固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法检验人血浆中的右美托咪定

目的采用固相萃取结合气相色谱-质谱法(SPE-GC/MS)检验人血浆中盐酸右美托咪定。方法采用SPE提取血浆,用GC-MS/MS方法测定。结果盐酸右美托咪定在0.2μg/m L~5.0μg/m L范围内与峰面积呈现良好的线性关系(r2=0.999 1),检出限为20.0ng/m L,回收率为86.1%~91.5%,日内日间精密度均小于7.86%。结论本方法操作简单,结果准确,可以作为测定人血浆中右美托咪定的方法。     

UPLC-MS/MS检测人血中18种有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药

目的建立人血中18种有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药超高压液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)的检测方法。方法血液中加入乙腈沉淀蛋白,采用Waters BEH C18(1.7μm 2.1×50mm)柱子,流动相为5mmol/L乙酸铵水-甲醇,流速:0.3m L/min;进样量:2μL,电喷雾离子源(ESI),正离子检测,采用多反应监测方式进行定量分析。结果药物最小检测限(LOD)在0.1~40ng/m L之间,定量限(LOQ)在0.5~50ng/m L之间,各药物浓度在定量限到500ng/m L范围内线性良好,回收率均在64.3%~111.9%之间,相对标准偏差为3.9%~10.3%。结论该方法专属性强、灵敏、准确,可以适用于法庭与临床毒物分析。     

基于上转换发光技术的尿液中吗啡及甲基苯丙胺快速定量检测方法研究

目的利用上转换发光免疫层析技术(UPT-LF)建立一种尿液中吗啡(MOP)及甲基苯丙胺(MET)快速定量检测方法并对其进行系统评价。方法以上转换发光纳米颗粒(UCP-NPs)作为生物示踪物,竞争模式免疫层析作为检测平台,建立可对尿液中MOP及MET进行定量检测的UPT-LF,即MOP-UPT-LF、MET-UPT-LF。以MOP-UPT-LF为代表,评价UPT-LF对痕量毒品检测极限,通过系列浓度标准品测定,评价定量检测能力。根据常规检测阈值,调整MOP-UPT-LF及MET-UPT-LF检测敏感性及线性范围,并评价其定量检测能力。以LC-MS、GC-MS分别作为MOP、MET检测的金标准,以胶体金免疫层析作为对照,对执法现场收集尿样进行检测,确定UPT-LF定性检测性能。对系列浓度MOP模拟阳性样本同时进行LC-MS及MOP-UPT-LF定量检测,对系列浓度MET模拟阳性样本同时进行GC-MS及MET-UPT-LF定量检测,评价UPT-LF定量检测性能。结果在痕量检测条件下,MOP-UPT-LF敏感性可达1ng/m L,线性范围为1~5000ng/m L(r=-0.98172,P<0.0005)。在常规检测条件下,MOP-UPT-LF敏感性为50ng/m L,线性范围调整为50~3000ng/m L(r=-0.98464,P<0.0005);MET-UPT-LF敏感性为100ng/m L,线性范围为100~5000ng/m L(r=-0.99964,P<0.0005)。就定性检测而言,MOP-UPT-LF及MET-UPT-LF均较优,灵敏度及特异度均为100%,与胶体金结果一致。就定量检测而言MOP-UPT-LF及MET-UPT-LF与定量确证方法LC-MS及GC-MS无显著差异。结论本研究建立MOP-UPT-LF、MET-UPT-LF方法,在满足快筛试剂快速简便的基础上,进一步实现了现场快速定量检测,为尿液中毒品的现场快速定量检测提供了技术保障。     

血液中硫化氢的LC-MS/MS法检验

目的 建立一种用于测定血液中硫化氢的方法,并将其应用于实际案例中。方法 取0.2 mL血液样品,并加入0.8 mL饱和硼砂溶液进行稀释。在试管中取1 mL含有0.1%甲酸的乙腈溶液,依次加入0.1 mL稀释液和0.1m L 1%三嗪水溶液。混合均匀后,静置30 min。之后,通过离心和膜过滤,样品供LC-MS/MS分析。结果 在10～2 000 ng/mL浓度范围内,硫化氢呈良好的线性关系,R²为0.998 5。检出限为5 ng/mL,定量下限为10 ng/mL。在3例硫化氢中毒案例中,检测出3名死者血液中存在硫离子,浓度在0.17～0.56μg/m L之间。结论 本研究首次建立了用于测定血液中硫化氢的LC-MS/MS方法,可满足硫化氢中毒案件的检测需求。     

超高效液相色谱-MS/MS法测定血中11种苯丙胺类物质

目的应用超高效液相色谱-质谱法对全血中11种苯丙胺类毒品进行定量测定。方法全血样品经1%(v/v)甲酸-乙腈提取,采用Ostra磷脂过滤板净化处理,使用ACQUITY UPLC BEH Phenyl(100mm×2.1mm,1.7μm)色谱柱,以0.3%(v/v)甲酸溶液-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱。在多反应监测模式下测定全血样本中苯丙胺、甲基苯丙胺、二亚甲基双氧苯丙胺、替苯丙胺、3,4-亚甲基二氧基乙基苯丙胺、N-甲基-1-(3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基)-2-丁胺、副甲氧基甲基苯丙胺、麻黄碱、甲基麻黄碱、卡西酮、甲卡西酮,并进行方法学考察。结果 11种苯丙胺类物质的检出限(S/N≥3)为0.01~0.4ng/m L,在0.5~50μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r0.999);回收率在75.8%~103.4%之间,相对标准偏差在1.6%~13.0%之间。结论本文建立的超高效液相色谱-质谱法快速、简便、灵敏,适用于中毒案件检验及吸毒人员排查。     

GC-MS分析尿液中甲卡西酮

目的建立尿液中甲卡西酮的气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)分析方法。方法在尿液中加入内标双苯戊二氨酯(SKF525A)和pH=9的缓冲溶液,用乙酸乙酯提取,提取液在50℃氮气流下挥干,残余物用甲醇溶解,用GC-MS分析。结果尿液中甲卡西酮在0.02~2.00μg/m L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,线性方程为y=0.301 9 x+0.018 9(r=0.999 2),检出限为0.01μg/m L。尿液中甲卡西酮回收率为96.4%~99.2%,日内精密度为5.8%~7.6%,日间精密度为6.0%~8.1%。结论该方法操作简便、灵敏度高,可用于司法鉴定实践尿液样品中甲卡西酮的分析。     

超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法测定生物检材中乌头碱

目的建立一种简单、快速测定生物检材(血液、尿液、胃内容物)乌头碱的超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法。方法样品采用乙腈沉淀处理。色谱柱为UPLC C18(2.1mm×50mm,1.7μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸,梯度洗脱,流速为0.4m L/min,柱温40℃。采用ESI离子源,MRM模式检测。结果乌头碱在血液0.5~500ng/m L,尿液1~1000ng/m L浓度范围内线性良好(r>0.995)。乌头碱方法回收率在91.3%~110.2%之间;提取回收率在72.8%~83.5%之间;日内、日间RSD均小于14%。结论本方法简单、快速检测生物检材中乌头碱。     

液液萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定常见食用植物油中5种鸦片生物碱

目的建立酸化甲醇(pH=3)液液萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定常见食用植物油中5种鸦片生物碱吗啡、可待因、蒂巴因、罂粟碱、那可汀的检验方法。方法样品加入正己烷摇匀后用酸化甲醇(pH=3)提取,BEH C18色谱柱分离,乙腈(0.01%甲酸)-水(0.01%甲酸+0.05%氨水,体积比)梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源正离子(ESI+)及多反应监测模式检测。结果结果显示5种待测成分在0.5~300ng/g范围内线性关系良好;方法检出限(S/N=3)在0.1~2ng/g间、定量限(S/N=10)在0.5~3ng/g间;回收率(20ng/g,200ng/g)在82.0%~101.4%间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1.4%~4.2%,基质效应(20ng/g,200ng/g)在-5.3%~5.8%间,日间精密度为2.8%~6.7%。结论本方法前处理简单、耗时短,溶剂使用量少,灵敏度高,适合大批量常见食用植物油中5种鸦片生物碱的同时检测。     

SPME-GC-MS法快速检测尿液中的甲基苯丙胺

目的建立SPME-GC-MS快速检测吸毒人员尿液中的甲基苯丙胺的方法。方法以SPME法提取尿液中的甲基苯丙胺,以1-萘胺作内标,用GC-MS法检测。结果在2～2000ng/mL的范围内呈线性关系(r=0.9985,n=7),甲基苯丙胺的检测限为0.5ng/mL(信噪比3),在低、中、高(200、500、1000ng/mL)浓度的平均相对回收率为102.6%、98.5%、93.2%,日内及日间RSD分别小于8.1%、7.2%。结论用此方法检测尿液中的甲基苯丙胺,灵敏度高,简单快速,易操作,适用于吸毒人员的快速定性定量检测。     

生物样品中去痛片4种成分及其8种代谢物的GC-MS/MS法检测

目的建立固相支撑液液萃取(supported liquid-liquid extraction,SLE),GC-MS/MS法同时测定生物样品中去痛片4种成分及其8种代谢物的方法,为去痛片相关案件的法医学鉴定提供依据。方法采用SLE萃取,GC-MS/MS检测,MRM记录方式,利用保留时间和离子对比例定性,内标法和工作曲线法定量,建立血液和组织中去痛片及其代谢物的GC-MS/MS检测方法。结果经SLE萃取,GC-MS/MS法同时检测大鼠血和组织中去痛片及其代谢物,萃取率为37.57%~95.87%,检测线性范围为0.12μg/m L~16.00μg/m L,相关系数(r)为0.989 6~0.999 7,LOD为0.23ng/m L~14.48ng/m L,检测准确度为79.63%~122.90%,日内和日间精密度分别为0.99%~7.43%和2.19%~10.6%。结论 SLE萃取、GC-MS/MS法可检测生物样品中去痛片成分及其代谢物,具有快速、简便、准确度和精密度高的特点,可应用于去痛片相关案件的法医学鉴定。     

全血中氯霉素的固相萃取方法

目的建立全血中氯霉素的固相萃取方法。方法在空白血中添加标准氯毒素,采用HLB、MCX固相柱萃取,HPLC法测定了线性范围、精密度、回收率。结果回收率分别为：HLB为69.1%,RSD为6.21%,MCX为70.1%,RSD为4.34%。标准工作曲线Y=18.1094X-0.4822,相关系数r=0.9999,线性范围1.0-20.0ug/L,最小检出量3ng。标准添加工作曲线Y=-2.1165X＋14.0459,相关系数r=0.9996,最小检出限0.5μg/mL（S/N=10∶1）。结论此二种萃取柱均可用于氯霉素的固相萃取。     

固相萃取HPLC/MS法测定血中氯硝安定

目的建立测定人血中氯硝安定的HPLC/MS定性、定量方法。方法在血液中添加氯硝安定,采用固相萃取、HPLC法分离、LC/MS法定性、定量。结果标准氯硝安定LC/MS法的工作曲线在0.5~500ng时为Y=0.655×103X+2.15×103,相关系数r=0.9981,最小检出限为0.5ng/m l。结论采用pH8.0的磷酸盐缓冲液进行稀释、C18柱固相萃取氯硝安定回收率较高,优化后固定的LC/MS检测方法简便、快速、准确,适合办案需要。     

GC-MC法测定血液中丙泊酚

目的 建立血液中丙泊酚的气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析方法.方法 血液以2,4-二甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚为内标,用乙醚进行液液萃取,离心后取有机层,水浴下挥干,GC-MS检测.结果 血液中丙泊酚与内标分离良好,在0.02～10 μg/mL范围内线性良好,线性方程为y=0.3136 x-0.0068,相关系数为0.9...     

HS-SPME-GC/MS联用法测定生物检材中的百草枯

目的建立检测生物检材中百草枯的顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用（HS-SPME-GC/MS）的分析方法。方法尿样中加乙基百草枯作为内标,在氯化镍作催化剂的条件下,用硼氢化钠在碱性条件下进行还原,HS-SPME萃取,提取物经GC/MS分析。全血需先离心,沉淀血细胞提取上清液,再用甲醇沉淀蛋白。最终得到的上清液加内标乙基百草枯,以下操作同尿样。结果尿样和血样中的百草枯的还原产物在1.0μg/mL~100μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,回归方程分别为y=0.0957x-0.0163,r=0.9974（n=6）;y=0.1096x＋0.0871,r=0.9964（n=6）。尿样、血样低、中、高三个质量浓度,RSD值均小于7%。回收率分别为尿样85.49%~100.83%,血样94.72%~99.68%。结论本法操作简便易行、灵敏度高、快速准确。为检测生物检材中的百草枯提供了有效的方法。     

Evaluation of the One-Step ELISA kit for the detection of buprenorphine in urine, blood, and hair specimens

A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay involving microtiter plates was recently proposed by International Diagnostic Systems corporation (IDS) to screen for buprenorphine in human serum. The performance of the kit led us to investigate its applicability in other biological matrices such as urine or blood, and also hair specimens. Low concentrations of buprenorphine were detected with the ELISA test and confirmed by HPLC/MS (buprenorphine concentrations measured by HPLC/MS: 0.3 ng/mL in urine, 0.2 ng/mL in blood, and 40 pg/mg in hair). The intra-assay precision values were 8.7% at 1 ng/mL of urine (n = 8), 11.5% at 2 ng/mL in serum (n = 8), and 11.5% at 250 pg/mg of hair (n = 8), respectively. The immunoassay had no cross-reactivity with dihydrocodeine, ethylmorphine, 6-monoacetylmorphine, pholcodine, propoxyphene, dextromoramide, dextrometorphan at 1 and 10 mg/L, or codeine, morphine, methadone, and its metabolite EDDP. A 1% cross-reactivity was measured for a norbuprenorphine concentration of 50 ng/mL. Finally, the immunoassay was validated by comparing authentic specimens results with those of a validated HPLC/MS method. From the 136 urine samples tested, 93 were positive (68.4%) after the ELISA screening test (cutoff: 0.5 ng/mL) and confirmed by HPLC/MS (buprenorphine concentrations: 0.3-2036 ng/mL). From the 108 blood or serum samples screened, 27 were positive (25%) after the ELISA test with a cutoff value of 0.5 ng/mL (buprenorphine concentrations: 0.2-13.3 ng/mL). Eighteen hair specimens were positive (72%) after the screening (cutoff: 10 pg/mg) and confirmed by LC/MS (buprenorphine concentrations: 40-360 pg/mg). The ELISA method produced false positive results in less than 21% of the cases, but no false negative results were observed with the immunological test. Four potential adulterants (hypochloride 50 mL/L, sodium nitrite 50 g/L, liquid soap 50 mL/L, and sodium chloride 50 g/L) that were added to 10 positive urine specimens (buprenorphine concentrations in the range 5.3-15.6 ng/mL), did not cause a false negative response by the immunoassay.     

HPLC-MS/MS法检测血液中甲卡西酮及其代谢物

目的建立同时检测血液中新精神活性物质甲卡西酮及其代谢物卡西酮、麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱含量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法,验证甲卡西酮在大鼠体内的代谢物。方法血液样品中加入内标物甲卡西酮-D3,经甲醇提取后采用InfinityLab Poroshell 120 Chiral-V型色谱柱分离,以甲醇和乙腈混合流动相恒比洗脱,采用电喷雾离子源多反应监测模式,检测腹腔注射染毒大鼠血液中甲卡西酮及其代谢物。结果血中甲卡西酮及其代谢物10~1000ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999),检出限均小于2ng/mL,定量限为10ng/mL,方法准确度为87.06%~112.62%,批间及批内精密度均小于15%;腹腔注射染毒大鼠血中检出甲卡西酮、卡西酮、麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱。结论本研究建立了血液中甲卡西酮及其代谢物的HPLC-MS/MS定性、定量检测方法,初步验证卡西酮、麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱为甲卡西酮的代谢物。     

Determination of bromadiolone in whole blood by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

A rapid, sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method (HPLC/MS-MS) has been developed and validated for the determination of bromadiolone in whole blood using warfarin as an internal standard (IS). Bromadiolone was extracted from the whole blood samples by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) was used to detect bromadiolone and IS, using precursor --> product ion combinations at m/z 527 --> 465 and 307 --> 161, respectively. The calibration curve was linear (r2=0.998) in the concentration range of 0.5-100.0 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 0.5 ng/mL in whole blood. Intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations (R.S.D.s) were less than 7.5 and 11.9%, respectively. Recoveries of bromadiolone ranged from 82.1 to 85.2%. This method is found to be determined trace bromadiolone in whole blood and can be used in the diagnosis of the poisoned human beings.     

Analysis of hair after contamination with blood containing 6-acetylmorphine and blood containing morphine

The study was carried out to investigate external contamination of hair by blood in heroin-related post-mortem cases. Solutions were prepared containing 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 3.0μg/mL of 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-AM) only or morphine only in human blood. Samples of approximately 3.2g of drug-free hair were contaminated by soaking in the blood solutions for 5min. They were then removed and left at room temperature. Approximately 0.5g of hair was collected from each of the blood soaked hair samples at 6h, 1, 2, 4 and 7 days after contamination. As each hair sample was collected it was shampoo-washed to prevent further drug absorption. Hair samples were analysed in triplicate using a fully validated method described previously. 6-AM broke down to morphine in all samples. In hair contaminated with blood containing 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2μg/mL 6-AM or morphine drug was either not detected or was detected below the limit of quantitation (0.2ng/mg hair) at all contamination times. In hair contaminated with blood spiked with 0.5μg/mL morphine, the concentration in hair ranged from 0.54 to 0.91ng/mg and in hair contaminated with blood spiked with 3.0μg/mL, from 3.25 to 5.77ng/mg. The concentrations of 6-AM ranged from 0.65 to 1.11ng/mg and morphine from 0.34 to 0.80ng/mg in hair contaminated with 0.5μg/mL 6-AM in blood. 6-AM ranged from 2.12 to 3.67ng/mg and morphine from 0.84 to 2.05ng/mg in hair contaminated with 3μg/mL 6-AM in blood. For 6-AM and morphine ANOVA statistical evaluation showed no significant difference among the concentrations over time.