Neu全基因含一个2187bp的开放阅读框,编码一含729个氨基酸的蛋白,与Neu基因参考序列(登录号:NZ-ABKM01000006)的同源性为99.0%。以pMD-Neu基因为模板,重新设计引物,扩增得到HPSNeu蛋白的部分编码区,将其克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a(+)中,构建得到重组原核表达质粒pET-Neu。将pET-Neu在大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)中进行优化表达,经SDS-PAGE分析,重组蛋白Neu主要以包涵体形式表达,分子质量为52ku;Western-blot分析表明,重组蛋白Neu能与阳性血清发生特异性抗原反应。将纯化重组蛋白Neu试验性注射免疫昆明小鼠,攻毒试验结果显示,氢氧化铝佐剂组的保护性较低,仅有10%;而弗氏佐剂组具有较高的保护性,保护率高达60%。     

多头带绦虫黏着蛋白TmAdh1基因的克隆及原核表达

为研究多头带绦虫黏着蛋白TmAdh1的功能,利用PCR分别以多头带绦虫基因组DNA和cDNA为模板扩增TmAdh1的基因组序列和cDNA序列,并利用生物信息学软件对该基因进行预测分析。将TmAdh1基因片段连接至原核表达载体pGEX4T-1进行原核表达,并利用Western-blot分析该蛋白的抗原性。结果显示,TmAdh1的基因组序列长1 848bp,由2个内含子和3个外显子组成,其开放阅读框的长度为402bp,编码133个氨基酸残基。预测分析表明,TmAdh1蛋白含有1个N端信号肽序列、1个纤连蛋白三型(FnⅢ)结构域、1个糖基化位点和8个线性B细胞抗原表位。在原核系统成功表达了约40ku的重组蛋白TmAdh1,用其免疫小鼠制备超免疫血清。Western-blot试验表明,重组蛋白TmAdh1可以与免疫小鼠血清反应。以上研究结果表明,多头带绦虫TmAdh1基因是带科绦虫宿主保护性抗原的同源基因,可作为脑多头蚴病疫苗的候选分子。     

猪带绦虫烯醇化酶基因的原核表达及鉴定

为了探索猪带绦虫烯醇化酶基因的生物学功能,以猪带绦虫幼虫cDNA为模板,PCR扩增获得烯醇化酶基因的ORF,并将其克隆至原核表达载体pET-30a(+),构建重组表达质粒。经IPTG诱导表达后,纯化表达产物,采用免疫印迹法分析表达产物的免疫反应性,并测定它与纤溶酶原的结合特性及酶活力。结果显示,该基因的ORF大小为1 302bp,表达大小约为53ku的重组蛋白;表达产物可被猪囊尾蚴病阳性血清识别;该重组蛋白具有纤溶酶原结合特性及酶活力。据此推测,猪带绦虫烯醇化酶可能在寄生虫入侵宿主过程中发挥作用,有作为药物靶标或疫苗候选分子的潜力。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S基因A抗原位点序列的克隆与原核表达

将RT-PCR扩增的猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)S基因A抗原位点目的片段克隆、双酶切后连接于表达载体,经酶切、PCR和测序鉴定的阳性重组质粒转化BL21(DE3),用IPTG诱导,进行SDS-PAGE和Western-blotting分析,确定目的蛋白的原核表达情况和免疫特异性。结果显示,目的片段的大小为534bp,序列分析表明,该基因与其他TGEV相应基因具有很高的同源性;Western-blotting检测可见分子质量约43 ku的融合蛋白条带,表明,该蛋白具有良好的反应原性。     

猪圆环病毒2型ORF4基因编码蛋白的体外表达

为了探讨猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)ORF4基因结构及其所编码蛋白在PK15细胞中的表达特性,以PCV-2杭州株病毒DNA为模板进行PCR,结果扩增出了ORF4基因,并分别构建了pGEX-4T-1-ORF4原核表达载体和pEGFP-C2-ORF4真核表达载体.序列分析、SDS-PAGE分析和Western-blot检测表明,PCV-2 ORF4基因长180 bp,共编码60个氨基酸;其编码蛋白在大肠杆菌中以包涵体形式存在,分子质量大小约为6.685 ku.真核PK15细胞的转染试验显示,ORF4重组蛋白在PK15细胞的细胞核和细胞浆中均有表达,但对其有一定的毒性.     

牦牛hepcidin基因编码区的克隆和原核表达

采用RT-PCR从牦牛肝中扩增到了hepcidin基因,将其克隆至pGEM-T载体,转化DH5α感受态细胞,获得了阳性重组质粒,牦牛hepcidin基因编码区长289 bp,编码82个氨基酸(GenBank:EU863791);与黄牛相比,牦牛hepcidin基因编码区序列存在1个碱基的变异,但未引起氨基酸的改变;将牦牛hepcidin基因编码区连接至pGEX-4T-1表达载体,成功构建了原核表达栽体pGEX-4T-hepcidin;IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE电泳显示,35 ku处有特异性蛋白条带,表明牦牛hepcidin抗菌肽基因成功实现了原核表达.     

小反刍兽疫病毒H和F蛋白多抗原表位的表达及其反应原性

将通过计算机软件预测并通过间接ELISA检测确定的小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)H、F蛋白的10个B细胞抗原表位串联,再加上一个外源通用T细胞表位,表位之间用甘氨酸间隔,人工合成一条多抗原表位编码基因序列,将其插入原核表达载体pET30a(+),转化BL21(DE3)诱导表达。结果获得分子质量为19 ku的表达蛋白,该蛋白可与PPRV感染阳性血清发生特异性免疫反应。结果表明人工合成的PPRV多抗原表位编码基因可以在原核表达系统中表达,表达产物具有反应原性,这为研究PPRV抗原表位疫苗奠定了基础。     

牛带绦虫8ku蛋白基因家族cDNA的克隆和序列分析

根据带科绦虫8ku蛋白基因序列设计引物,采用RT-PCR方法对牛带绦虫六钩蚴总RNA进行扩增,扩增产物经胶回收试剂盒纯化,与pGEM-T Easy载体连接,转化大肠杆菌JM109感受态细胞,筛选含有阳性重组DNA的克隆,对阳性克隆进行测序。使用DNAStar和MAGE 4生物学软件对基因克隆进行序列分析和进化树分析。结果显示,成功克隆了5种牛带绦虫8ku蛋白基因家族新成员,cDNA序列完整开放阅读框的大小为258bp,TSA8ku-1cDNA为优势克隆。序列同源性分析表明,各cDNA克隆氨基酸序列之间的差异性为1.2%～14.2%,与猪带绦虫诊断抗原TsRS1群(组)成员同源,相似性为85.9%～88.9%。由此可以推测,克隆的5种8ku蛋白基因家族成员可能是牛带绦虫病的重要诊断抗原候选基因。     

China＇s Rise vs. International Order Evolution

A heated debate over the rise of China has been going on unabated in the international community for nearly two decades. However, with the elapse of time, the initial divergence of views in the mainstream opinion has gradually diminished and the gap in China policy among nations has likewise narrowed down. Instead, reason and a realistic approach have eventually taken center stare.     

The U. S. Policy toward DPRK: Opportunities and Constraints

布什政府上台以来,始终未能阻止朝鲜拥核步伐.朝核试后,美对朝政策有了新的调整,六方会谈得以复会.但美朝双方受各自国家利益和政策目标的限制,在朝鲜半岛无核化问题上的尖锐分歧难以解决,朝核危机仍存在再度升级的可能.     

Marxist Philosophy vs. International Relations Research in China

This article argues for the confirmation of Marxist philosophy as the ideology that guides international relations （IR） studies in China. Justification comes through the following points. According to Marxism, correct theoretical guidance serves as the prerequisite for correct practice. Marxist philosophy embodies, by nature, righteousness, in opposition to political hegemony. Accordingly, practice under its guidance represents fruitful revolutionary realism. Finally, advanced studies of international relations in this country cannot be separated from philosophical thinking. Using these arguments as background, this article specifically advocates materialism, patriotism, and service to the people as the corner-stone of China＇s IR theory building.     

Excavating Concealed Tradeoffs: How Russians Watch the News

Citizens in democracies are expected to make better decisions if they understand policy tradeoffs. However, politicians rarely have incentives to communicate them; citizens are uncomfortable choosing among valued outcomes; and devising a common metric is difficult. It is not surprising that in the United States the environment provides relatively little cuing or priming of tradeoffs in television news. Russian citizens, on the other hand, face a media environment in which tradeoff cuing is intentionally suppressed by owners' agendas, yet viewers detect concealed tradeoffs even in the absence of tradeoff priming and viewpoint diversity. Analysis of discourse among ordinary Russians in 16 focus groups convened in four cities, differentiated by political reform and media market environments, showed that when watching news in which tradeoffs are thoroughly concealed, viewers challenge stories by offering a broad spectrum of uncued tradeoffs. Tradeoffs come from diverse policy domains and represent a range of cognitive strategies, some of which are considerably more abstract than others and link elements of their observations and assumptions (together with what they can extract from the stories) into complex reasoning outcomes.     

The U.S. Global Strategy as Seen from the Debate in the Primary Election

There may be more than one year to go before the 2008 U.S. presidential election, but the primary election of the two parties has already begun ahead of time. Both the Democratic and Republican candidates for the     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

Constitution of the Chinese Associa tion for Interna tiona l Understa nding(Approved by the Plenary Session of the Eleventh Executive Council on April 2, 2014)

正Chapter I General Rules Article 1 The Chinese Association for International Understanding is a national non-governmental organization(NGO)in the People’s Republic of China.Article 2 The official name of the Association is"Zhong Guo Guo Ji Jiao Liu Xie Hui"in Chinese,or"Jiao Liu Xie Hui"for short.Its English translation is"Chinese Association for International Understanding",and abbreviated as"CAFIU".     

Guide to Authors

正Published by China Institute of International Studies,China International Studies is China’s first English-language journal on diplomacy and international politics for formal circulation.The magazine mainly publishes the latest research achievements of Chinese scholars and specialists on China’s diplomacy,international politics and international relations under such columns as China’s Diplomacy,International Relations,International Politics,International Security,Regional Issues and World Economy.     

My Journey to Artistic Peak

正I was born in a doctor’s family in a village in Heze,Shandong Province.Since the ancient times,Heze has been home to many painters and literature masters due to the influence of Confucianism.My grandfather and greatgrandfather were both good at calligraphy,not least to mention their medical skills.Even by now,senior people in our village still praise them for it.Both of them had deceased before I was born.     

Sidelights on Australian and New Zealand's Rotary Club Delegation's Visit to China

正At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),a 6-member Australian and New Zealand’s Rotary Club delegation visited China from September 23 to September 27.As a staff member of CAFIU,I had the honor to take part in the reception of the delegation throughout this trip.