人脑脊液中利多卡因的高效液相色谱分析

目的 建立人脑脊液中利多卡因的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法。方法 以空白人脑脊液添加标准利多卡因进行HPLC分析,并系统考察实验中的色谱条件、样品处理方法、线性关系、精密度及回收率。结果 所建方法的线性范围是1.0～20.0μg·ml-1(r=0.9993),最低检测浓度为1.0μg·ml-1(S/N≥3),日内、日间检测的相对标准偏差≤3.0％,回收率为98.3％～102.7％。结论 所建方法定量检测人脑脊液中的利多卡,灵敏、准确、快速。     

GC-MS/MS测定血液中巴比妥类安眠药物

建立GC-MS/MS测定血液中巴比妥类安眠药物的分析方法。方法通过固相萃取提取并富集血液样品中常见巴比妥类安眠药物,采用离子阱二级质谱定性并定量检测其含量,并优化萃取溶液pH值与气相色谱/二级质谱联用分析条件,对巴比妥类安眠药物进行定量分析。结果巴比妥类安眠药物检出限为0.04μg/mL～0.10μg/mL,回收率为80.3%～92.6%。结论该方法高效、简单,灵敏度高,可用于血液中巴比妥类安眠药物同时定性定量检测。     

固相萃取-GC/MS法检测生物检材中的百草枯

目的采用固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱分析方法检测血液、尿液和脏器组织中的百草枯。方法人血液、尿液和猪肺组织样品经三氯乙酸去除蛋白后,取上清用十二烷基三甲基溴化铵和十二烷基硫酸钠处理过的C18小柱提取,提取物用硼氢化钠在碱性条件下还原,产物用气相色谱/质谱法分析,外标法定量。结果生物检材中百草枯回收率为78%～87%,最低检出限为0.1μg/mL,在0.5～1mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,可对实际案例检材进行定量检测。结论本文固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱分析方法能满足中毒生物检材检验及临床毒物检验需要。     

GC/MS法测定血液中的米氮平

目的采用液液提取-GC/MS法检测血液中米氮平。方法用0.1mol/L NaOH溶液调节血液pH值为8～9,以二氯甲烷∶环己烷(4∶6)混合溶剂作为提取溶剂,液液提取法提取血液中米氮平,外标法气相色谱/质谱联用仪定性定量分析。在2mL血中分别添加标准米氮平1、0.5、0.1μg,进行回收率测定。结果血液中添加米氮平的平均回收率为91.5%,方法的工作曲线为Y=1E+06X-16206,相关系数r=0.999 7,线性范围0.5～10μg/mL,最小检出限0.1μg/mL(S/N=46)。结论本文方法操作简便,适合于血液中米氮平的定性、定量分析,可在实际捡案中选择使用。     

GC-MS衍生化方法快速检测生物样品中的氨

目的建立生物样品中氨的气质联用定性和定量检测方法。方法采用七氟丁酰氯衍生化,气相色谱-质谱联用仪(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)检测。考察不同pH值条件、衍生化温度、时间和不同提取溶剂对检测结果的影响,优化前处理条件。结果该方法能够准确检测血浆中氨的含量,检出限为0.1μg/mL,目标物在0.5～200.0μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(R~2=0.987 7),日内精密度相对标准偏差范围为2.59%～3.88%,日间精密度相对标准偏差范围是3.21%～3.76%。结论该方法具有良好的灵敏度、稳定性和专属性,可用于法医毒物分析与临床生化检测。     

LC-MS/MS法检测人血液中的利多卡因及其代谢物

目的建立人血液样品中利多卡因及其代谢物单乙基甘氨酰二甲苯胺(MEGX)和甘氨酰二甲苯胺(GX的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)分析方法。方法人血液样品经乙腈沉淀蛋白后,Zorbax RRHD Plus C18柱(2.1mm×50mm,1.8μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸和乙腈为流动相进行洗脱。质谱采用电喷雾正离子化(ESI+),多反应监测扫描模式。结果血液中利多卡因、MEGX和GX在相应范围内线性良好,相关系数(r 0.9950)。在血液中检出限分别为0.1 ng/mL、0.5 ng/mL和0.2 ng/mL,方法回收率为92.7%～103.9%,准确度为92.9%～113.1%,日内、日间精密度的相对标准偏差均不超过13.0%。在1例肌肉注射利多卡因死者心血中利多卡因、MEGX和GX的质量浓度分别为1.520μg/mL、0.019μg/mL和0.266μg/mL。结论本方法灵敏度高、选择性好,适用于血液中利多卡因及其代谢物的检测,可为利多卡因临床治疗过程中的药物浓度监测和法医学鉴定提供技术支撑。     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定血液中芬普雷司

目的 建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱法检测血液中芬普雷司的方法。方法 将血液用乙腈沉淀蛋白后，高速离心，取上清液经0.22μm PTFE滤膜过滤后进样，选用Kinetex^?C18 (100×2.1 mm,2.6μm)色谱柱，以0.1%的甲酸及5 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液和乙腈为流动相，梯度洗脱，流速0.5 mL/min。选择电喷雾离子源(ESI)，采用多反应监测(MRM)的模式，优化质谱参数，离子对为：m/z 189.3/91.1和m/z 189.3/119.0。结果试验结果表明，芬普雷司0.5～500 ng/mL浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系，线性相关系数0.993 3，最低检测浓度(LOQ, S/N=3)为0.1 ng/ml，定量限0.5 ng/ml，空白添加回收率84.3%～92.1%，精密度为1.9%～2.8%。结论建立的LC-MS/MS分析方法准确、快速、有效，可应用于血液中芬普雷司定量和定性要求。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定血液中乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷

目的建立血液中乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷（ethyl glucuronide,EtG）的气相色谱-串联质谱（GC-MS/MS）测定方法。方法血液用乙腈沉淀蛋白,离心后,将上清液转移吹干,残留物经N,O-双（三甲基硅烷基）三氟乙酰胺衍生化,用GC-MS/MS进行检测。结果血液中EtG的检出限为0.05μg/mL,线性范围为0.1～10μg/mL（r=0.9999）。对送检案例血液检材进行EtG检测,效果良好。结论本方法适用于血液中EtG的检测。     

人体血液中吗啡的定性定量分析

目的　建立人体血液中吗啡的定性定量分析方法。方法　经过丙酸酐衍生化法 ,利用气质联用和气相色谱氮磷检测器对吗啡丙酸酐衍生物进行定性定量分析。结果　确定了人体血液中吗啡的气质联用和气相色谱氮磷检测器定性定量分析的色谱条件、吗啡气相色谱氮磷检测器定量分析的线性范围及吗啡最小检出量0 1ng。结论　该方法定性定量结果准确、可靠 ,定量线性范围可满足实际办案需要 ,为吸食鸦片类毒品人群血液中吗啡的定性定量分析提供了分析方法和依据     

气/质联用和气相色谱-NPD法分析唾液中哌替啶

目的建立唾液中哌替啶的提取方法以及气相色谱-质谱和气相色谱-NPD分析方法。方法实验家兔静脉注射哌替啶,于注射后15~600min之间的10个时间点收集唾液样品;样本加入内标物利多卡因,采用有机溶剂萃取后,进行气相色谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)定性分析、气相色谱-NPD定量分析唾液中哌替啶浓度。并对不同p H条件和不同有机溶剂萃取剂以及方法学进行考察。结果在p H12条件下使用二氯甲烷萃取唾液中哌替啶效果较好。唾液中哌替啶气相色谱-NPD分析方法线性检测范围为2.0~100.0μg/m L,相关系数0.995 0,最低检出限为2.0μg/m L,回收率范围98.80%~114.72%,日内和日间精密度均小于2.88%。结论建立的唾液中哌替啶气/质联用和气相色谱-NPD分析方法,可用于哌替啶中毒与滥用的快速检验鉴定。     

GC-MS法测定血中1-甲基海因含量及其法医学应用

目的建立全血中1-甲基海因的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析方法,为1-甲基海因相关法医学鉴定案件提供技术支持。方法取0.5 m L血样,加入500 ng内标盐酸双苯戊二氨酯(SKF_(525A))、0.01 mol/L稀盐酸溶液2 m L,加入碳酸铵0.5 g调节p H值为9,加入乙酸乙酯2 m L,然后离心,取有机溶剂层,吹干后进行GC-MS分析。结果血液中1-甲基海因在0.5~50 ng/m L范围内线性关系良好,线性回归方程为y=0.015 51 x+0.007 26(R~2=0.999 7),最低检出限为0.1 ng/m L,回收率为93.02%~108.12%,日内、日间精密度分别小于6.07%和13.37%。结论本方法测定所得结果准确,重现性好,可用于血样中1-甲基海因含量的测定。     

Suicide due to oral ingestion of lidocaine: a case report and review of the literature

The Authors describe a rare case of suicide in a 31-year-old woman, due to oral ingestion of lidocaine; the histological and toxicological findings are discussed to provide useful information to the present experience with this particular modality of death. Histological examination revealed generalized stasis. In the myocardium we observed segmentation of the myocardial cells and/or widening of intercalated discs and associated group of hypercontracted myocardial cells with "square" nuclei in line with hyperdistended ones. Non-eosinophilic bands of hypercontracted sarcomeres alternating with stretched, often apparently separated sarcomeres, small foci of paradiscal contraction band necrosis, and perivascular fibrosis were observed too. Lidocaine was detected in the subject's urine through immunoenzymatic screening. Toxicological analysis by solid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, was carried out to identify and quantify the individual substances present in the biological fluids and organs. Lidocaine concentrations were as follows: blood 31 microg/mL, gastric content 2.5 g, liver 10 microg/g, kidney 12 microg/g, brain 9 microg/g, spleen 24 microg/g, lung 84 microg/g, heart 9 microg/g, urine 9 microg/mL, and bile 6 microg/mL. No other drugs or alcohol were detected. When blood lidocaine reaches toxic levels, serious toxic symptoms associated with the central nervous system and cardiac system are noted. The overdose of lidocaine produces death from ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest. In this case, according to macroscopic and microscopic findings, the cause of death was most likely cardiac and possibly related to ventricular fibrillation.     

血液中丙泊酚的GC-MS分析

目的应用气质联用仪(GC-MS),建立快速、灵敏地分析血液中丙泊酚的定性定量方法。方法血液1mL,加入内标,采用液液提取方法处理,GC-MS选择离子(SIM)模式测定。结果在0.1～10μg/mL范围呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R2为0.9931,最低检测限(LOD)为0.05μg/mL。结论所建立的方法简便、快速、特异性强、灵敏度高,可满足法庭毒物分析和临床毒物分析的需要。     

利多卡因在蛛网膜下腔麻醉致死犬体内的分布

目的 观察利多卡因蛛网膜下腔致死犬体内的分布及脊髓液、脊髓与血液中利多卡因含量的比值。方法薄层扫描法检测血、脊髓液、侧脑室液、各节段脊髓和各脏器组织中利多卡因含量。结果 蛛网膜下腔麻醉致死犬脊髓液、各节段脊髓、脑、血液和其它各脏器中利多卡因含量分别为485.6±51.5μg/ml、226.8±35.2-353.8±44.0μg/g、44.9±11.51μg/g、40.3±6.5μg/ml和13.5±13.7-38.0±9.8μg/g。脊髓液与血液中利多卡因含量之比为12.4±2.7,各节段脊髓与血液之比为5.7±0.9-9.0±2.6。结论 蛛网膜下腔麻醉致死犬脊髓液中利多卡因含量最高,脊髓中次之,血液和其它组织中含量较低。脊髓液/血液、脊髓/血液比值平均可达12.4和5.7-9.0。     

利多卡因在蛛网膜下腔和静脉注射致死犬体内的死后分布

目的比较利多卡因在蛛网膜下腔和静脉注射致死犬体内的死后分布特点。方法犬12只,其中6只经蛛网膜下腔,另6只经股静脉匀速注入利多卡因(5×15mg/kg)致死,迅速解剖动物,取大脑、侧脑室脑脊液、腰段脊髓腔脑脊液、不同脊髓节段(颈髓、胸髓、腰髓、骶髓),心、肺、肝、脾、肾、胆汁、尿、心血、周围血、注射部位肌肉和注射部位20 cm以外肌肉等脏器组织和体液,用气质联用法定性,气相色谱法定量检测其中利多卡因含量。结果蛛网膜下腔注射致死犬体内利多卡因的含量由高到低顺序依次为腰段脊髓腔脑脊液、骶段脊髓、胸段脊髓、侧脑室脑脊液、腰段脊髓、颈段脊髓、肺、肾、注射部位肌肉、心、大脑、脾、心血、肝、周围血、胆汁、注射部位20 cm以外的肌肉、尿;静脉注射致死犬体内利多卡因的含量由高到低顺序依次为肾、心、肺、脾、大脑、肝、周围血、胆汁、心血、颈段脊髓、胸段脑脊液、注射部位肌肉、腰段脊髓、注射部位20 cm以外的肌肉、侧脑室脑脊液、尿、腰段脊髓腔脑脊液、骶段脊髓。结论蛛网膜下腔注射致死犬背侧脊髓液中利多卡因含量最高,静脉注射致死犬肾脏利多卡因含量最高,此分布特征可为利多卡因麻醉意外法医学鉴定中入体途径的判定提供参考。     

血液、尿液中氯胺酮及其代谢物去甲氯胺酮的HPLC分析

目的 建立血液、尿液中氯胺酮及其代谢物去甲氯胺酮的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法.方法 以非那西丁为内标,检材加入10%的氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值为14,用甲苯提取,离心后取有机层,水浴下吹干,乙腈定容后进HPLC仪分析.结果 检测血液中氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮的线性范围均是0.05～10μg/mL(r2＞0.999 3),检测尿液中氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮的线性范围均是0.01～50 μg/mL(r2＞0.999 5).氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮在血液和尿液中的检测限分别是0.006 μg/mL和0.003 μg/mL.血液和尿液中氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮的回收率不低于82.4%.检测血液和尿液中氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮的日内精密度和日间精密度均小于10.0%.将所建的方法应用于给大鼠氯胺酮后的血液和尿液中的氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮的测定,得到了氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮在大鼠的药时曲线和尿排药速率曲线. 结论本方法简便、快捷,适用于血液、尿液中氯胺酮及其代谢物去甲氯胺酮的分析.     

Headspace solid phase microextraction for the gas chromatographic analysis of methyl-parathion in post-mortem human samples. Application in a suicide case by intravenous injection

A simple and rapid procedure for the determination of methyl-parathion (m-p) in post-mortem biological samples was developed using headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography (GC) with nitrogen-phosphorous detection (NPD). Methyl-parathion was extracted on 85 microm polyacrylate SPME fiber. Salt addition, extraction temperature, and extraction time were optimized to enhance the sensitivity of the method. The linearity (y = 0.0473x - 0.0113, R2 = 0.9992) and the dynamic range (0.1-40 microg/ml) were found very satisfactory. The recoveries of methyl-parathion were found to be 46% in spiked human whole blood, 53% in spiked homogenized liver tissue, and 54% in spiked homogenized kidney tissue compared with samples prepared in water. The coefficients of variations for 2, 4, and 20 microg/ml of methyl-parathion in blood ranged from 0.9 to 5.1%, whereas the detection limit of the method was satisfactory (1 ng/ml in aqueous samples, 50 ng/ml in whole blood). The developed procedure was applied to post-mortem biological samples from a 21-year-old woman fatally poisoned (suicide) by intravenous injection of methyl-parathion. The intact insecticide was found in the post-mortem blood at a concentration of 24 microg/ml. No methyl-parathion was detected in the liver, kidneys, and gastric contents.     

气相色谱法同时测定血清中甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇

目的建立气相色谱同时测定血清中甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇含量的方法。方法改变气相色谱条件,以异戊醇为内标,采用气相色谱一氢火焰离子化检测器对血清直接进行检测。并通过待测组分与内标物的响应值比进行定量。结果GC／FID法检测血清中的甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇含量,得到了良好的线性关系。乙醇浓度从1～100mg／100ml。的线性关系式为Y=0．4145X＋0．0232（R2=0．9974）、浓度从100～1000mg／100mL的线性关系式为Y=0．4511X＋0．0746（R2=0．9911）,甲醇浓度从l-200mg／100mL的线性关系式为Y=0．2778X＋0．0493（R2=0．9983）。结论该方法操作简便快速,重现性好,通过检测正丙醇还可以推断腐败血样自身产生的乙醇量,是一种较为理想的血醇检测方法。     

高效液相色谱法分离测定药酒中乌头碱的含量

目的建立药酒中乌头碱的高效液相色谱快速分析方法。方法以白酒添加乌头碱对照品对药酒样品的前处理方法、仪器测试条件、线性范围、精密度、回收率进行全面考察,建立定量分析方法。对药酒中所含乌头碱的浓度进行测定。结果该方法乌头碱在药酒中的线性范围是0.45～9.0μg·mL-1;日内、日间精密度分别小于3.1%和4.7%;回收率在(97.3±2.8)%以上。结论所建方法实用、便捷,可对药酒中乌头碱的含量进行快速检测。     

Analytical investigations in a death case by suffocation in an argon atmosphere

A 31-year-old engineer was found dead in a reaction vessel (diameter 0.8 m, height 1.8 m) of a bulb factory some minutes after he had entered it for repair work. Resuscitation attempts with artificial respiration were unsuccessful. Despite autopsy and usual toxicological analyses, no cause of death could be found. Since in the normal production process, argon was used as a protecting gas, the possibility of suffocation in an argon atmosphere was investigated. This was rendered more difficult because of the natural content of 0.93 vol.% argon in air and since the excessive argon could have been removed by the resuscitation attempts. Gas samples from larynx, esophagus, bronchi, and stomach, separated blood samples from both ventricles of the heart and from the vena iliaca externa as well as tissue samples from lung and liver were collected during autopsy into headspace vials in such a way that the loss of gas and a dilution by surrounding air was avoided as far as possible. The samples were analyzed by headspace GC-MS. The abundance of Ar+ (m/z = 40) was used for quantification with N2(2+) (m/z = 14) as internal standard. The following argon concentrations were measured (mean values, case under investigation/comparison cases): gas from larynx 1.79/0.96 vol.%, stomach gas 1.58/0.89 vol.%, heart blood (left ventricle) 7.2/2.7 microg/mL, heart blood (right ventricle) 5.8/2.7 microg/mL, blood from vena iliaca externa 3.6/2.7 microg/mL. A clearly increased concentration was also found in lung tissue, whereas in liver tissue no significant difference in comparison to other cases was measured. From the results, it follows that the deceased inhaled an increased amount of argon a short time before death. The concentrations are consistent with asphyxia and subsequent resuscitation attempts. They cannot be explained by a long-term inhalation of an atmosphere enriched with argon before the incident as it is likely to have occurred in this factory hall.