蓝舌病病毒单克隆抗体的制备及生物学特性鉴定

以纯化的蓝舌病病毒(BTV)11型VP7免疫BALB/c小鼠,运用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术,借助间接ELISA筛选,获得了3株分泌抗BTV11 VP7的群特异性单克隆抗体(McAb)的杂交瘤细胞株,命名为C12D9、B4 F3、E1 A7.这3株杂交瘤细胞株连续传代3个月再经液氮冻存6个月后复苏培养,仍能稳定分泌特异性McAb.3株McAb均具有ELISA特性和免疫沉淀特性,其中C12D9株上清液的ELISA效价为1256,腹水的ELISA效价为10-6.亚类鉴定,C12D9株为小鼠IgG1,B4F3、E1 A7为IgG2a和IgG2b.琼脂免疫扩散试验和间接ELISA试验表明,这3株均与BTV11型VP7发生特异性反应,为BTV群特异性McAb.     

抗鱼类致病性嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌单克隆抗体的制备及其生物学特性鉴定

以福尔马林灭活的嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过杂交瘤技术制备针对鱼类致病性嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌的单克隆抗体(McAb),用软琼脂法进行克隆化培养,通过间接ELISA法对所得的杂交瘤细胞株进行特异性筛选,并鉴定其Ig亚类,测定腹水效价,进行了相对亲和力和抗原位点等生物学特性分析。结果显示,获得了8株可分泌特异性McAb的杂交瘤细胞,分别命名为1C3、1C6、4H8、3D9、2B11、3G3、2H11、1B8。经过鉴定,这8株McAb能够特异性地针对嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌,与其他测试菌之间无交叉反应;其抗体主要分为4个亚类,分别为IgG2a型、IgG2b型、IgG3型和IgM型;腹水效价均在10-6以上;相对亲和力较高;2B11针对的嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌脂多糖表位,而其余7株McAb针对的非脂多糖抗原位点。试验结果证实成功制备了能稳定分泌抗嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌McAb的细胞株,为水产养殖中该菌的快速检测和免疫学研究奠定了基础。     

口蹄疫病毒受体猪源整联蛋白β6亚基配体结合域单克隆抗体的制备

以纯化的口蹄疫病毒受体猪源整联蛋白β6亚基配体结合域重组蛋白为抗原,免疫雌性BALB/c小鼠,经3次免疫后取其脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,制备口蹄疫病毒受体猪源整联蛋白β6亚基配体结合域单克隆抗体(McAb);采用有限稀释法和间接ELISA克隆和筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞株,并用SDS-PAGE、间接ELISA以及间接免疫荧光法对制备的McAb的特异性进行鉴定。结果显示,成功获得5株能稳定传代并分泌抗β6亚基配体结合域的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为C4C7、E7C7、B8C9、C2D8和B7B6,其分泌的McAb为IgG2b(C2D8)和IgG2a(C4C7、E7C7、B8C9、B7B6)亚类。制备的口蹄疫病毒受体猪源整联蛋白β6亚基配体结合域McAb可为深入研究整联蛋白αvβ6在口蹄疫病毒感染过程中的作用奠定基础。     

猪圆环病毒3型Cap蛋白的表达纯化及单克隆抗体的制备

猪圆环病毒3型(porcine circovirus 3,PCV3)是新近被发现的病原,与之相关的疾病包括母猪繁殖障碍、猪皮炎与肾病综合征、猪呼吸道疾病综合征、仔猪先天性震颤等。本研究采用PCR方法从PCV3/CN/GDLC1/2016株中扩增出衣壳蛋白(Cap)基因,对Cap基因进行序列分析并预测其二级结构,将去除信号肽序列的PCV3 Cap基因片段克隆到表达载体pET-32a(+)中,测序验证后转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞中进行原核表达,经镍柱纯化表达蛋白,通过免疫BALB/c小鼠制备单克隆抗体(MAb)。结果表明,重组PCV3 Cap蛋白为包涵体,大小约38 ku,最佳诱导时间为4 h。通过镍柱成功纯化PCV3 Cap蛋白,筛选获得A8F、C6D、C7E、C6E、C9C、C9E、B7D和C11C等8株能稳定分泌抗PCV3 Cap蛋白抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。ELISA结果表明,A8F、C6D、C9E和B7D MAb均属于IgG2b亚类,C7E、C6E和C9C均属于IgM亚类,C11C属于IgG1亚类;A8F、B7D和C11C MAb效价均大于1∶64 000,C9E效价为1∶32 000,C6E效价为1∶8 000,C6D、C7E和C9C效价均为1∶1 000。经Western-blot分析,重组PCV3 Cap蛋白能与抗His标签抗体和抗PCV3 Cap蛋白MAb进行特异性免疫印迹反应,证实表达蛋白具有良好的反应原性。本研究为今后PCV3的防控提供了技术支持和实验基础,具有重要的生产实践意义。     

乳牛L-选择素单克隆抗体的制备与亚类鉴定

以乳牛L-选择素为免疫抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠1只,相隔14 d进行3次免疫,抗原用量每次30μg,首次免疫后第116 d进行尾静脉加强免疫,抗原用量10μg。免疫脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞融合后接种12块96孔板。以L-选择素包被酶标板,间接ELISA检测阳性孔,有限稀释法克隆阳性孔,筛选出6株杂交瘤细胞。小鼠腹腔注射杂交瘤细胞株制备McAb,并对其分别进行Ig亚类测定。结果,6株杂交瘤细胞7B10、10F6、10E2、5C6、12G7和11A3的Ig亚类分别是IgG2a、IgG2aI、gG2bI、gG1I、gG1和IgG1。     

抗水貂肠炎病毒单克隆抗体的制备及其生物学特性鉴定

将水貂肠炎病毒SMPV-11株纯化后免疫4～6周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,经亚克隆和间接ELISA筛选,获得了8株稳定分泌抗水貂肠炎病毒SMPV-11株单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为D3、H5、F5、F4、A9、B7、H11和H8.经过鉴定:其腹水ELISA效价分别在1:6.4×103和1:2.56×104之间;且与犬瘟热病毒、阿留申病病毒、犬腺病毒不发生交叉反应;而与水貂肠炎病毒、犬细小病毒和猫泛白细胞减少症病毒呈特异性反应;这8株单克隆抗体均为IgG类型.     

牛IFN-γ单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

为进一步研究牛IFN-γ(BoIFN-γ)单克隆抗体在牛免疫学以及牛疫病诊断中的应用,用原核表达的重组牛IFN-γ(rHis-BoIFN-γ)免疫6周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠,免疫3次后取其脾细胞和骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0进行融合。用建立的间接ELISA方法筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞,经3～5次亚克隆,最终获得12株能稳定分泌抗体的阳性杂交瘤细胞株。Ig亚类鉴定结果显示这12株杂交瘤细胞均为IgG,其中5株为IgG1,3株为IgG2a,4株为IgG2b。这12株杂交瘤细胞在体外具有稳定分泌抗牛IFN-γ单克隆抗体的能力。Western-blot及间接ELISA证明这12株单克隆抗体均可特异性地结合rBoIFN-γ蛋白。间接免疫荧光试验显示,这12株单抗均与真核细胞BHK-21表达的rBoIFN-γ产生荧光反应,证明这些单抗能够与接近天然的BoIFN-γ反应,证实了单抗的特异性。ELISA叠加试验表明,3C2与1H4、1G6与1G4针对不同表位,1A10、1B2、2B9、3C4四株和1C1与1G6、1G4与3C2、1A10与1G8针对相同或相近的表位。     

猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

利用重组杆状病毒表达的猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)Cap蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过杂交瘤技术,共获得6株能稳定分泌抗Cap蛋白抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为3H9/1H5、3H9/3C7、4A9/3E2、4A9/3D7、6G7/7B6和6G7/8D3,并通过ELISA、Western-blotting和间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)对6株单抗的特性和抗原表位进行分析鉴定。结果显示,6株杂交瘤细胞培养上清的抗体效价为1∶1 024～1∶2 048,腹水效价为1∶163 840～1∶204 800。3H9/1H5、3H9/3C7、6G7/7B6和6G7/8D3的亚型为IgG1型,4A9/3E2和4A9/3D7为IgG2b型,所有单抗的轻链均为κ型。Western-blotting和IFA结果表明6株单抗均能与重组Cap蛋白和PCV2产生特异性反应。相加ELISA结果显示,6株单抗可能识别不同的抗原表位。为准确鉴别不同单抗针对的抗原位点,以截短表达的重组Cap蛋白为抗原,进行Western-blot鉴定。结果显示,4A9/3E2与4A9/3D7的抗原表位位于101～150aa,其余4株单抗可能针对1～50aa或者天然...     

抗弓形虫SAG2蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及其免疫学特性鉴定

为制备抗弓形虫SAG2蛋白的单克隆抗体(McAb),用纯化的rSAG2蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,3次免疫后,取其脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,经间接ELISA方法筛选稳定分泌高效价McAb的杂交瘤细胞株,体内诱生腹水法制备单抗。用ELISA方法测定其效价;单克隆抗体类型鉴定试纸条鉴定其类型;Western-blot和IFA试验进行特异性鉴定。结果显示,筛选出2株能稳定分泌抗SAG2蛋白的单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别被命名为5E2、2A8。间接ELISA测定其效价分别为1∶256 000、1∶128 000;2株单克隆抗体亚型均为IgG1型,轻链均为κ链;Western-blot与IFA试验表明,这2株McAb均能够特异性识别天然构象的SAG2蛋白,并且进一步说明此蛋白是位于弓形虫膜表面的蛋白。成功获得了具有较高特异性及敏感性的抗SAG2蛋白的单克隆抗体,并能特异性识别天然构象的SAG2蛋白,为弓形虫病免疫诊断及基因工程亚单位疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

玉米赤霉烯酮免疫检测技术研究——分泌抗玉米赤霉烯酮单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立

用F-2-BSA人工抗原免疫Balb/c鼠,通过淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术,建立6株分泌抗F-2毒素的McAb杂交瘤细胞株。用间接ELISA法测定,细胞上清液抗体滴度为2084~×(4H_8)、256~×(6H_9、4H_3、2H_5、2C_8)、16~×(3F_(10));腹水抗体滴度为10~(-9)(4H_3、4H_8),10~(-8)(2H_5)、10~(-7)(6H_9)、10~(-6)(2C_8)、10~(-5)(3F_(10))。用竞争间接ELISA法测定6株McAb对F-2毒素的敏感度为0.8～0.3ng/ml。该抗体与同系物(玉米赤霉烯醇)交叉反应率为9.0％～1.3％。6株McAb均属IgG类。细胞体外传代培养和冻存复苏后,分泌抗体稳定。纯化抗体在37℃保存12天稳定。     

China＇s Rise vs. International Order Evolution

A heated debate over the rise of China has been going on unabated in the international community for nearly two decades. However, with the elapse of time, the initial divergence of views in the mainstream opinion has gradually diminished and the gap in China policy among nations has likewise narrowed down. Instead, reason and a realistic approach have eventually taken center stare.     

The U. S. Policy toward DPRK: Opportunities and Constraints

布什政府上台以来,始终未能阻止朝鲜拥核步伐.朝核试后,美对朝政策有了新的调整,六方会谈得以复会.但美朝双方受各自国家利益和政策目标的限制,在朝鲜半岛无核化问题上的尖锐分歧难以解决,朝核危机仍存在再度升级的可能.     

Marxist Philosophy vs. International Relations Research in China

This article argues for the confirmation of Marxist philosophy as the ideology that guides international relations （IR） studies in China. Justification comes through the following points. According to Marxism, correct theoretical guidance serves as the prerequisite for correct practice. Marxist philosophy embodies, by nature, righteousness, in opposition to political hegemony. Accordingly, practice under its guidance represents fruitful revolutionary realism. Finally, advanced studies of international relations in this country cannot be separated from philosophical thinking. Using these arguments as background, this article specifically advocates materialism, patriotism, and service to the people as the corner-stone of China＇s IR theory building.     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

Excavating Concealed Tradeoffs: How Russians Watch the News

Citizens in democracies are expected to make better decisions if they understand policy tradeoffs. However, politicians rarely have incentives to communicate them; citizens are uncomfortable choosing among valued outcomes; and devising a common metric is difficult. It is not surprising that in the United States the environment provides relatively little cuing or priming of tradeoffs in television news. Russian citizens, on the other hand, face a media environment in which tradeoff cuing is intentionally suppressed by owners' agendas, yet viewers detect concealed tradeoffs even in the absence of tradeoff priming and viewpoint diversity. Analysis of discourse among ordinary Russians in 16 focus groups convened in four cities, differentiated by political reform and media market environments, showed that when watching news in which tradeoffs are thoroughly concealed, viewers challenge stories by offering a broad spectrum of uncued tradeoffs. Tradeoffs come from diverse policy domains and represent a range of cognitive strategies, some of which are considerably more abstract than others and link elements of their observations and assumptions (together with what they can extract from the stories) into complex reasoning outcomes.     

The U.S. Global Strategy as Seen from the Debate in the Primary Election

There may be more than one year to go before the 2008 U.S. presidential election, but the primary election of the two parties has already begun ahead of time. Both the Democratic and Republican candidates for the     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1. Introduction
On the morning of April 1st, 2001, a U.S. EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China＇s Hainan Island. Two Chinese fighter jets intercepted the spy plane and followed its flight, as is considered ordinary international practice. For reasons unknown, the EP-3 airplane made a sudden maneuver and crashed into one of the Chinese planes. The Chinese plane dropped into the sea, the pilot missing. The U.S. spy plane was also severely damaged. It intruded into Chinese territorial space and landed on Hainan Island without official permission from the Chinese side. After landing, the spy plane and 24 crew on board were detained by the Chinese authorities. This air collision episode was the first of its kind in the China-U.S. relations and an urgent diplomatic crisis ensued.     

Constitution of the Chinese Associa tion for Interna tiona l Understa nding(Approved by the Plenary Session of the Eleventh Executive Council on April 2, 2014)

正Chapter I General Rules Article 1 The Chinese Association for International Understanding is a national non-governmental organization(NGO)in the People’s Republic of China.Article 2 The official name of the Association is"Zhong Guo Guo Ji Jiao Liu Xie Hui"in Chinese,or"Jiao Liu Xie Hui"for short.Its English translation is"Chinese Association for International Understanding",and abbreviated as"CAFIU".     

Guide to Authors

正Published by China Institute of International Studies,China International Studies is China’s first English-language journal on diplomacy and international politics for formal circulation.The magazine mainly publishes the latest research achievements of Chinese scholars and specialists on China’s diplomacy,international politics and international relations under such columns as China’s Diplomacy,International Relations,International Politics,International Security,Regional Issues and World Economy.