依佛灭克治疗犬蠕形螨病

笔者近年来收治了患蠕形螨病的犬12例,经皮下注射依佛灭克(Ivomec)而治愈。病原检查 用去刃手术刀片沾上甘油在皮肤病变部和健康部交界处刮取皮屑,置显微镜下检查,发现大量的形似蠕虫的蠕形螨(D.canis),包括各发育阶段的成虫、若虫、幼虫及卵,测量其大小(各测5个虫体)平均为:雄虫长220.6～250.3μm宽40.6～45μm;雌虫长231.2～302.6μm,宽44.3～46.2μm,头胸部有四对粗而短的足,腹部呈长椭圆形,有横断的条纹。若虫形态与成虫相似,大小为161.3×34.8μm,具有4对短足。幼虫呈梭形,具有3对足,大小为120.7×25.1μm。卵呈纺锤形,大小为82.3×26.7μm。     

多头带绦虫四川株的生物学特性

通过对2只试验犬在人工感染脑多头蚴后节片排出情况和对随机选取的50个孕卵节片内虫卵数量与大小的观察,以及用终浓度为10g/L次氯酸钠溶液,在显微镜下对虫卵孵化过程的观察,期望能为动物脑包虫病预防措施的制定以及进一步开展该虫的相关研究奠定基础。结果显示,2只试验犬分别在感染后的第45、50d开始排出节片且试验犬体内孕卵节片排出的持续时间分别为142d和54d,每日排节片数最高可达64片;孕卵节片内虫卵数最少约为780枚,最多约为16 035枚,平均为5 278.800±3 696.769枚,虫卵数量主要集中在2 000～6 000范围内,共占总节片数的52%;虫卵大小为(33.74±2.71)μm×(32.33±2.09)μm;虫卵的整个孵化过程大致需要4～5min,且随着孵化时间的延长虫卵原有的外形和整个胚膜结构消失,可见透明的六钩蚴。     

几种杀虫药对熊猫足螨杀灭效果的比较试验

大熊猫Ailuropoda melanoleuca是世界闻名的珍稀动物。1975年法国学者Fain和Leclerc首先在我国北京动物园赠送给法国巴黎动物园的大熊猫体表发现有足螨Chorioptes寄生,鉴定后命名为熊猫足螨Chorioptes panda Fain et Leclerc,1975。并对雌虫和雄虫作了形态描述。国内有关这方面的报道尚属少见。上海动物园展览区的大熊猫金金,雄性,21岁。今年以来皮肤剧痒,脱毛严重,尤以前胸部为甚。经采病料镜检,发现大量各发育阶段的熊猫足螨(图1～2,见封三)。为了寻求安全、有效的治疗药物,1983年9月1日至9月6日,我们在实验室做了几种杀虫药物对熊猫足螨杀灭效果的比较试验,筛选出灭螨效果好、触杀速度快的去螨乳剂用于临床,取得了满意的效果。     

中药注射剂乳源康有效成分含量的高效液相色谱测定

以隐丹参酮为标示物,用Waters 486 型高效液相系统,Kromasil C18(5μm)4.6 mm×250 mm色谱柱对中药注射剂乳源康含量进行了测定。结果表明,以峰高(H)对药物浓度(C)进行回归,求得标准曲线C=0.000 5 H-0.983 5,线性相关系数 R2=0.998 9。证实所建立的 HPLC方法在产品含量范围内测定性好,准确率高,便于操作,对乳源康的含量测定和产品质量控制具有重要意义。     

大鼠单次静注和口服赭曲霉毒素A的毒代动力学研究

旨在考察大鼠单剂量静注和经口染毒赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A,OTA)的血浆毒代动力学特征。选用16只健康雌性SD大鼠,随机分成2组,分别通过单剂量静注(i.v.)和经口(p.o.)染毒OTA(剂量为0.5 mg/kg),血液采样时间点为染毒后第0、0.25、0.5、1、1.5、2、3、4、6、8、12和24小时,之后每24 h采样1次直到720 h。采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定血浆样品OTA的质量浓度,用WinNonlin 5.2.1软件对血浆OTA浓度-时间数据进行非房室模型分析,计算OTA的毒代动力学参数。结果表明,静注染毒:血浆OTA浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC_(0→+∞))为(369.25±40.67)μg·m L~(-1)·h,消除半衰期(t_(1/2β))为(50.06±5.74) h,表观分布容积(Vd)为(0.10±0.01) L/kg,体清除率(Cl_B)为(1.39±0.1) m L/(h·kg),平均滞留时间(MRT)为(109.83±7.49) h,稳态分布容积(Vss)为(0.15±0.01) L/kg。经口染毒:达峰时间为(2.38±0.70) h,峰浓度为(3.57±0.13)μg/m L,AUC_(0→+∞)为(172.53±31.30)μg·m Lμ·h,t_(1/2β)为(51.65±3.82) h,Vd/F为(0.22±0.04)L/kg,Cl_B/F为(3.00±0.50) m L/(h·kg),MRT为(105.36±19.75) h,V_(ss)/F为(0.31±0.04) L/kg。SD大鼠经口染毒OTA的生物利用度为46.72%。经口染毒后,OTA可以被大鼠有效吸收、分布广泛且消除较慢。     

倍特治疗大熊猫螨病

笔者采用法国罗素·优克福(ROUSSEL-UCLAF)公司生产的倍特(Butox)对大熊猫的痒螨(Chorioptes auliropodis)、大熊猫足螨(Chorioptes panda,亦称大熊猫皮螨)和大熊猫蠕形螨(Demodex panda)进行试验性治疗,获得满意的疗效。     

miR-275在长角血蜱不同发育阶段及组织中表达的动态变化

根据本实验室建立的高通量测序数据库中长角血蜱miR-275的成熟体序列信息,设计出特异性茎环引物及PCR扩增引物,同时以长角血蜱β-actin基因(GenBank登录号:AY254898)为内参基因,绘制标准曲线,计算长角血蜱miR-275的标准拷贝数,采用GraphPad Prism 5软件分析miR-275在长角血蜱不同发育时期及不同组织中的表达情况。结果显示,长角血蜱miR-275和β-actin标准曲线的回归系数均大于0.99,熔解曲线峰值单一,Ct值的变异率均小于5%,表明引物特异性好,标准曲线重复性和稳定性高。用real-time PCR方法对miR-275在长角血蜱卵的不同发育时期、蜱不同发育阶段及不同组织中的表达情况进行分析。结果显示,miR-275在长角血蜱卵发育到第16天的拷贝数最大,为(13.07±1.63)×106 copies/μL,是表达量最低的第5天的43.57倍;在饱血成蜱中拷贝数最多,为(18.95±1.55)×106 copies/μL,是饥饿成蜱的236.88倍;长角血蜱卵巢中拷贝数是最高的,为(15.29±3.59)×106 copies/μL,是表皮表达量的10.47倍。结果表明,miR-275在长角血蜱卵的发育、细胞增殖、组织分化等过程中可能起到了至关重要的作用。     

在黄牛和牦牛血液中发现泰勒疏螺旋体

1986年我们在乌鞘岭原天祝县城附近购买了数头试验牛,有黄牛和牦牛。在试验前的健康检查过程中,发现有些牛体温高于正常牛只(39.5℃左右),血液稀薄,红细胞数低于正常值,而白细胞数却偏高。后经姬姆萨染色的血液涂片检查,发现这些牛只都带有泰勒疏螺旋体(Borrelia thei-leri)。泰勒疏螺旋体寄生于血液中,其形态线状、细长、弯曲,有的弯曲如波浪状,有的呈螺旋状,有的似卷发状。在涂片中观察到的大多数是单个的,有时可见到两条或数条搅在一起。长短相差悬殊,根据对100条螺旋体的量度,其大小范围为5～25μm,平均为11.66μm(自然长度)。弯曲数为2～22(个),平均为10.1(个)。波峰之间的距离为16.7～3.5μm,平均为2.27μm。     

异育银鲫致病性鲍曼不动杆菌的鉴定和系统发育分析

从濒死的异育银鲫肝中分离到1株革兰阴性菌(YCS07-04株),经人工注射感染,5×106CFU/mL剂量组异育银鲫表现较强的致病性,感染第14 d死亡率为100%.YCS07-04菌株的主要生化特性为氧化酶阴性,氧化型,接触酶阳性,无运动力,VP试验阳性,利用柠檬酸盐作碳源;在普通琼脂和麦康凯琼脂中生长良好,在SS琼脂培养基中不生长.经负染电镜观察,菌株为末端圆形的短杆状,偶尔可见不规则丝状体,大小(短径×长径)为1.0～1.5μm×1.5～2.5μm,无芽孢、荚膜和鞭毛,表面凹凸不平,静止期呈球形.16 S rRNA基因序列的测序结果为1 343 bp(登录号EU733247),与鲍曼不动杆菌的同源性为99.0%,系统发育分析结果与ATCC 19606T(登录号为Z93435)聚为一个分支,与鲍曼不动杆菌属同一类群.YCS07-04菌株经培养特征、形态、生理生化特性和系统发育分析等鉴定为鲍曼不动杆菌.     

西农萨能奶山羊先天性生殖器官畸形的形态学研究

通过对33只西农萨能奶山羊先天性生殖器官畸形的形态学观察,可分为五种类型。①大阴蒂真间性:占6.1％(2/33),似雌性,但阴蒂较大。性腺为双侧或单侧卵睾,位于腹腔内,无生殖细胞形成。青年羊中首次发观一例卵巢颗粒细胞瘤,有雌、雄两性生殖器,雌性管发育较好,雄性管则发育很差。精囊腺小,发育不良或缺乏,无前列腺和尿道球腺,无角。②大阴蒂雄性假间性:占45.4％(15/33),似雌性,但阴蒂一般较大。性腺为睾丸,位于腹腔或腹股沟管,无精子形成。青年羊中首次发现一例睾丸间质细胞瘤,雌、雄两性管道和精囊腺均发育不良,个体间程度不同。无前列腺和尿道球腺,无角。③短阴茎雄性假间性:占30.3％(10/33),似雄性,但阴茎短,偶见尿道下裂。性腺为睾丸,位于腹股沟管或小阴囊内,无精子形成。雌、雄两性生殖管中,雄性管发育较好,雌性管一般后段退化,有三种雄性副性腺。其中精囊腺发育较好,无角。④小睾丸性逆转间性:占12.1％(4/33),颇似正常雄性,唯睾丸及阴囊小,阴茎稍短,无精子形成,有角或无角。⑤隐睾睾丸发育不良:占6.1％(2/33),为单侧隐睾公羊,腹腔内睾丸无精子形成。其余生殖器官均正常,有角或无角。     

China＇s Rise vs. International Order Evolution

A heated debate over the rise of China has been going on unabated in the international community for nearly two decades. However, with the elapse of time, the initial divergence of views in the mainstream opinion has gradually diminished and the gap in China policy among nations has likewise narrowed down. Instead, reason and a realistic approach have eventually taken center stare.     

The U. S. Policy toward DPRK: Opportunities and Constraints

布什政府上台以来,始终未能阻止朝鲜拥核步伐.朝核试后,美对朝政策有了新的调整,六方会谈得以复会.但美朝双方受各自国家利益和政策目标的限制,在朝鲜半岛无核化问题上的尖锐分歧难以解决,朝核危机仍存在再度升级的可能.     

Marxist Philosophy vs. International Relations Research in China

This article argues for the confirmation of Marxist philosophy as the ideology that guides international relations （IR） studies in China. Justification comes through the following points. According to Marxism, correct theoretical guidance serves as the prerequisite for correct practice. Marxist philosophy embodies, by nature, righteousness, in opposition to political hegemony. Accordingly, practice under its guidance represents fruitful revolutionary realism. Finally, advanced studies of international relations in this country cannot be separated from philosophical thinking. Using these arguments as background, this article specifically advocates materialism, patriotism, and service to the people as the corner-stone of China＇s IR theory building.     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

Excavating Concealed Tradeoffs: How Russians Watch the News

Citizens in democracies are expected to make better decisions if they understand policy tradeoffs. However, politicians rarely have incentives to communicate them; citizens are uncomfortable choosing among valued outcomes; and devising a common metric is difficult. It is not surprising that in the United States the environment provides relatively little cuing or priming of tradeoffs in television news. Russian citizens, on the other hand, face a media environment in which tradeoff cuing is intentionally suppressed by owners' agendas, yet viewers detect concealed tradeoffs even in the absence of tradeoff priming and viewpoint diversity. Analysis of discourse among ordinary Russians in 16 focus groups convened in four cities, differentiated by political reform and media market environments, showed that when watching news in which tradeoffs are thoroughly concealed, viewers challenge stories by offering a broad spectrum of uncued tradeoffs. Tradeoffs come from diverse policy domains and represent a range of cognitive strategies, some of which are considerably more abstract than others and link elements of their observations and assumptions (together with what they can extract from the stories) into complex reasoning outcomes.     

The U.S. Global Strategy as Seen from the Debate in the Primary Election

There may be more than one year to go before the 2008 U.S. presidential election, but the primary election of the two parties has already begun ahead of time. Both the Democratic and Republican candidates for the     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1. Introduction
On the morning of April 1st, 2001, a U.S. EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China＇s Hainan Island. Two Chinese fighter jets intercepted the spy plane and followed its flight, as is considered ordinary international practice. For reasons unknown, the EP-3 airplane made a sudden maneuver and crashed into one of the Chinese planes. The Chinese plane dropped into the sea, the pilot missing. The U.S. spy plane was also severely damaged. It intruded into Chinese territorial space and landed on Hainan Island without official permission from the Chinese side. After landing, the spy plane and 24 crew on board were detained by the Chinese authorities. This air collision episode was the first of its kind in the China-U.S. relations and an urgent diplomatic crisis ensued.     

Constitution of the Chinese Associa tion for Interna tiona l Understa nding(Approved by the Plenary Session of the Eleventh Executive Council on April 2, 2014)

正Chapter I General Rules Article 1 The Chinese Association for International Understanding is a national non-governmental organization(NGO)in the People’s Republic of China.Article 2 The official name of the Association is"Zhong Guo Guo Ji Jiao Liu Xie Hui"in Chinese,or"Jiao Liu Xie Hui"for short.Its English translation is"Chinese Association for International Understanding",and abbreviated as"CAFIU".     

Guide to Authors

正Published by China Institute of International Studies,China International Studies is China’s first English-language journal on diplomacy and international politics for formal circulation.The magazine mainly publishes the latest research achievements of Chinese scholars and specialists on China’s diplomacy,international politics and international relations under such columns as China’s Diplomacy,International Relations,International Politics,International Security,Regional Issues and World Economy.